CH1810-Lecture #8 Chemical Equilibrium: LeChatlier s Principle and Calculations with K eq
|
|
- Geraldine Chandler
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CH1810-Lecture #8 Chemical Equilibrium: LeChatlier s Principle and Calculations with K eq
2 LeChatlier s Principle A system at equilibrium responds to a stress in such a way that it relieves that stress. At equilibrium, the concentration of all reactants and products remain the same. If conditions change, concentrations of all components will change until equilibrium is re-established Factors that will change the relative rates of forward/reverse reactions, or change the value of Q compared to K, will cause a shift in the position of equilibrium.
3 Concentration Stress Adding a reactant will decrease the amount of other reactants and increase the amount of products until a new equilibrium is reached. Removing a product will decrease the amount of other products and reactants until a new equilibrium is reached.
4 A + B C + D Add A A + B C + D Equilibrium Adjusts A + B C + D
5 Concentration Stress A + B C + D Remove C A + B C + D Equilibrium Adjusts A + B C + D Equilibrium shifts toward the side with removed chemicals.
6 Effects of Pressure and Volume For a gas phase reaction, increasing the pressure (or decreasing the volume) shifts the equilibrium in the direction toward the production of fewer gas particles.
7 Effects of Pressure and Volume Consider the equilibrium: 2 NO2(g) N2O4(g) Changing volumes will change partial pressures, change Q relative to K. For example, a decrease volume by factor of 2 will increase partial pressure by 2. Q < K, reaction shifts right toward products
8 Effects of Pressure and Volume When volume increases, the equilibrium shifts to the side with more gas molecules. When volume decreases, the equilibrium shifts to the side with fewer gas molecules.
9 Effects of Pressure and Volume Decreasing the size of a container increases the concentration of all the gases in the container. The total pressure in the container will increase. According to LeChatlier s Principle, the equilibrium should shift to relieve the stress. The equilibrium shifts to decrease the pressure by reducing the number of gas molecules in the container.
10 Effects of Pressure and Volume An example of a gaseous reaction not influenced by volume of the container: H2 + Cl2 2 HCl An example of a gaseous reaction influenced by volume of the container: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O
11 Effect of Temperature Exothermic reactions release heat energy and endothermic reactions absorb heat energy. We can write HEAT as product or reactant in a chemical reaction: A + B C + D + HEAT An exothermic reaction HEAT + A + B C + D An endothermic reaction Adding HEAT to an equilibrium, therefore, will shift an equilibrium in the same manner as changing the amount of a product or reactant. Keep in mind, CHANGING TEMPERATURE CHANGES THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT!!
12 Effect of Temperature An endothermic reaction HEAT ENERGY+
13 Effect of Temperature N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) + HEAT H = -92 kj/mol (at 450ºC)
14 Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Yield of Ammonia N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) H = -92 kj/mol (at 450ºC)
15 COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) H = -92 kj/mol (at 450ºC)
16 6) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 HI (g) What happens when the volume is increased? a) Reaction shifts right b) Reaction shifts left c) There is no effect d) Can t tell
17 7) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium: + energy 2 KClO3 (s) 2 KCl (s) + 3 O2 (g) ΔH < 0 What happens when the reaction mixture is heated? a) Reaction shifts right b) Reaction shifts left c) There is no effect d) Can t tell
18 8) Given the following reaction, how could you increase the concentration of products? N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) ΔH + energy = kj a) Increase volume, add N2, or increase temperature b) Increase volume, add N2, or decrease temperature c) Decrease volume, add N2, or decrease temperature d) Decrease volume, remove N2, or decrease temperature e) Decrease volume, remove N2, or increase temperature
19 Effect of Catalysts Catalysts provide an alternative, more efficient mechanism for a reaction. Catalysts work for both forward and reverse reactions. Catalysts affect the rate of both forward and reverse reactions by the same factor. Catalysts do not affect the position of equilibrium.
20 Effect of Catalysts Systems reach equilibrium faster in a catalyzed reaction, but there is no change in K or position of equilibrium.
21 Calculations Based on Keq
22 1) Consider the following reaction: Cl2 (g) + PCl3 (g) PCl5 (g) Kp = 24.2 If a sealed container contains initially only PCl5 with a pressure of 1.35 atm, determine the equilibrium partial pressures of all three components. Write the reverse reaction, calculate Kp for the reverse reaction, make a RICE table, and determine the pressures. PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) Kp = Kp -1 = R PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) I C - x + x + x E x x x
23 [PCl 3 ] [Cl 2 ] Kp = = [PCl 5 ] [x] [x] [1.35-x] = [x 2 ] [1.35-x] = [x 2 ] = x [x 2 ] x = 0 x = ± (4)(1)(0.0558) x = x = = atm = atm
24 PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) Kp = Kp -1 = R PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) I C E x + x + x atm -x x atm x atm Kp = [0.215] [0.215] [1.13] =
25 PCl5 (g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) Kp = Kp -1 = [x 2 ] [1.35-x] = [PCl5] = 1.35 atm assuming x <<< 1.35 x = [x 2 ] [1.35] = x = error = 20 %
26 2) Consider the following reaction: Cl2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2 BrCl (g) Kp = 4.7 x 10-2 If a sealed container contains initially only Cl2 and Br2,each at a prressure of atm, determine the equilibrium partial pressures of all three components. Cl2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2 BrCl (g) Kp = = 4.7 x 10-2 [BrCl] 2 [Cl 2 ][Br 2 ] R I C Cl2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2 BrCl (g) x - x + 2x E x x 2x
27 [BrCl] 2 Kp = = [Cl 2 ][Br 2 ] [2x] 2 [0.100-x] 2 = 4.7 x 10-2 [4x 2 ] = 4.7 x [0.100-x] [4x 2 ] = 4.7 x [0.100-x] [2x] [0.100-x] = or x = x = or 2x = atm
28 2) Consider the following reaction: Cl2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2 BrCl (g) Kp = 4.7 x 10-2 If a sealed container contains initially only Cl2 and Br2, each at a prressure of atm, determine the equilibrium partial pressures of all three components. Cl2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2 BrCl (g) Kp = = 4.7 x 10-2 [BrCl] 2 [Cl 2 ][Br 2 ] R I C Cl2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2 BrCl (g) E
29 Cl2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2 BrCl (g) Kp = 4.7 x 10-2 [2x] [0.100-x] = [Cl2], [Br2] = atm assuming x <<< x = [2x] [0.100] = x = error = 56%
30 3) Consider the following reaction: 2 ICl(g) Cl2 (g) + I2 (g) Kp = 1.4 x 10-5 If a sealed container contains initially only ICl, at a pressure of 1.37 atm, determine the equilibrium partial pressures of all three components. 2 ICl(g) Cl2 (g) + I2 (g) Kp = = 1.4 x 10-5 [Cl 2 ][Br 2 ] [ICl] 2 R I C 2 ICl (g) Cl2 (g) + 2 I2 (g) x + ½ x + ½ x E x ½ x ½ x
31 [I 2 ][Cl 2 ] Kp = = [ICl] 2 [x/2] 2 [1.37-x] 2 = 1.4 x 10-5 x 2 (4)[1.37-x] 2 = 1.4 x 10-5 assuming x <<< 1.37 x 2 (4)(1.37) 2 = 1.4 x 10-5 x 2 = 1.05 x 10-4 x = 1.02 x 10-2 ½ x = 5.1 x x = 1.36
32 3) Consider the following reaction: 2 ICl(g) Cl2 (g) + I2 (g) Kp = 1.4 x 10-5 If a sealed container contains initially only ICl, at a prressure of 1.37 atm, determine the equilibrium partial pressures of all three components. 2 ICl(g) Cl2 (g) + I2 (g) Kp = = 1.4 x 10-5 [Cl 2 ][Br 2 ] [ICl] 2 R I C 2 ICl (g) Cl2 (g) + 2 I2 (g) E
33 2 ICl(g) Cl2 (g) + I2 (g) Kp = 1.4 x 10-5 [ICl] = 1.37 atm x = [x/2] 2 [1.37-x] 2 = 1.4 x 10-5 do not assume x <<< 1.37 use quadratic formula x = error = 6 %
Chemical Equilibrium: Ch Dynamic Equilibrium. Dynamic Equilibrium. Three Approaches to Equilibrium The Equilibrium Constant Expression
Chemical Equilibrium: Ch. 15 15-1 Dynamic Equilibrium 15- The Equilibrium Constant Expression 15- Relationships Involving Equilibrium Constants 15-4 The Magnitude of an Equilibrium Constant 15-5 The Reaction
More informationCollision Theory. Unit 12: Chapter 18. Reaction Rates. Activation Energy. Reversible Reactions. Reversible Reactions. Reaction Rates and Equilibrium
Collision Theory For reactions to occur collisions between particles must have Unit 12: Chapter 18 Reaction Rates and Equilibrium the proper orientation enough kinetic energy See Both In Action 1 2 Activation
More informationEquilibrium & Reaction Rate
Equilibrium & Reaction Rate 1. One of the important reactions in coal gasification is the catalytic methanation reaction: CO(g) + H (g) H O(g) + CH 4 (g) H 06 kj a) Predict the direction in which this
More information3. A forward reaction has an activation energy of 50 kj and a H of 100 kj. The PE. diagram, which describes this reaction, is
Kinetics Quiz 4 Potential Energy Diagrams 1. A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by A. Increasing the concentration of the reactant(s) B. Decreasing the concentration of the reactant(s) C. Increasing
More informationPractice Test F.1 (pg 1 of 7) Unit F - General Equilibrium Kp and Kc Name Per
Practice Test F. (pg of 7) Unit F - General Equilibrium Kp and Kc Name Per This is practice - Do NOT cheat yourself of finding out what you are capable of doing. Be sure you follow the testing conditions
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Forward Rxn: A + B C + D Reverse Rxn: A + B C + D Written as: A + B C + D OR A + B C + D A reversible reaction has both an endothermic rxn and an exothermic rxn Reactants Exothermic
More informationAP CHEMISTRY NOTES 8-1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM: AN INTRODUCTION
AP CHEMISTRY NOTES 8-1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM: AN INTRODUCTION Chemical Equilibrium a dynamic state in which the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the reverse reaction in a system are equal (the
More informationUNIT II - REVIEW EQUILIBRIA. Part I - Multiple Choice. 1. In which of the following does the entropy decrease?
CHEMISTRY 12 UNIT II - REVIEW EQUILIBRIA Part I - Multiple Choice 1. In which of the following does the entropy decrease? A. NaCl (s) Na + (aq) + Cl (aq) B. 4 NO (g) + 6 H 2 O (g) 4 NH 3 (g) + 5 O 2 (g)
More informationThe Equilibrium State. Chapter 13 - Chemical Equilibrium. The Equilibrium State. Equilibrium is Dynamic! 5/29/2012
Chapter 13 - Chemical Equilibrium The Equilibrium State Not all chemical reactions go to completion; instead they attain a state of equilibrium. When you hear equilibrium, what do you think of? Example:
More information1. Describe the changes in reactant and product concentration as equilibrium is approached.
Web Review 1. Describe the changes in reactant and product concentration as equilibrium is approached. 2. Describe the changes in the forward and the reverse rates as equilibrium is approached. 3. State
More informationCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. I. Multiple Choice 15 marks. 1. Reactions that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions are said to be:
Name: Unit Test CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Date: _ 50 marks total I. Multiple Choice 15 marks 1. Reactions that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions are said to be: A. complete B. reversible
More informationEQUILIBRIA. e Q = a D B
I. Basis of Equilibrium. A. Q and equilibrium. EQUILIBRIA 1. Consider the general reaction bb + cc dd + ee a. Αs time elapses, [B] and [C] decrease causing the rate of the forward reaction to decrease.
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium What is equilibrium? Expressions for equilibrium constants, K eq ; Calculating K eq using equilibrium concentrations; Factors that affect equilibrium; Le Chatelier s Principle What
More informationCHEM Dr. Babb s Sections Lecture Problem Sheets
CHEM 116 - Dr. Babb s Sections Lecture Problem Sheets Kinetics: Integrated Form of Rate Law 61. Give the integrated form of a zeroth order reaction. Define the half-life and find the halflife for a general
More informationCHEM 1423 Chapter 17 Homework Questions TEXTBOOK HOMEWORK
CHEM 1423 Chapter 17 Homework Questions TEXTBOOK HOMEWORK 17.29 At 425 o C, Kp = 4.18x10-9 for the reaction 2HBr(g) H 2 (g) + Br 2 (g) In one experiment, 0.20 atm of HBr(g), 0.010 atm of H 2 (g), and 0.010
More informationUNIT 8 KINETICS & EQ: NOTE & PRACTICE PACKET
UNIT 8 KINETICS & EQ: NOTE & PRACTICE PACKET 1 2 Lesson 1: Kinetics = study of the RATE or SPEED at which REACTIONS occur A REACTION is the Reaction Mechanism = STEP BY STEP PROCESS needed to make a product;
More informationWorksheet 21 - Le Chatelier's Principle
Worksheet 21 - Le Chatelier's Principle Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will adjust, to partially offset the stress and will reach a new
More information1.6 Chemical equilibria and Le Chatelier s principle
1.6 Chemical equilibria and Le Chatelier s principle Reversible reactions: Consider the reaction: Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g) The reaction stops when all of the limiting reagent has been used up.
More informationChemical Equilibrium. Chapter
Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 14 14.1-14.5 Equilibrium Equilibrium is a state in which there are no observable changes as time goes by. Chemical equilibrium is achieved when: 1.) the rates of the forward
More informationa) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K eq
Chemistry 12 K eq Calculations Worksheet Name: Date: Block: 1. Given the equilibrium equation below: A 2(g) + B 2(g) 2AB (g) If, at equilibrium, the concentrations are as follows: [A 2] = 3.45 M, [B 2]
More informationc) Explain the observations in terms of the DYNAMIC NATURE of the equilibrium system.
Chemical Equilibrium - Part A: 1. At 25 o C and 101.3 kpa one mole of hydrogen gas and one mol of chlorine gas are reacted in a stoppered reaction vessel. After a certain time, three gases are detected
More informationCalculations Involving the Equilibrium Constant K eq )
Calculations Involving the Equilibrium Constant K eq ) 1. Given the equilibrium equation below: A 2(g) + B 2(g) 2AB (g) If, at equilibrium, the concentrations are as follows: [A 2 ] = 3.45 M, [B 2 ] =
More informationChemical Equilibrium. Professor Bice Martincigh. Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium by Professor Bice Martincigh Equilibrium involves reversible reactions Some reactions appear to go only in one direction are said to go to completion. indicated by All reactions are
More informationCHEMISTRY XL-14A CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA. August 20, 2011 Robert Iafe
CHEMISTRY XL-14A CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA August 20, 2011 Robert Iafe Unit Overview 2 Reactions at Equilibrium Equilibrium Calculations Le Châtelier s Principle Catalysts Reactions at Equilibrium 3 Reversibility
More informationUNIT 9: KINETICS & EQUILIBRIUM. Essential Question: What mechanisms affect the rates of reactions and equilibrium?
UNIT 9: KINETICS & EQUILIBRIUM Essential Question: What mechanisms affect the rates of reactions and equilibrium? What is Kinetics? Kinetics is the branch of chemistry that explains the rates of chemical
More informationChapter 15 Chemical Equilibrium
Equilibrium To be in equilibrium is to be in a state of balance: Chapter 15 Chemical Equilibrium - Static Equilibrium (nothing happens; e.g. a tug of war). - Dynamic Equilibrium (lots of things happen,
More information6. Which will react faster: Magnesium and 2M hydrochloric acid, or Magnesium and 0.5M hydrochloric acid?
REACTION RATES WORKSHEET WS#1 1. Identify the three components of collision theory. What are the three factors that must be true for a collision to be successful? a. b. c. 2. Do all collisions result in
More informationChemical reactions with large K c (also K p) effectively go 100% to products.
th 7 Homework: Reading, M&F, ch. 13, pp. 506-524 (applications of equilibrium constants, Le Chatelier s Principle). Problems: Nakon, ch. 17, #9, 10, 12-15, 17, 24, 34; M&F, ch. 13, #41, 42, 44, 49, 51,
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Saturday X-tra X-Sheet: 17 Key Concepts Chemical Equilibrium This lesson focuses on the following: Terminologies used in chemical equilibrium Representation of chemical equilibrium using graphs The Equilibrium
More information8. A piece of Mg(s) ribbon is held in a Bunsen burner flame and begins to burn according to the equation: 2Mg(s) + O2 (g) 2MgO(s).
1. Which event must always occur for a chemical reaction to take place? A) formation of a precipitate B) formation of a gas C) effective collisions between reacting particles D) addition of a catalyst
More informationEnergy Changes, Reaction Rates and Equilibrium. Thermodynamics: study of energy, work and heat. Kinetic energy: energy of motion
Energy Changes, Reaction Rates and Equilibrium Thermodynamics: study of energy, work and heat Kinetic energy: energy of motion Potential energy: energy of position, stored energy Chemical reactions involve
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Concept of Equilibrium Equilibrium Constant Equilibrium expressions Applications of equilibrium constants Le Chatelier s Principle The Concept of Equilibrium The decomposition of N
More informationSection 10. Rates of Reactions Goal: Learn how temperature, concentration, and catalysts affect the rate of reaction. Summary
Chapter 10 Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium Section 10. Rates of Reactions Goal: Learn how temperature, concentration, and catalysts affect the rate of reaction. Summary The rate of a reaction is
More informationChemical Equilibrium Practice Problems #2
Chemical Equilibrium Practice Problems #2 2-20-2015 1. A CPHS student does an equilibrium experiment with the general chemical equation and derives the 2 graphs below: A = B: a. When at equilibrium is
More informationC h a p t e r 13. Chemical Equilibrium
C h a p t e r 13 Chemical Equilibrium Chemical equilibrium is achieved when: the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant
More informationKc is calculated for homogeneous reactions using the concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium:
Chemical Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium A dynamic equilibrium exists in a closed system when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. When a dynamic equilibrium is
More information15.1 The Concept of Equilibrium
Lecture Presentation Chapter 15 Chemical Yonsei University 15.1 The Concept of N 2 O 4 (g) 2NO 2 (g) 2 Chemical equilibrium occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at the same rate. The
More information3. Indicate the mass action expression for the following reaction: 2X(g) + Y(g) 3W(g) + V(g) a) [X] 2 [Y][W] 3 [V] [W] 3 [V] [X] 2 [Y] [3W][V] [2X][Y]
1. Which of the following statements concerning equilibrium is not true? a) A system that is disturbed from an equilibrium condition responds in a manner to restore equilibrium. b) Equilibrium in molecular
More informationANSWERS: UNIT 3 EQUILIBRIUM I
ANSWERS: UNIT 3 EQUILIBRIUM I 1. a) [NaOH] = 4.00 g/40 g/mol / 0.10 L ii) [CaCl 2 ] = 16.0 g/111 g/mol / 0.250 L = 1.00 M = 0.577 M iii) [KOH] = 14.0 g/56 g/mol / 0.075 L iv) [H 2 C 2 O 4 ] = 6.75 g/90
More informationCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA. Dynamic Equilibrium Equilibrium involves reversible reactions which do not go to completion.
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA Dynamic Equilibrium Equilibrium involves reversible reactions which do not go to completion. If we consider a reaction between A and B to form C and D which is reversible. When A and
More informationName AP CHEM / / Collected AP Exam Essay Answers for Chapter 16
Name AP CHEM / / Collected AP Exam Essay Answers for Chapter 16 1980 - #7 (a) State the physical significance of entropy. Entropy (S) is a measure of randomness or disorder in a system. (b) From each of
More information(i.e., equilibrium is established) leads to: K = k 1
CHEMISTRY 104 Help Sheet #8 Chapter 12 Equilibrium Do the topics appropriate for your lecture http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/clc (Resource page) Prepared by Dr. Tony Jacob Nuggets: Equilibrium Constant
More informationReaction Rate. Products form rapidly. Products form over a long period of time. Precipitation reaction or explosion
Reaction Rate Products form rapidly Precipitation reaction or explosion Products form over a long period of time Corrosion or decay of organic material Chemical Kinetics Study of the rate at which a reaction
More informationAP* Thermodynamics Free Response Questions page 1. Essay Questions
AP* Thermodynamics Free Response Questions page 1 Essay Questions 1991 The reaction represented above is a reversible reaction. BCl 3 (g) + NH 3 (g) Cl 3 BNH 3 (s) (a) Predict the sign of the entropy change,
More informationChemical Equilibrium - Chapter 15
Chemical Equilibrium - Chapter 15 1. Dynamic Equilibrium a A + b B c C + d D At Equilibrium: Reaction is proceeding in both directions at the same rate. There is no net change in concentrations of reactants
More informationQuadratic Equation: ax 2 + bx + c = 0
Exam # Key (last) (First-Name) Signature Exam 2 General Chemistry 201. May 12, 2009 No credit will be given for correct numerical answers without a clear indication of how they were obtained. Show all
More informationEquilibrium and Reaction Rate
Equilibrium and Reaction Rate Multiple Choice Questions - Answers 1. Activation energy could be considered as the minimum energy required to do which of these? A. change the orientation of the reactant
More informationCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. Chapter 15
Chapter 15 P a g e 1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Examples of Dynamic Equilibrium Vapor above a liquid is in equilibrium with the liquid phase. rate of evaporation = rate of condensation Saturated solutions rate
More informationEquilibrium Multiple Choice
Equilibrium Multiple Choice January 1999 7. Consider the following graph: When equilibrium is reached, the rate of the forward reaction is A. 0.00 mol/min B. 0.25mol/min C. 1.0 mol/min D. 3.0 mol/min 8.
More informationEquilibrium Simulation
Equilibrium Simulation Imagine the two large beakers (2000 ml) are actually the same space...we have just separated them to help us keep track of reactants and products. Imagine the size of the transfer
More informationCh 6 Practice Problems
Ch 6 Practice Problems 1. Which of the following statements is true? A) When two opposing processes are proceeding at identical rates, the sstem is at equilibrium. B) Catalsts are an effective means of
More informationEnergy Diagram Endothermic Reaction Draw the energy diagram for exothermic and endothermic reactions. Label each part.
CP Chapter 18 Notes A Model for Reaction Rates Expressing Reaction Rates Average Rate = Δquantity Δtime The amount of increase or decrease depends on their mole ratios Units = or mol/ls Expressing Reaction
More informationChapter 15 Equilibrium
Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium Sample Exercise 15.1 (p. 632) Write the equilibrium expression for K eq for these three reactions: a) 2 O 3(g) 3 O 2(g) b) 2 NO (g) + Cl 2(g) 2 NOCl (g) c) Ag + (aq) +
More informationWhat does the magnitude of the equilibrium constant tell us? N2(g) + O2(g) N2 O2(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) In Short
What does the magnitude of the equilibrium constant tell us? N2(g) + O2(g) N2 O2(g) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) In Short 1 D. Altering Chemical Equations and the Effect on the Equilibrium Constant What is the
More informationName: Unit!!: Kinetics and Equilibrium REGENTS CHEMISTRY
Name: Unit!!: Kinetics and Equilibrium REGENTS CHEMISTRY 1 Name: Unit!!: Kinetics and Equilibrium Collision theory states that a reaction is most likely to occur if reactant particles collide with the
More informationExample 14.1 Expressing Equilibrium Constants for Chemical Equations
Example 14.1 Expressing Equilibrium Constants for Chemical Equations For Practice 14.1 Express the equilibrium constant for the combustion of propane as shown by the balanced chemical equation: Example
More informationChapter Seven. Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, and Equilibrium
Chapter Seven Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rates, and Equilibrium Endothermic vs. Exothermic 2 Endothermic: A process or reaction that absorbs heat and has a positive ΔH. Exothermic: A process or reaction
More informationChemical Kinetics and Equilibrium
Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium 1 Which statement incorrectly describes a chemical reaction approaching equilibrium? As a chemical reaction approaches equilibrium, the net change in the amount of reactants
More information3 A (aq) + 2 D (aq) + 5 C (s) <==> 3 B (aq) + 4 E (aq) + 2 G (ppt)
AP Chemistry Test (Chapter 13) Multiple Choice (30%) 1) Which one best describes the K C for this reaction? 3 A (aq) + 2 D (aq) + 5 C (s) 3 B (aq) + 4 E (aq) + 2 G (ppt) A) K c = [A] 3 [D] 2 B) K
More informationTaking another look at Enthalpy vs. Entropy
Taking another look at Enthalpy vs. Entropy 1) Tell whether each of the following chemical reactions is endothermic or exothermic and state whether the reactants or the products are favoured by minimum
More informationEquilibrium Unit. Terminology. Terminology 11/04/2018. Chemistry 30 Ms. Hayduk
Equilibrium Unit Chemistry 30 Ms. Hayduk Terminology System: the part of the universe being studied can be tiny (one atom) or big (the Earth) Surroundings: the part of the universe outside of the system
More informationChp 13, 14, 15 SHOW ALL WORK AND CIRCLE FINAL ANSWERS. a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 2 only e) 1, 2, and H 2
Chp 13, 14, 15 Name: SHOW ALL WORK AND CIRCLE FINAL ANSWERS 1. Which of the following factors affect the initial rate of a reaction? 1) The nature of the reactants. 2) The concentration of the reactants.
More informationUnit 13: Rates and Equilibrium- Guided Notes
Name: Period: What is a Chemical Reaction and how do they occur? Unit 13: Rates and Equilibrium- Guided Notes A chemical reaction is a process that involves of atoms Law of Conservation of : Mass is neither
More informationChapter 18. Reversible Reactions. A chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactants is called a reversible reaction.
Section 1 The Nature of Chemical Equilibrium Reversible Reactions A chemical reaction in which the products can react to re-form the reactants is called a reversible reaction. Section 1 The Nature of Chemical
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Chemical Equilibrium The Concept of Equilibrium (15.1) Ways of Expressing Equilibrium Constants (15.2) What Does the Equilibrium Constant Tell Us? (15.3) Factors that Affect Chemical
More informationCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA: GENERAL CONCEPTS
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA: GENERAL CONCEPTS THE NATURE OF THE EQUILIBRIUM STATE: Equilibrium is the state where the concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant with time. (in stoichiometry,
More informationJanuary 03, Ch 13 SB equilibrium.notebook
Ch 13: Chemical Equilibrium exists when 2 opposing reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate (dynamic rather than static) Forward rate = reverse rate https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wld_imyqagq The
More informationEntropy and Enthalpy Guided Notes. a) Entropy. b) Enthalpy. c ) Spontaneous. d) Non-spontaneous
Entropy and Enthalpy Guided Notes 1) Define a) Entropy b) Enthalpy c ) Spontaneous d) Non-spontaneous 2) There is a natural tendency for reaction to move to the side with enthalpy Minimum enthalpy is the
More informationChemical Equilibria & the Application of Le Châtelier s Principle to General Equilibria
Chemical Equilibria & the Application of Le Châtelier s Principle to General Equilibria CHEM 102! T. Hughbanks! Example of Equilibrium N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) 2 NH 3 (g) Reactions can occur, in principle, in
More informationUnit 8: Equilibrium Unit Review
1. Predict the effect of increasing pressure on the position of equilibrium in the following systems: a. CH 4 (g) + 2H 2 O(g) CO 2 (g) + 4H 2 (g) b. N 2 O 5 (g) + NO(g) 3NO 2 (g) c. NO(g) + NO 2 (g) N
More informationDynamic Equilibrium. going back and forth at the same rate
Dynamic Equilibrium going back and forth at the same time at the same rate LeChatelier s Principle If a system at equilibrium is disturbed it will respond in the direction that counteracts the disturbance
More informationEquilibrium Simulation
Equilibrium Simulation Imagine the two large beakers (2000 ml) are actually the same space...we have just separated them to help us keep track of reactants and products. Imagine the size of the transfer
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. A) B) 1588 C) 397 D) 28 E) 0.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The value of Keq for the equilibrium 1) H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 HI (g) is 794 at 25 C. What
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. A) 1588 B) C) 28 D) 397 E) 0.
Chapter 15 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The value of Keq for the equilibrium 1) H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2 HI (g) is 794 at 25 C. What
More informationH = DATA THAT YOU MAY USE. Units Conventional Volume ml or cm 3 = cm 3 or 10-3 dm 3 Liter (L) = dm 3 Pressure atm = 760 torr = 1.
DATA THAT YOU MAY USE Units Conventional S.I. Volume ml or cm 3 = cm 3 or 10-3 dm 3 Liter (L) = dm 3 Pressure atm = 760 torr = 1.013 10 5 Pa torr = 133.3 Pa Temperature C 0 C = 73.15 K PV L-atm = 1.013
More informationCollision Theory. Collision theory: 1. atoms, ions, and molecules must collide in order to react. Only a small number of collisions produce reactions
UNIT 16: Chemical Equilibrium collision theory activation energy activated complex reaction rate reversible reaction chemical equilibrium law of chemical equilibrium equilibrium constant homogeneous equilibrium
More informationChemistry 12. Tutorial 5 The Equilibrium Constant (K ) eq
Chemistry 12 Tutorial 5 The Equilibrium Constant (K ) eq In this Tutorial you will be shown: 1. What is meant by the equilibrium constant K eq. 2. How to write the expression for K eq given a balanced
More informationCHEMICAL - EQUILIBRIA
. Favourable conditions for manufacture of ammonia by the reaction, N + H NH ; H =.9 kcal are: (a) Low temperature, low pressure and catalyst (b) Low temperature, high pressure and catalyst (c) High temperature,
More informationREACTION EQUILIBRIUM
REACTION EQUILIBRIUM A. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS 1. In most spontaneous reactions the formation of products is greatly favoured over the reactants and the reaction proceeds to completion (one direction). In
More informationChemistry 1011 TOPIC TEXT REFERENCE. Gaseous Chemical Equilibrium. Masterton and Hurley Chapter 12. Chemistry 1011 Slot 5 1
Chemistry 1011 TOPIC Gaseous Chemical Equilibrium TEXT REFERENCE Masterton and Hurley Chapter 12 Chemistry 1011 Slot 5 1 12.4 Applications of the Equilibrium Constant YOU ARE EXPECTED TO BE ABLE TO: Determine
More informationChapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium 15.1 The Concept of Equilibrium Consider colorless frozen N 2 O 4. At room temperature, it decomposes to brown NO 2. N 2 O 4 (g) 2NO 2 (g) At some time, the color stops
More informationWrite equilibrium law expressions from balanced chemical equations for heterogeneous and homogeneous systems. Include: mass action expression.
Equilibrium 1 UNIT 3: EQUILIBRIUM OUTCOMES All important vocabulary is in Italics and bold. Relate the concept of equilibrium to physical and chemical systems. Include: conditions necessary to achieve
More informationRates, Temperature and Potential Energy Diagrams Worksheet
SCH4U1 ER10 Name: Date: Rates, Temperature and Potential Energy Diagrams Worksheet Part 1: 1. Use the potential energy diagram shown to the right to answer the following: a. Label the axis. y axis is potential
More information(g) + 3 H 2. (g) 2 NH 3. 1) Only gases and dissolved species appear in an equilibrium expression. 4 NH 3. O(g) K c = (s) + 2N 2.
Chapter 16: Chemical Equilibrium What is meant by an equilibrium system? What is an equilibrium expression? N 2 +3 H 2 2 NH 3 1) Only gases and dissolved species appear in an equilibrium expression. 4
More informationChapter 6: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 6: Chemical Equilibrium 6.1 The Equilibrium Condition 6. The Equilibrium Constant 6.3 Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures 6.4 The Concept of Activity 6.5 Heterogeneous Equilibria 6.6 Applications
More information7/19/2011. Models of Solution. State of Equilibrium. State of Equilibrium Chemical Reaction
Models of Solution Chemistry- I State of Equilibrium A covered cup of coffee will not be colder than or warmer than the room temperature Heat is defined as a form of energy that flows from a high temperature
More informationAP Chemistry Chapter 16 Assignment. Part I Multiple Choice
Page 1 of 7 AP Chemistry Chapter 16 Assignment Part I Multiple Choice 1984 47. CH 4 (g) + 2 O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O(l) H = 889.1 kj H f H 2 O(l) = 285.8 kj mol 1 H f CO 2 (g) = 393.3 kj mol 1 What is
More informationUnit 13: Rates and Equilibrium- Funsheets
Name: Period: Unit 13: Rates and Equilibrium- Funsheets Part A: Reaction Diagrams 1) Answer the following questions based on the potential energy diagram shown here: a. Does the graph represent an endothermic
More informationUnit 2 Pre-Test Reaction Equilibrium
Unit 2 Pre-Test Reaction Equilibrium Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Consider the following equilibrium system: 2HF(g) F 2(g) + H 2 (g)
More informationCHEMISTRY. Chapter 15 Chemical Equilibrium
CHEMISTRY The Central Science 8 th Edition Chapter 15 Chemical Kozet YAPSAKLI The Concept of Chemical equilibrium is the point at which the concentrations of all species are constant. Chemical equilibrium
More information6. Which expression correctly describes the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? 4NH 3 (g) + 5O 2 (g) 4NO(g) + 6H 2 O(g)
1. Which of the following can we predict from an equilibrium constant for a reaction? 1. The extent of a reaction 2. Whether the reaction is fast or slow 3. Whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic
More information5.111 Lecture Summary #20. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Chapter 9 sections Topics: External effects on K and sig figs for logs.
20.1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Chapter 9 sections 9.10-9.13 Topics: External effects on K and sig figs for logs. Recall Principle of Le Châtelier: A system in equilibrium that is subjected to stress will react
More information1. The Haber- Bosch Process 2. K eq
Chemistry 12 Equilibrium III Name: Date: Block: 1. The Haber- Bosch Process 2. K eq The Haber- Bosch Process Almost all of the world s ammonia is produced via the Haber- Bosch process and almost all of
More informationName Unit 10 Practice Test
1. Increasing the temperature increases the rate of a reaction by A) lowering the activation energy B) increasing the activation energy C) lowering the frequency of effective collisions between reacting
More informationChapter Outline. The Dynamics of Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter Outline 14.1 The Dynamics of Chemical Equilibrium 14.2 Writing Equilibrium Constant Expressions 14.3 Relationships between K c and K p Values 14.4 Manipulating Equilibrium Constant Expressions
More informationCHEM 121b Exam 3 Spring 1999
Name SSN CHEM 121b Exam 3 Spring 1999 This exam consists of 10 multiple choice questions (each worth 3 points), and 5 written problems (points noted below for each). There are a total of 100 possible points.
More informationEquilibrium. Dynamic Equilibrium, Position of Equilibrium, Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium, Equilibrium Law January 2015
Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium, Position of Equilibrium, Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium, Equilibrium Law January 2015 Equilibrium Review What is equilibrium? Features of equilibrium the rate of the forward
More informationThe Factors that Determine the Equilibrium State
The Factors that Determine the Equilibrium State The equilibrium state (or the ratio of products to reactants) is determined by two factors: 1. Energy Systems tend to move toward a state of minimum potential
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 15. Chemical Equilibrium. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Pearson Education
Lecture Presentation Chapter 15 Chemical James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT The Concept of N 2 O 4 (g) 2 NO 2 (g) Chemical equilibrium occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction proceed
More informationCHEM J-8 June /01(a) With 3 C-O bonds and no lone pairs on the C atom, the geometry is trigonal planar.
CHEM1001 2014-J-8 June 2014 22/01(a) What is the molecular geometry of the formate ion? Marks 7 With 3 C-O bonds and no lone pairs on the C atom, the geometry is trigonal planar. Write the equilibrium
More information