FAPESP WEEK NEBRASKA-TEXAS Applications of High Intensity Lasers
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1 FAPESP WEEK NEBRASKA-TEXAS Applications of High Intensity Lasers IPEN Nuclear and Energy Research Institute São Paulo, Brazil
2 Laser Intensity Evolution High Intensity I c >10 19 W/cm 2 Chirped Pulse Amplification Broad Band Solid State Lasers (Ti:Sapphire) T 3 systems
3 There are three T 3 Ti:Sapphire Systems at IPEN n (open system) 30 GW, 50 fs, 1 khz@790 nm - Odin n 30 GW@25 fs (60 GW@ 5 fs), 4 khz@785 nm - Femtopower, n 10 GW, 30 fs, 10 kz integrated into a x-y-z system These systems have intensities smaller than W/cm 2 Laser Intensities in the range of Partial to total Ionization
4 Keldysh Model for ionization W/cm 2 < Intensity < W/cm 2 Multiphoton tunneling (barrier supression) For I W/cm 2 suppression of the Barrier leads to full ionization. Energy level Energy level The oscillating field strength is ~ W/cm 2
5 I ~ W/cm 2 Plasma Plasma = ionization, recombination and emission Optics & Photonics News Photo winner - Calendar 2010
6 Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy - LIBS Macronutrients in plants: P, K, Ca and Mg. Analogous to analy,cal methods but SIMPLER! Potassium Grant 04/ Evaluation of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the determination of macronutrients in plant materials, Spectrochimica Acta Part b, 63 (2008)
7 Dental AMALGAM Spectra of Metallic elements like silver, mercury, copper and tin emission lines metals diffuse into the dentin by the same mechanism. This diffusion mechanism is mainly through liquid dragging inside the dentin tubules. The femtosecond-libs system can detect the presence of metals in the dental tissue, among the tooth constituent elements (100 µm); Mercury Amalgam Diffusion in Human Teeth Probed Using Femtosecond LIBS, Applied Spectroscopy, Volume: 71 issue: 4, page(s): , 2017
8 Color center formation in LiF Band Gap / lattice area ~ 1 mj/cm 2 COURROL, L C ; SAMAD, R. E. ; GOMES, L ; RANIERI, I M ; BALDOCHI, S L ; FREITAS, A Z ; MORATO, S P ; VIEIRA Jr., N. D.. Laser Physics v. 16, n.2, p , 2006.
9 Color Centers presente energy levels in the energy gap of dielectrics Color centers are usually formed by ionizing radiation (Electrons, gamma rays, ions) e - e - e - e - F F 2 F 2 + F 3 + e - e - stable Samad, R. E. ; Courrol, L. C. ; Gomes, L. ; Ranieri, I. M. ; Baldochi, S. L. ; Freitas, A. Z. ; Vieira Jr., N. D.. Journal of Physics. Conference Series (Online), v. 249, p , 2010
10 Solid Material Processing When fs laser is focused in the surface of a solid: Material atoms are ionized; Electrons leave the material; Remaining cations repel themselves => Coulomb explosion; Very short Time scale: fs to ps and Precise boundary (low HAZ) precise ablation threshold intensity
11 Method for Ablation Threshold determination D-Scan technique Samad. R. E. ; Vieira Jr., N. D., Geometrical Method for Determining the Surface Damage Threshold for Femtosecond Laser Pulses. Laser Physics, v. 16, n.2, p , 2006.
12 Damage Threshold Determination LiSAlF 6 F th (20ps) = 1,5J/cm 2 Samad, R.E.. ; Vieira Jr., N. D.. Geometrical Method for Determining the Surface Damage Threshold for Femtosecond Laser Pulses. Laser Physics, v. 16, n.2, p , 2006.
13 Ablation Threshold dependece on the pulses superposition Different tracks for Different superpositions
14 Ablation Threshold dependence on the pulses superposition Incubation (BK7) L. M. Machado, R. E. Samad, W. de Rossi, and N. D. Vieira Junior, "D-scan measurement of ablation threshold incubation effects for ultrashort laser pulses, " Opt. Expr. 20, (2012)
15 Cavity preparations Tooth (hydroxyapatite) ablation few ng/pulse, depth of few nm/pulse, low threshold (0,6J/cm 2 )
16 IRRADIATION OF GRAPHITE - Extreme conditions (Cooperation with Brazilian Synchrotron Radiation Lab.) Micrometer scale Morphological changes I= W/cm 2 I I= W/cm 2 F. C. B. Maia et al., Scientific Reports 5, (2015)
17 Micro Raman Spectroscopy Electron Difraction Diamond finger print
18 Microchannel etched in glass by ultrashort pulses 100 µm 200 µm Machado, L M, Samad, R E ;de Rossi, W, Vieira Jr., N. D., D-Scan Measurements of ablation threshold incubation effects for ultrashort laser pulses, Optics Express, 20, ( 2012)
19 Laser Processing Center-fs Texturization Titanium Grant 13/ khz, 30 fs, P = 2 W, Peak Power = 10 GW, 20 fs
20 Microchannel etched in glass by ultrahort pulses
21 Microfluidic circuit
22 Microfluidic Circuit Assembly LAB on a Chip Injection Sistem Detail of assembly valve conector Micro reactor full assembly Elisa test
23 n Application: Radiopharmaceutical Sinthesis 16 phases Incorporation of 18 F in the glicose molecule - FDG Routinelly produced Eficciency: ~ 30 % Time~50 min. Microfluidic technique Efficiency ~ 60 a 70% Time ~25 min
24 Femtosecond laser ablation on burned skin: A proposal for clinical approach OCT Images burned areas (In vivo) d-1 d-8 Day post burn injury 0 4 8
25 Gases/plasmas
26 Vacuum Experimental Chamber For Harmonic Generation Jet nozzle
27 plasma Jet nozzle
28 Perturbative Harmonic Generaton in Argon ~10 12 W/cm 2
29 Ionization HHG generation (P.B. Corkum, PRL, 71, , 1993) n Three step model 1. Electron is photoionized (multiphoton or tunneling process); 2. free e - is in the neighborhood of the ion and adcquires kinetic energy; 3. e - recombines with the ion, generating HH.
30 High Harmonic Generation Odd HHG plateau Cut-off E ~ I P U P
31 The bandwidth of the 15th harmonic Supports a duration Smaller than 1 fs Pressure dependence 31
32 Up-graded System Hibryd ½ TW Laser System Cr: LiSAF Laser Rod and Pumping cavity Grant 00/
33 Hybrid nm 10 Hz, 30 mj, 60 fs A 5 Hz flashlamp pumped Cr : LiSAF multipass amplifier for ultrashort pulses, (Samad, R. E. ; Nogueira, G. E. C. ; Baldochi, S. L.; Vieira, N. D., Jr. JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS, 2008, 10, DOI: / /10/10/104010
34 Components of a T 3 - hybrid system 30 mj, 60 fs, 5 Hz Cr. LiSAF) amplifier A 5 Hz flashlamp pumped Cr:LiSAF multipass amplifier for ultrashort pulses, Journal of Optics. A, Pure and Applied Optics, v. 10, p , Samad, Nogueira, Baldochi and Vieira
35 Increase intensity Increase accelerating Field Increase electrons Kinetic energy Increase protons kinetic energy Next Steps PetaWatt Systems ~100 MeV Table Top Nuclear Reactions New Interaction regimes bubble model, new plasma conditions, Table taop systems level Protonteraphy
36 My colleagues working with H.I.L. at IPEN: Ricardo E. Samad Wagner de Rossi Edison P. Maldonado Pos Docs: Thiago da Silva Cordeiro Many other collaborators mentioned along the presentation
37 Thank you for your attention Aknowledgments: BRASIL Serviços Participe Acesso à informaçã o Legislaçã o Canais
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