The new 11-R (one part of the Mini WRAS) and GRIMM MINI-WRAS Andreas Jaksch. Symposium Stockholm Mai

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1 The new 11-R (one part of the Mini WRAS) and GRIMM MINI-WRAS Andreas Jaksch Symposium Stockholm Mai

2 Outline Optical Particle Detection Method 11-R Main features of the GRIMM 11-R Measurement principle Mini-WRAS Main features of the GRIMM MINI-WRAS Measurement examples Calibration and Validation MINI-WRAS Conclusions Symposium Stockholm Mai

3 Optical Particle Detection Method 11-R Symposium Stockholm Mai

4 Optical Particle Detection Method Grimm optical cell Light source by compact laser diode with multiplex mode, low power consumption and good temperature stability Collimator generates laser curtain with homogeneous optical field Light trap assures low noise due to very low indirect scattering light Symposium Stockholm Mai

5 Optical Particle Detection Method Grimm optical cell Inlet focus particles aerodynamically into optical field, no border zone error Rinsing air circuit and outlet nozzle design assure straight pass through the laser, no vagabonding particles Symposium Stockholm Mai

6 Optical Particle Detection Method Grimm optical cell Fast and robust photo diode detector for 90 scattering light detection Special wide field reflector improves detection limit for small particles and reduces sizing effects by refractive index Symposium Stockholm Mai

7 Optical Particle Detection Method Grimm optical cell 31 size channels, 6 sec. time resolution, PM10, 2.5,1, thoracic, E- and A-fraction Built in 47mm PTFE filter for gravimetric mass validation Symposium Stockholm Mai

8 Optical Particle Detection Method Grimm optical cell Light source by compact laser diode with multiplex mode, low power consumption and good temperature stability Collimator generates laser curtain with homogeneous optical field Light trap assures low noise due to very low indirect scattering light Inlet focus particles aerodynamically into optical field, no border zone error Rinsing air circuit and outlet nozzle design assure straight pass through the laser, no vagabonding particles Fast and robust photo diode detector for 90 scattering light detection Special wide field reflector improves detection limit for small particles and reduces sizing effects by refractive index 31 size channels, 6 sec. time resolution, PM10, 2.5,1, thoracic, E- and A-fraction Built in 47mm PTFE filter for gravimetric mass validation Symposium Stockholm Mai

9 signal [-] Laser Aerosol Spectrometer particle sizing 1,0E+04 1,0E+03 1,0E+02 1,0E+01 1,0E+00 1,0E-01 1,0E-02 1,0E-03 1,0E-04 0, Dp [µm] Grimm data processing Light scattering on single particles for any given signal intensity a well defined particle diameter Symposium Stockholm Mai

10 signal [-] Laser Aerosol Spectrometer particle sizing 1,0E+04 1,0E+03 1,0E+02 1,0E+01 1,0E+00 1,0E-01 1,0E-02 1,0E-03 1,0E-04 0, Grimm data processing Dp [µm] four orders in magnitude in signal intensity two orders in magnitude in size Symposium Stockholm Mai

11 signal [-] Laser Aerosol Spectrometer particle sizing 1,0E+04 1,0E+03 1,0E+02 1,0E+01 1,0E+00 1,0E-01 1,0E-02 1,0E-03 1,0E-04 0, ,25 µm 32 µm Dp [µm] Size range 0,25 32 µm in 31 size channels Symposium Stockholm Mai

12 Main features 11-R Symposium Stockholm Mai

13 Main features 11-R Size range: 0,25 µm to 32 µm Small, portable, tough, battery powered remote controllable via Bluetooth Modern data communication interface Integrated, removable 47 mm PTFE-filter for subsequent gravimetrical and chemical analysis (dual technology) Via software: PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 values in real-time Output of measuring data as particle count (via software: output of the results for occupational health purposes according to the European standard EN 481) Symposium Stockholm Mai

14 Measurement principle Mini-WRAS Symposium Stockholm Mai

15 Mini WRAS Gases, vapors Aerosols Nanoparticles Microparticles Mini WRAS (Wide Range Aerosol Spectrometer) - Size Classifiers Environmental spectrometers (DMA) - Particle Counters Indoor spectrometers (CPC, FCE) - Neutralizers (Am, adbd) - Aerosols Generators (NaCl, Tungsteno) E Mini-LAS 11-R [nm] [μm] Symposium Stockholm Mai

16 Measurement principle Mini-WRAS Physical principle(s) of operation electrical mobility plus optical light scattering (single particle counter) 1: NanoSizer Unipolar diffusion charger with time multiplexed electrode and faraday cup electrometer 2: Aerosol Spectrometer Measuring cell with light generator and receiver module Measured physical quantities primary particle size distribution, total number concentration secondary surface and volume distribution, total surface and total volume mass fractions: PM10, PM2,5, PM1 and inhalable, thoracic, alveolic Symposium Stockholm Mai

17 NanoSizer The electrical sensor consists of 3 main elements: an unipolar electrical diffusion charger a time multiplexed electrode (deposition of particles) and a faraday cup electrometer Symposium Stockholm Mai

Unipolar diffusion charger inlet aerosol particle GND grid high voltage corona gas ions The gas ions produced by the corona are accelerated towards a grid.

18 Unipolar diffusion charger inlet aerosol particle GND grid high voltage corona gas ions The gas ions produced by the corona are accelerated towards a grid. The grid-voltage allows a small amount of ions to pass the grid. The ions move towards the surrounding concentric Ground-Electrode, where some of them diffuse onto particles and charge them. Symposium Stockholm Mai

Multiplexed electrode The charged aerosols enter a section, consisting of a round-shaped outer wall which is at electrical Potential (GND) and a concentric conductivity

19 Multiplexed electrode The charged aerosols enter a section, consisting of a round-shaped outer wall which is at electrical Potential (GND) and a concentric conductivity electrode which operates at different voltages: As higher the voltage as more particles are removed, depending on their electrical mobility. Symposium Stockholm Mai

20 Multiplexed electrode The deposition of the particles at the multiplexed electrode is a function of the particle diameter, the charge of the particle, the aerosol flow, the length and the diameters of the electrode and on the electrode voltage. By changing the voltage, a certain amount of particles is extracted from the aerosol flow. As higher the electrical mobility of the particles (smaller diameter or higher charged) as higher is the amount of particles that will deposit on the outer electrode. Only particles with an electrical mobility less than a certain limit value will pass the electrode and are measured with a Faraday cup electrometer. Symposium Stockholm Mai

21 GRIMM NanoSizer The NanoSizer measures 10 different currents (each 6 s) that results in a scan time of 1 minute. The voltage of the electrode can be changed from 2 V to 320 V. With these 10 currents it is possible to determine the particle number concentrations for 10 size channels. At the beginning of a measurement a zero scan is done to measure the offset current. Symposium Stockholm Mai

22 Aerosol Spectrometer The optical particle counter measures the size distribution from 200 nm to 35 µm in 30 size channels. The intensity of the scattered light is used for the determination of the particle size (single particle counting). For each size channel the particle number is measured. Therefore the volume flow (1,2 l/min) is controlled with the pressure drop at an orifice. Under the estimation of spherical particles the mass distribution will be calculated. From the mass distribution PM10, PM2,5, PM1 and also Inhalable, Thoracic and Alveolic fractions will be calculated. Symposium Stockholm Mai

23 Main features Mini-WRAS Symposium Stockholm Mai

Main features Mini-WRAS Size range: 10 nm to 35 µm Size resolution: 40 size channels Time resolution: 60 seconds for a complete scan No consumables Full remote control via

24 Main features Mini-WRAS Size range: 10 nm to 35 µm Size resolution: 40 size channels Time resolution: 60 seconds for a complete scan No consumables Full remote control via Bluetooth, and battery operation (> 8 h) stand alone and portable device easy to use (with and without tablet or PC) fully remote control via Bluetooth Symposium Stockholm Mai

25 Measurement results Symposium Stockholm Mai

26 Online overview All informations are online available with one overview Symposium Stockholm Mai

27 Total number concentration Symposium Stockholm Mai

28 PM values: time plot Symposium Stockholm Mai

29 Particle number distribution Single mode distribution Symposium Stockholm Mai

30 Particle mass distribution Symposium Stockholm Mai

31 Calibration & Validation Symposium Stockholm Mai

(NaCl) in comparison to the reference SMPS GRIMM

32 Calibration of the Nanosizer Set-up The Nanosizer has to be calibrated with monodispers aerosols (NaCl) in comparison to the reference SMPS GRIMM MINI-WRAS Reference SMPS Symposium Stockholm Mai

33 Validation with SMPS as reference Symposium Stockholm Mai

34 Performance proven The GRIMM MINI-WRAS has proven the performance at: a) NANODEVICE EU project b) Round robin tests (Nano-Test-Center, IGF) c) Internal GRIMM measurements and feasibility studies d) Customer demonstrations Symposium Stockholm Mai

35 Conclusions The new GRIMM MINI-WRAS is a combination of the GRIMM NanoSizer and an aerosol spectrometer. It measures particles from 10 nm to 25 µm in 40 size channels. The minimum time resolution of one scan is only 60 s. The system is light, compact and does not need butanol or a radioactive source (in comparison to SMPS + CPC). Symposium Stockholm Mai

36 Thank you very much for your attention Symposium Stockholm Mai

New Instruments from GRIMM

New Instruments from GRIMM Markus Pesch Symposium at Stockholm, 01.11.2016 1 Outline Motivation for new Aerosol measurement devices Objectives for measurements of particle number and sizes GRIMM EDM 665