Comparative Investigation of Reagent Systems (Powder Pack / Pillow) for Free and Total Chlorine from Lovibond and Hach
|
|
- Alison Powers
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Comparative Investigation of Reagent Systems (Powder Pack / Pillow) for Free and Total Chlorine from Lovibond and Hach Contents Page Introduction and purpose 2 Methods, reagents and equipment employed 2 Part I Calibration with potassium iodate 4 I.1 Results using Lovibond reagents 4 I.2 Results using HACH reagents 5 I.3 Diagrammatic presentation of results 7 Part II Precision measurements 8 Part III Calibration with potassium permanganate 10 Bibliography 12 Appendix 13 HACH is a registered trademark of the HACH Company, Loveland, Colorado, USA. Page 1 of 13
2 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE In solutions which are slightly acidic in nature (with a ph value of 6.2 to 6.5) N.N-diethyl- 1.4-phenylendiamine (DPD) is oxidized with free chlorine, with a red coloured product being produced. Combined chlorine also produces this coloured product in the presence of iodide ions, (total chlorine determination). Chlorine concentration is measured either by visual colour comparison or by photometry (colorimetry). The purpose of this present investigation was to compare the powder reagents produced by Messrs. HACH with those of Messrs. Tintometer GmbH (the product name being Lovibond ) and to demonstrate that the Lovibond powder packs : - VARIO CHLORINE FREE - DPD - VARIO CHLORINE TOTAL - DPD correspond with HACH "powder pillows" and give the same results when used in association with HACH photometers. The investigation was carried out at the request of Tintometer GmbH. METHODS, REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED 1. Methods 1.1 Measurements according to EN ISO 7393 : The measurements were carried out in accordance with EN ISO [1]. In deviation from this document, all diluted standards were brought to 100 ml by adding 0.3 ml of a 10% solution of potassium iodide in water Measurements obtained with powder reagents : Measurements were carried out in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. 1.3 Measurements obtained with potassium permanganate : Measurements were carried out in accordance with EN ISO The potassium iodate standard was replaced by potassium permanganate standards. Here again, all diluted standards were brought to 100 ml by adding 0.3 ml of a 10% solution of potassium iodide in water 1. 1 The concentration of potassium iodide was inadequate, particularly for very dilute standard solutions. Page 2 of 13
3 2. Reagents 2.1 Potassium iodate standard solution : This solution was prepared by weighing g of potassium iodate (from Merck) into one litre of water. 2.2 Potassium permanganate standard solution : This solution was produced by diluting a standard solution (Titrisol from Merck). 2.3 DPD was obtained from Aldrich 2.4 All other reagents were obtained from Merck. 2.5 Powder reagents : Free chlorine Batch Nos. Lovibond 204B Hach A Total chlorine Lovibond 203A Hach B Distilled water was used, without further treatment, to produce the solutions. 3. Equipment 1. Spectrophotometer : The Spectrophotometer used was a "PERKIN-ELMER, Lambda 2, UV/VIS", with a wavelength of 510 nm, using 1 cm quartz cuvettes. 2. Hach photometer, "DR/890 Colorimeter", with Hach round cuvettes. Page 3 of 13
4 I Calibration with potassium iodate Calibration checks were carried out with powder reagents from Lovibond and Hach for free and total chlorine. The standards used were potassium iodate solutions according to EN ISO : Measurements were made with a spectrophotometer from Perkin Elmer (1 cm quartz cuvette). For comparison, calibration was also carried out using the method set out in EN ISO : I.1 Measurement results obtained with Lovibond reagents and their statistical evaluation Table 1 : Calibration with Lovibond reagents Photometer used Spectrophotometer Potassium iodate EN ISO Lovibond, free chlorine Lovibond, total chlorine mg/l Quadratic Regression n ( c) m (b) b (a) Sy Sxo Vxo (%) Page 4 of 13
5 Linear Regression Intercept Slope Sy Sxo Vxo (%) Significant best fit quadratic quadratic quadratic Limits of detection & quantitation (calculated from concentrations of up to 0.4 mg/l) Detection Quantitation VB (lower limit) VB (upper limit) I.2 Measurement results obtained with Hach reagents and their statistical evaluation Table 2 : Calibration with Hach reagents Photometer used Spectrophotometer Potassium iodate Hach, free chlorine Hach, total chlorine mg/l Page 5 of 13
6 Quadratic Regression n ( c) m (b) b (a) Sy Sxo Vxo (%) Linear Regression Intercept Slope Sy Sxo Vxo (%) significant best fit quadratic quadratic Limits of detection & quantitation (calculated from concentrations of up to 0.4 mg/l) Detection Quantitation VB (lower limit) VB (upper limit) Evaluation 1. Regression : During all calibrations, the quadratic regression provided the significant best fit. The spread of figures around the calculated curves (quadratic regression) is described by the standard deviations V X0 associated with the procedure [3]. These are low and lie between 0.7% and 2.0%. 2. Limits of detection and quantitation : The limits of detection and quantitation were calculated in accordance with DIN 32645: 1994 [2]. Only measured values as far as 0.40 mg/l were taken for calculation purposes, in order to ensure linearity and variance homogeneity. The quantitation limit (LOQ) is between mg/l and 0.04 mg/l. No significant differences were observed between the data provided in EN ISO 7393 and figures obtained for the two powder reagents, since confidence intervals is overlap. Page 6 of 13
7 I.3 Graphical presentation of results : comparison of Lovibond and Hach reagents The following graphs show the results of measurements obtained by spectrophotometer for free chlorine and for total chlorine. 0,6 0,5 Comparison of powder reagents Free Chlorine Measurement with spectrophotometer 0,6 0,5 Comparison of powder reagents Total chlorine Measurement with spectrophotometer 0,4 HACH Lovibond 0,4 HACH Lovibond 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 Free Chlorine [mg/l] 0,0 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 Total Chlorine [mg/l] Page 7 of 13
8 II Precision Measurements Table 3 : Mean value t test (powder reagents for free chlorine) Measurement using a spectrophotometer Reagent EN ISO Lovibond Hach Lovibond Hach Lovibond Hach EN ISO Lovibond Hach Concentr mg/l 1.00 mg/l 2.00 mg/l 1.50 mg/l Mean Std. dev CV. % Variance* , ,3 7,0 30 3,4 5,4 5,1 Number Variance F Test F(EN-Lov.) assessment Significant difference No sign. difference F(EN-Hach) assessment No sig. difference No sig. difference F(Lov.-Hach) assessment No sign. difference No sign. difference F(99%;f1,f2) Mean value t Test PG T (99%) assessment Significant difference No sign. difference No sign. difference No sign. difference Page 8 of 13
9 Assessment of the Variance F Test The results of the precision measurements were used to check whether there was any comparison between the distribution, or "scatter" of measured values for extinction via the F test. In each case, the values obtained using the method described in EN ISO 7393 were compared with the values obtained by Lovibond and Hach methods. The F test was not carried out for concentrations of 1 mg/l and 2 mg/l, because the number of measurements (three in each case) was too small and the test would therefore be too insensitive. The variation coefficients for all three procedures were extremely low, between 0.81% and 1.67% for the 0.25 mg/l standard, or between 0.52% and 0.53% for the 1.50 mg/l standard. No statistically significant differences between the different methods were noted for any of the comparisons for the 1.50 mg/l standard, or for two of the three comparisons for the 0.25 mg/l standard. Only for one of the comparisons using 0.25 mg/l was there a significant difference in distribution or "scatter" between EN ISO 7393 and Lovibond methods. However, the difference was extremely small (F = 5.37; test figure = 5.35). The variation coefficient (CV) using the EN ISO 7393 method was 0.81%. The figure for the Hach method was 1.29%, with 1.67% for the Lovibond method. These slight differences are of no practical significance 1. Assessment of the mean value t test : The results of extinction measurements according to EN ISO 7393 cannot be compared with those from Lovibond or Hach, because other concentration conditions apply which must result in different extinctions. A statistically significant difference was noted between the mean extinction figures for Lovibond and Hach for the samples having a concentration of 0.25 mg/l of free chlorine. However, the difference is very small (Lovibond = 0.072; Hach = 0.074) and therefore of no practical significance. No statistically significant differences were noted at any of the other concentrations. 1 This becomes also apparent if the level of measurement accuracy is calculated from the measured distribution : EN ISO 7393 (0.25 ± 0.004); Hach (0.25 ± 0.006) and Lovibond (0.25 ± 0.008) mg/l (VB 95% or k = 2). Page 9 of 13
10 III III.1 Calibration with potassium permanganate Comparison of calibrations with potassium iodate and potassium permanganate in line with EN ISO : 2000 Measurements with potassium iodate were carried out in accordance with EN ISO : Thereafter, appropriate standards were used with potassium permanganate. The results are shown in Table 4 : Table 4 : Results of measurements with potassium iodate and potassium permanganate in line with EN ISO : 2000 Standard KIO 3 KMnO 4 mg/l 0,00 0,001 0,001 0,10 0,024 0,024 0,25 0,062 0,061 0,50 0,124 0,124 1,00 0,243 0,240 1,50 0,350 0,346 Assessment : The regression calculation results in an intercept of and a slope of If the measured extinctions were fully in line, the figures would be 0 and 1. The calibrations with potassium iodate and with potassium permanganate are thus similar for all practical purposes. 0,4 Results in graphical form 0,3 Comparison of calibrations Potassium permanganate / Potassium iodate In line with EN ISO : 2000 Measurement with spectrophotometer 0,2 KJO 3 KMnO 4 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 Chlorine equivalents [mg/l] Page 10 of 13
11 III.2 Comparison of calibrations with potassium permanganate, using reagents for free chlorine from Lovibond and from Hach. s for free chlorine were determined, using potassium permanganate standards. Table 5 : Calibration with potassium permanganate Standard Free Chlorine KMnO 4 Lovibond Hach mg/l Results in graph form : 0,5 0,4 Comparison of calibrations with potassium permanganat Measurement with spectrophotometer 0,3 Lovibond HACH 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 Chlorine equivalents [mg/l] Assessment : The regression calculation results in an intercept of and a slope of If the measured extinctions were fully in line, the figures would be 0 and 1. For all practical purposes, therefore, the calibrations with potassium permanganate are similar for both powder reagents. Page 11 of 13
12 Bibliography : [1] EN ISO : 2000 : "Determination of Free Chlorine and Total Chlorine"; [2] DIN : "Demonstration, Logging & Determination Limits"; May 1986 [3] E DIN : "Equivalence of two Analysis Procedures, based on a Comparison of Analysis results and their Statistical Evaluation; Procedure for Quantitative Characteristics with a Continuous Value Spectrum (A 71)"; INSTITUT FRESENIUS AG Dr. Wolfgang Adolph Dr. Udo Krischke Page 12 of 13
13 Appendix Measurements with a Hach photometer, to check the inter-changeability of Lovibond and Hach reagents Assessment : In practice, both powder reagents tested produced comparable results when used with the Hach photometer. With totally compliant results, the measurement points would lie exactly on the dashed line. Results in graphical form : 2,0 1,5 Direct comparison of powder reagents Free Chlorine Measurement with HACH photometer 2,0 1,5 Direct comparison of powder reagents Total Chlorine Measurement with HACH photometer 1,0 1,0 Hach reagent [mg/l] 0,5 0,0 Hach reagent [mg/l] 0,5 0,0 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 Lovibond reagent [mg/l] 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 Lovibond reagent [mg/l] Page 13 of 13
ALLOWAY METHOD OUTLINE
ALLOWAY METHOD OUTLINE Standard Laboratory Method SM4500-Cl -G Parameter Residual Chlorine & Free Chlorine Method DPD Colorimetric Test Kit Date Issued Originator: Section Supervisor: QA Manager Date:
More informationThe test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption range of the photometer are indicated.
Nitrogen total HR VARIO TT 5-150 mg/l N b) 81 Persulphate Digestion Instrument specific information The test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption
More informationNitrogen total LR VARIO TT mg/l N b) Persulphate Digestion
Nitrogen total LR VARIO TT 0.5-25 mg/l N b) Persulphate Digestion 280 Instrument specific information The test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption
More informationThe test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption range of the photometer are indicated.
Silicate LR VARIO PP 0.05 -.6 mg/l SiO 2 Heteropolyblue 35 SiLr Instrument specific information The test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption
More informationExperiment 1 (Part A): Plotting the Absorption Spectrum of Iron (II) Complex with 1,10- Phenanthroline
Experiment (Part A): Plotting the Absorption Spectrum of Iron (II) Complex with,0- Phenanthroline Background The first step of an analytical spectrophotometric procedure for quantitative determination
More informationChapter 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Chlorine Residual Determination. Section 1: General Section 2: Introduction to Chlorine... 3
Chapter 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chlorine Residual Determination Page Section 1: General... 3 Section 2: Introduction to Chlorine... 3 Section 3: Glossary... 3-4 Section 4: Approved Methods... 4 Section 5:
More informationChlorine, Free and Total, High Range
Chlorine, Free and Total, High Range DOC316.53.01490 USEPA DPD Method 1 Method 10069 (free) 10070 (total) 0.1 to 10.0 mg/l Cl 2 (HR) Powder Pillows Scope and application: For testing higher levels of free
More informationPeracetic Acid (PAA) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 )
Peracetic Acid (PAA) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) DOC316.53.01523 DPD Method Method 10290 0.10 to 10.00 mg/l PAA / 0.05 to 5.00 mg/l H 2 O 2 Powder Pillows Scope and application: For testing peracetic
More informationChromotropic Acid Method Method to 30.0 mg/l NO 3 N (HR) Test N Tube Vials
Nitrate, HR DOC316.53.01068 Chromotropic Acid Method Method 10020 0.2 to 30.0 mg/l NO 3 N (HR) Test N Tube Vials Scope and application: For water and wastewater. Test preparation Instrument-specific information
More informationTetraphenylborate Method Method to 7.0 mg/l K Powder Pillows
Potassium DOC316.53.01127 Tetraphenylborate Method Method 8049 0.1 to 7.0 mg/l K Powder Pillows Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Test preparation Instrument-specific information
More informationPhosphate total HR TT mg/l P b) Phosphomolybdenum Blue
Phosphate total HR TT 1.5-20 mg/l P b) Phosphomolybdenum Blue 318 Instrument specific information The test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption
More informationBio 120 Lab 5: Quantitative Analysis
Bio 120 Lab 5: Quantitative Analysis Remember from the measurement lab, concentration is the amount of a solute, also called an analyte, in a given amount of solution. We need a way to measure the concentration
More informationCadmium Reduction Method Method to 0.50 mg/l NO 3 N (LR) Powder Pillows
Nitrate DOC316.53.01067 Cadmium Reduction Method Method 8192 0.01 to 0.50 mg/l NO 3 N (LR) Powder Pillows Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Test preparation Instrument-specific
More informationINTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL
INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL COI/T.20/Doc. No 19/Rev. 4 2017 ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH Príncipe de Vergara, 154 28002 Madrid España Telef.: +34 915 903 638 Fax: +34 915 631 263 - e-mail: iooc@internationaloliveoil.org
More informationInstrument Sample cell orientation Sample cell DR 6000 DR 3800 DR 2800 DR 2700 DR 1900 DR 5000 DR The fill line is to the right.
Nitrite DOC316.53.01074 USEPA Diazotization Method 1 Method 8507 0.002 to 0.300 mg/l NO 2 N (LR, spectrophotometers) 0.005 to 0.350 mg/l NO 2 N (LR, colorimeters) Scope and application: For water, wastewater
More informationSodium Chloride - Analytical Standard
Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Determination of Arsenic Former numbering: ECSS/CN 312-1982 & ESPA/CN-E-105-1994 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes
More informationChlorine, Free and Total, Low Range
Chlorine, Free and Total, Low Range DOC316.53.01450 USEPA DPD Method 1 Method 8021 (free) 8167 (total) 0.02 to 2.00 mg/l Cl 2 (LR) Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls Scope and application: For testing residual
More informationPhosphate total LR TT mg/l P b) Phosphomolybdenum Blue
Phosphate total LR TT 0.07-3 mg/l P b) Phosphomolybdenum Blue 317 Instrument specific information The test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption
More informationBasic Calibration of UV/ Visible Spectrophotometer
International Journal of Science and Technology Volume 2 No. 3, March, 2013 Basic Calibration of UV/ Visible Spectrophotometer Adeeyinwo, C.E, 1 Okorie, N. N. 2, Idowu, G. O. 3 1,2 Department of Chemistry,
More informationPowder Pillows 0.01 to 0.80 mg/l Al 3+ (colorimeters)
Aluminum DOC316.53.01002 Aluminon Method 1 Method 8012 0.008 to 0.800 mg/l Al 3+ (spectrophotometers) Powder Pillows 0.01 to 0.80 mg/l Al 3+ (colorimeters) Scope and application: For water and wastewater.
More informationChromium, Total. Alkaline Hypobromite Oxidation Method 1 Method to 0.70 mg/l Cr (spectrophotometers) 0.01 to 0.60 mg/l Cr (colorimeters)
Chromium, Total DOC316.53.01034 Alkaline Hypobromite Oxidation Method 1 Method 8024 0.01 to 0.70 mg/l Cr (spectrophotometers) 0.01 to 0.60 mg/l Cr (colorimeters) Scope and application: For water and wastewater.
More informationChlorine, Free and Total, High Range
Chlorine, Free and Total, High Range DOC316.53.01449 USEPA DPD Method 1 Method DPD 0.1 to 8.0 mg/l Cl 2 Powder Pillows Scope and application: For testing residual chlorine and chloramines in water, wastewater,
More information2 SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS
2 SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS 2.1 Introduction Chemical analysis falls into two basic categories: qualitative what is present quantitative how much is present Spectroscopy is capable of both types of analysis,
More informationThe test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption range of the photometer are indicated.
Chlorine L a) 0.02-4.0 mg/l Cl 2 DPD 101 CL6 Instrument specific information The test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption range of the photometer
More informationOrder of a Reaction. Using Labquest and Colorimeter. Teachers Guide
This document is a procedure for determining the order of the reaction between Fe3+ ions and Iodide ions. This document outlines the steps needed to be taken for the set up of the Labquest and the Colorimeter.
More informationAnnex 2 Formaldehyde
Annex 2 Formaldehyde The 2 methods are analytical procedures for the determination of formaldehyde CH2O, PM/Ref. No 17260, and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) C6H12N4, PM/Ref. No 18670, in food simulants
More informationStudies to develop certified reference material to calibrate spectrophotometer in ultraviolet region
Studies to develop certified reference material to calibrate spectrophotometer in ultraviolet region Felipe Carvalho da Conceição, Paulo Paschoal Borges and Juliana Freitas Santos Gomes 2 National Institute
More informationCadmium Reduction Method Method to 30.0 mg/l NO 3 N (HR) Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls
Nitrate DOC316.53.01066 Cadmium Reduction Method Method 8039 0.3 to 30.0 mg/l NO 3 N (HR) Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Test preparation Instrument-specific
More informationCadmium Reduction Method Method to 10.0 mg/l NO 3 N (MR, spectrophotometers) 0.2 to 5.0 mg/l NO 3 N (MR, colorimeters)
Nitrate, MR DOC316.53.01069 Cadmium Reduction Method Method 8171 0.1 to 10.0 mg/l NO 3 N (MR, spectrophotometers) 0.2 to 5.0 mg/l NO 3 N (MR, colorimeters) Scope and application: For water, wastewater
More informationChlorine, Total. USEPA DPD Method 1 Method to mg/l as Cl 2 Chemkey Reagents. Test preparation. Before starting.
Chlorine, Total DOC316.53.01497 USEPA DPD Method 1 Method 10260 0.04 to 10.00 mg/l as Cl 2 Chemkey Reagents Scope and application: For drinking water. This product has not been evaluated to test for chlorine
More informationPowder Pillows 0.01 to 1.60 mg/l SiO 2 (LR, colorimeters)
Silica DOC316.53.01132 Heteropoly Blue Method 1 Method 8186 0.010 to 1.600 mg/l SiO 2 (LR, spectrophotometers) Powder Pillows 0.01 to 1.60 mg/l SiO 2 (LR, colorimeters) Scope and application: For boiler
More informationHach Method Spectrophotometric Measurement of Free Chlorine (Cl 2 ) in Finished Drinking Water
Hach Method 1041 Spectrophotometric Measurement of Free Chlorine (Cl ) in Finished Drinking Water Hach Company Method 1041 Revision 1. November 015 Spectrophotometric Measurement of Free Cl in Finished
More informationBromine 10 T mg/l Br 2 DPD
Bromine 10 T 0.1-3 mg/l Br 2 DPD 78 Instrument specific information The test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption range of the photometer are
More informationSodium Chloride - Analytical Standard
Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Determination of Fluorides Former numbering: ECSS/CN 311-1982 & ESPA/CN-E-110-1994 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes
More informationInstrument Sample cell orientation Sample cell DR 6000 DR 3800 DR 2800 DR 2700 DR 5000 DR The fill line is to the right.
Barium DOC316.53.01315 Turbidimetric Method 1 Method 10251 2 to 100, 20 to 1000, 200 to 10,000 mg/l Ba (spectrophotometers) Powder Pillows 2 to 80, 20 to 800, 200 to 8000 mg/l Ba (colorimeters) Scope and
More informationPhosphate HR T 1-80 mg/l P Vanadomolybdate
Phosphate HR T 1-80 mg/l P Vanadomolybdate 321 Instrument specific information The test can be performed on the following devices. In addition, the required cuvette and the absorption range of the photometer
More informationEppendorf UVette. Instructions for use
Instructions for use Instructions Eppendorf see Fig. Tab. p. p. UVette for use Copyright 2014 Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany. All rights reserved, including graphics and images. No part of this publication
More informationRate law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction Using the Isolation Method
Rate law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction Using the Isolation Method Introduction A common challenge in chemical kinetics is to determine the rate law for a reaction with multiple reactants.
More informationNitrogen, Total Inorganic
Nitrogen, Total Inorganic DOC316.53.01090 Titanium Trichloride Reduction Method Method 10021 0.2 to 25.0 mg/l N Test N Tube Vials Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Test preparation
More informationINSTRUCTION MANUAL. Lowry Assay Kit. Kit for Protein Quantification. (Cat. No )
INSTRUCTION MANUAL Lowry Assay Kit Kit for Protein Quantification (Cat. No. 39236) SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH Carl-Benz-Str. 7 D-69115 Heidelberg Phone +49-6221-138400, Fax +49-6221-1384010 e-mail: info@serva.de
More informationMeasurement uncertainty and legal limits in analytical measurements
UNCERTAINTY Measurement uncertainty and legal limits in analytical measurements MIRELLA BUZOIANU, Reference Materials Laboratory, National Institute of Metrology (INM), Bucharest, Romania 1 Introduction
More informationPhotometer AL250. Scroll Memory (SM) N.I.S.T Traceability. Highlights
Photometer AL250 10 The AL250 models each offer one test method, while the AL250+ units are programmed for a number of different parameters. The units supply accurate, reproducible results very quickly.
More informationSince the publication of the ISO Guide to the Expression
DE SILVA: JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL VOL. 86, NO. 5, 003 1077 SPECIAL GUEST EDITOR SECTION Uncertainty of Analytical Determinations GALAPPATTI M.S. DE SILVA 4, PB Alwis Perera Mawatha, Katubedda, Sri
More informationSuggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises. Topic 16 Unit 55
Suggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises In-text activities Discussion (page 117) Some possible ways for minimizing possible sources of error in the experiment: Add a slight excess
More informationCHLORINE, FREE, Ultra-high Range ( mg/l Cl 2 ) Method 10069
CHLORINE, FREE, Ultra-high Range (0.0 10.0 mg/l Cl 2 ) Method 10069 DPD Method USEPA accepted for reporting drinking water analyses * For testing higher levels of free chlorine (hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite)
More informationSodium Chloride - Analytical Standard
Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Determination of Total Mercury Former numbering: ECSS/CN 312-1982 & ESPA/CN-E-106-1994 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes
More informationSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES for Spectrophotometric Measurement Chl a, Chl b, and Bulk Carotenoids using Methanol Solvent Prepared by EcoAnalysts, Inc. 1420 South Blaine Street, Suite 14 Moscow, ID 83843
More informationValidation of cuvette tests for drinking water analysis
PRACTICE REPORT LABORATORY ANALYSIS CUVETTE TESTS DRINKING WATER Validation of cuvette tests for drinking water analysis In 2007 the IWW (Rheinisch-Westfälische Institut für Wasser Beratungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft
More informationUnderstanding Chlorine Measurement. Rebecca Luedee Environmental Sales
Understanding Chlorine Measurement Rebecca Luedee Environmental Sales Introduction to Chlorine Reaction with Water Forms hydrochloric (HCl) and hypochlorous (HOCl) acids: Cl 2 + H 2 O HOCl + HCl HOCl dissociates
More informationMethod (0.04 to 4.50 mg/l Cl 2 ) Powder Pillows
Chlorine Free, Indophenol, 10241 Indophenol 1 1 Patent pending. DOC316.53.01256 Method 10241 (0.04 to 4.50 mg/l Cl 2 ) Powder Pillows Scope and Application: For determining residual free chlorine levels
More informationPreparation of a Coordination Compound. Step 1 Copy the balanced equation for the preparation of FeC 2 O 4.. 3H2 O from FeC 2 O 4. Mass of watch glass
Student Name Lab Partner Demonstrator Lab Section DATA SHEET Marking scheme Prelab exercise Lab performance Sig figs, units Calculations Crystals Preparation of a Coordination Compound Step 1 Copy the
More informationAIM To verify Beer - Lambert s law and to determine the dissociation constant (Ka) of methyl red, Spectrophotometrically.
C 141(Expt. No. ) NAME : ROLL No. : SIGNATURE : BATCH : DATE : VERIFICATION OF BEER - LAMBERT S LAW & DETERMINATION OF DISSOCIATION CONSTANT (Ka) OF METHYLRED, SPECTROPHOTOMETRICALLY AIM To verify Beer
More informationPersulfate Digestion Method Method to 150 mg/l N (HR) Test N Tube Vials
Nitrogen, Total DOC316.53.01085 Persulfate Digestion Method Method 10072 2 to 150 mg/l N (HR) Test N Tube Vials Scope and application: For water and wastewater. Test preparation Instrument-specific information
More informationPersulfate Digestion Method Method to 25.0 mg/l N (LR) Test N Tube Vials
Nitrogen, Total DOC316.53.01086 Persulfate Digestion Method Method 10071 0.5 to 25.0 mg/l N (LR) Test N Tube Vials Scope and application: For water and wastewater. Test preparation Instrument-specific
More informationMORE LIGHTS, COLOR, ABSORPTION!
Name Partner(s) Section Date MORE LIGHTS, COLOR, ABSORPTION! PRE-LAB QUERIES 1. The terms absorption and transmittance are often used when describing the interaction of light with matter. Explain what
More informationChapter 4: Verification of compendial methods
Chapter 4: Verification of compendial methods Introduction In order to ensure accurate and reliable test results, the quality control laboratory (QCL) needs to use analytical methods (and accompanying
More informationDetermination of Total Bromine and Iodine Emission Spectrometric Method (ICP-OES) EuSalt/AS
Determination of Total Bromine and Iodine Page 2 of 5 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry method
More informationINFORMATION LABORATORY ANALYSIS UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER DR Simply more DR 5000 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
INFORMATION LABORATORY ANALYSIS UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER DR 5000 Simply more DR 5000 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer DR 5000_UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER More than a Photometer The DR 5000 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
More informationScope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Distillation is required for wastewater and seawater.
Nitrogen, Ammonia DOC316.53.01078 USEPA 1 Nessler Method 2 Method 8038 0.02 to 2.50 mg/l NH 3 N Reagent Solution Scope and application: For water, wastewater and seawater. Distillation is required for
More informationVet Photometer DP 700 Operating Manual. Version V5.9
1 Vet Photometer DP 700 Operating Manual Version V5.9 2 Dear customer, Thank you for selecting Diaglobal s Vet Photometer and for the confidence you have placed in us. The Vet Photometer belongs to a new
More informationCHLORINE, TOTAL (0 to 4.00 mg/l)
CHLORINE, TOTAL (0 to 4.00 mg/l) DOC316.53.01261 For water, wastewater, and seawater Method 10250 DPD Method Powder Pillows USEPA accepted for reporting water and wastewater analyses * Note: This product
More informationWater quality Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine. Part 2: Colorimetric method using N,Ndialkyl-1,4-phenylenediamine,
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7393-2 Second edition 2017-12 Water quality Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine Part 2: Colorimetric method using N,Ndialkyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, for routine control
More informationBradford Reagent, 5x
INSTRUCTION MANUAL Bradford Reagent, 5x Reagent for protein quantification (Cat. No. 39222) SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH Carl-Benz-Str. 7 D-69115 HeidelbergPhone +49-6221-138400, Fax +49-6221-1384010 e-mail:
More informationCuvette Test LCK 381 TOC Total organic carbon
Cuvette Test Principle Total carbon () and total inorganic carbon () are converted to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by, respectively, oxidation and acidification. The CO 2 passes from the digestion cuvette through
More informationDR/4000 QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS PROCEDURE. 2. The display will show: 3. Fill a sample cell (the blank) with 25 ml of deionized water.
Method 8337 Powder Pillows DR/4000 TT PROCEDURE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS Direct Binary Complex Method (0 to 5.00 mg/l as CTAB) Scope and Application: For cooling tower and pool/spa water. The estimated
More informationPhosphorus, Total. USEPA 1 PhosVer 3 with Acid Persulfate Digestion Method Method to 3.50 mg/l PO. Test preparation
Phosphorus, Total DOC316.53.01121 USEPA 1 PhosVer 3 with Acid Persulfate Digestion Method Method 8190 0.06 to 3.50 mg/l PO 3 4 (0.02 to 1.10 mg/l P) Test N Tube Vials Scope and application: For water,
More informationCHEM 334 Quantitative Analysis Laboratory
The Methods of Calibration Curve and Standard Addition Introduction One of the principle activities in the Quantitative Analysis Laboratory is the measurement of the concentration or total quantity of
More informationTest 3 Redox and Chemical Analysis
Multiple Choice (0 marks - for each question). Which of the following is a redox reaction? A Mg + HCl MgCl +H B MgO + HCl MgCl +H O C MgCO 3 + HCl MgCl +H O + CO D Mg(OH) + HCl MgCl +H O. During a redox
More informationInstrument Sample cell orientation Sample cell DR 6000 DR 3800 DR 2800 DR 2700 DR 1900 DR 5000 DR The fill line is to the right.
Aluminum DOC316.53.01003 Eriochrome Cyanine R Method 1 Method 8326 0.006 to 0.250 mg/l Al 3+ Powder Pillows Scope and application: For water. 1 Adapted from Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
More informationDevelopment and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Estimation of Diclofenac Sodium Bulk and Tablet Dosage form using Area under Curve Method
21 Article Development and Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Estimation of Diclofenac Sodium Bulk and Tablet Dosage form using Area under Curve Method Mali Audumbar Digambar*, Jadhav Santosh, Mane Pandurang,
More informationCalculation of uncertainty in titrimetry Ivan Špánik
Calculation of uncertainty in titrimetry Ivan Špánik Problem A solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is standardised against a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The NaOH is titrated against the titrimetric
More informationEvaluating Labsphere s new UV-2000
Ciba Grenzach GmbH Optical Spectroscopy Sabrina Siegle Dr. Wolfgang Schlenker Tel. +49 76 24 / 12-28 13 E-mail wolfgang.schlenker@ciba.com May 26, 9 Evaluating Labsphere s new UV- Abstract Labsphere s
More informationChloramine (Mono) and Nitrogen, Free Ammonia
Chloramine (Mono) and Nitrogen, Free Ammonia DOC316.53.01016 Indophenol Method 1 Method 10200 0.04 to 4.50 mg/l Cl 2 0.01 to 0.50 mg/l NH 3 N Powder Pillows Scope and application: For the determination
More informationEXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The present experimentation is carried out on biosorption of chromium and lead from aqueous solutions by biosorbents Ageratum conyzoides leaf and Anacardium occidentale testa powder.
More informationImpact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN:
Impact factor: 3.958/ICV: 4.10 ISSN: 0976-7908 99 Pharma Science Monitor 9(4), Oct-Dec 2018 PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Journal home page: http://www.pharmasm.com
More informationChlorphosphonazo Colorimetric Method Method to 1000 µg/l Ca and Mg as CaCO 3 (ULR) Solution Pillow. Instrument Adapter Sample cell
Hardness DOC316.53.01044 Chlorphosphonazo Colorimetric Method Method 8374 8 to 1000 µg/l Ca and Mg as CaCO 3 (ULR) Solution Pillow Scope and application: For boiler and ultrapure water. Test preparation
More informationINSTRUCTIONS FOR WRITING CIPAC METHODS
INSTRUCTIONS FOR WRITING CIPAC METHODS Introduction CIPAC methods are intended to be used by many people whose native language is not English. Writers of methods should keep this in mind and should use
More informationDR/4000 PROCEDURE. IRON, Total
Method 8365 Powder Pillows DR/4000 PROCEDURE FerroMo Method* (0 to 1.800 mg/l) Scope and Application: For cooling water containing molybdate-based treatment; digestion is required for determining total
More informationDetermination of the Rate of a Reaction, Its Order, and Its Activation Energy
Determination of the Rate of a Reaction, Its Order, and Its Activation Energy Reaction kinetics is defined as the study of the rates of chemical reactions and their mechanisms. Reaction rate is simply
More informationLab Investigation 4 - How could you make more of this dye?
Lab Investigation 4 - How could you make more of this dye? USING SPECTROSCOPY TO DETERMINE SOLUTION CON- CENTRATION Guiding Question How could you make more of this dye? INTRODUCTION A solution is a homogeneous
More informationGentian Canine CRP Immunoassay Application Note for ABX Pentra * 400
v02-jan2014 Gentian Canine CRP Immunoassay Application Note for ABX Pentra * 400 Intended Use The canine CRP immunoassay on Horiba Medical's ABX Pentra 400 is an in vitro diagnostic test for quantitative
More information9. Determination of the solubility product of KIO 4 and an investigation of the common ion effect Student Sheet
9. Determination of the solubility product of KIO 4 and an investigation of the common ion effect Student Sheet This experiment will allow you to calculate a value for K sp, and also to see the common
More informationExp 03 - Reaction Rate
GENERAL CHEMISTRY II CAÑADA COLLEGE SUMMER 2018 Exp 03 - Reaction Rate How the speed at which quantities change during a chemical reaction can be measured, predicted and used to understand the mechanism
More informationSpeedDigester K-436, K-439 Determination of Hydroxyproline in Meat after Acid Hydrolyzation (Photometric method)
053/2010 SpeedDigester K-436, K-439 Determination of Hydroxyproline in Meat after Acid Hydrolyzation (Photometric method) 053/2010 SpeedDigester K-436 / K-439 SHORT NOTE Determination of Hydroxyproline
More informationTitle Revision No date DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS (ARSENIC, CADMIUM, LEAD AND MERCURY) IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS
1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The method describes the determination of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) in cosmetic products. 2. PRINCIPLE Organic matter in sample is digested by
More informationStandard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
4500-NO 2 NITROGEN (NITRITE)*#(1) 4500-NO 2 A. Introduction 1. Occurrence and Significance For a discussion of the chemical characteristics, sources, and effects of nitrite nitrogen, see Section 4500-N.
More information#18 Analysis of Water (Chlorine, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Color)
#18 Analysis of Water (Chlorine, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Color) Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to test water samples for the presence of chlorine, phosphorus, fluoride and color. Introduction:
More informationLab 13.3 Determining K c via Colorimetry
BACKGROUND Most chemical reactions are reversible. They will proceed forward to a point where the products they have formed begin to collide with one another and reform the original reactants. When the
More informationRINCIPLE OF COLORIMETER AND SPECTOPHOTOMETER AND VARIOUS TYPE OF ANALYSER USED IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
RINCIPLE OF COLORIMETER AND SPECTOPHOTOMETER AND VARIOUS TYPE OF ANALYSER USED IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY COLORIMETER What is colorimeter? Colorimetry. Principle of colorimeter. Beer's and Lambert's law.
More informationOptical Sensing for a Changing Planet. Smart Cuvettes!
Optical Sensing for a Changing Planet Smart Cuvettes! phuvettes for optical ph measurements foxyvette for optical po 2 measurements phoxyvettes for both ph and po 2 727.230.1697 727.230.6845 fax info@spectrecology.com
More informationOrganic Carbon, Total (Low Level) (UV Promoted, Persulfate Oxidation) CAS # Total Organic Carbon TOC C
METHOD #: 415.2 (Issued December 1982) TITLE: ANALYTE: INSTRUMENTATION: Organic Carbon, Total (Low Level) (UV Promoted, Persulfate Oxidation) CAS # Total Organic Carbon TOC C 7440-44-0 Carbon Analyzer
More informationExperiment 5: Analysis of Nutrients in Natural Waters CH3600 / ESP 5090: Environmental Chemistry, Plymouth State University
Experiment 5: Analysis of Nutrients in Natural Waters CH3600 / ESP 5090: Environmental Chemistry, Plymouth State University Adapted from "Experiment 3: Analysis of Phosphate in Water," Laboratory Experiments
More informationProcedure for the Determination of Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon
Procedure for the Determination of Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon Overview: Steve Culman, Mark Freeman, Sieglinde Snapp Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, 49060
More informationCHEMISTRY WORKSTATION. The power of proven quality GIVING YOU PEACE OF MIND
CHEMISTRY WORKSTATION The power of proven quality GIVING YOU PEACE OF MIND The new Vitalab Flexor XL extends the excellent reputation of the Flexor family. With over five thousand Flexor installations
More information1,5-Diphenylcarbohydrazide Method* Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls (0 to mg/l Cr 6+ )
DR/4000 PROCEDURE Method 8023 1,5-Diphenylcarbohydrazide Method* Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls (0 to 0.700 mg/l Cr 6+ ) Scope and Application: For water and wastewater;usepa accepted for reporting for
More informationGENERAL PHARMACOPOEIA MONOGRAPH
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION GENERAL PHARMACOPOEIA MONOGRAPH Spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet GPM.1.2.1.1.0003.15 and visible spectral regions Replaces the SPRF X GPM, SPRF XI GPM,
More informationAnalyzing Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Chemistry 30
NAME: Partner: Date: In this investigation, you assume the role of a laboratory technician working in a consumer advocacy laboratory. Your task is to test the concentration claim of a consumer hydrogen
More informationVALIDATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR TOTAL NITROGEN ANALYSIS IN WATER SAMPLES
STUDIA UBB CHEMIA, LXII, 1, 2017 (p. 101-110) (RECOMMENDED CITATION) DOI:10.24193/subbchem.2017.1.08 VALIDATION OF AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR TOTAL NITROGEN ANALYSIS IN WATER SAMPLES ADRIANA MUNTEAN a,
More informationDR/4000 PROCEDURE NITRATE. Using Powder Pillows
DR/4000 PROCEDURE Method 8171 Powder Pillows or AccuVac Ampuls Cadmium Reduction Method MR (0 to 5.0 mg/l NO 3 N) Scope and Application: For water, wastewater and seawater. The estimated detection limit
More informationSpectrophotometric Determination of Ferrocyanide in Effluents
Spectrophotometric Determination of Ferrocyanide in Effluents ECN-0025-1 INTRODUCTION This method is used to determine the concentration of ferrocyanide ion in photoprocessing solution effluents. The ion
More information