Teorie netkaných textilií

Transcription

1 Property [ ] Property [ ] 5/28/2013 Teorie netkaných textilií Composites, nanocomposites Dr. László Mészáros Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Polymer Engineering meszaros@pt.bme.hu Interface Interphase Material A Interphase Material B x [ ] x [ ] 2 1

2 Composite Composite is a multiphase structural material that is constructed from highstrength reinforcement and tough matrix. Between the reinforcement and the matrix the adhesion is strong. Matrix Fiber Interphase 3 Production of composites Reinforcing material Matrix material Polymer melt Monomer Solved polymer technology Composite product 4 2

3 Glass fiber Chopped glass fibre a) Chopped glass fiber mat, b) glass yarn, c) roving, d) woven fabric 5 Carbon fiber 6 3

4 Aramid 7 Production of composites Hand lay up / spray lay up boat 8 4

5 Production of composites container Bus body Filament winding Film wind turbine blades 9 Production of composites Film image from netcomposites.com Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) 10 5

6 Production of composites skiz safety helmet oar 11 Production of composites meat-grinder 12 6

7 Tensile strength [GPa] Volume decreament 5/28/2013 Production of composites drill housing intake manifold 13 Why fiber? Lot of failures Fewer failures No failures 14 7

8 Why nanoparticles? The key is the surface area 2 d A d l V d d l l 4 15 Why nanoparticles? d A/V [mm] [-] 0, , , , ,1 7,5 1 0, , , , ,

9 A/V [1/m] 5/28/2013 Why nanoparticles? ,0001 0, lg l/d [-] 17 What the adhesion of the fibermatrix depends on mostly? Basalt fibers Natural fiber (flax) 18 9

10 Wettability 19 Wettability/roughness matrix fiber matrix fiber 20 10

11 Types of nanoparticles Spherical Fibres Lamellar TiO 2 C60 PVA nanofibres MWCNT 21 Nanotubes 22 11

12 Montmorillonite Physical properties Specific surface: <750 m 2 /g E= GPa Layer distance: 1-3 nm Layer thickness: 0,98 nm Hydrophillic 23 Nanocomposites Dispersed systems, which are built up from nanoparticles and matrix material. Between the nanoparticles and the matrix the bonding is excellent

13 Preparation of polymer matrix nanocomposites Melt mixing matrix: in melt state In situ polymerization matrix: monomer state Using solvents matrix: solved 25 Nanocomposites by melt intercalation (thermoplastics) montmorillonite polyamide

14 Structure of nanocomposites 27 Improved gas-barrier properties (packing) microcomposite nanocomposite 28 14

15 Morphology microcomposite DSC thermograms of PCL and of selected PCL/clay nanocomposites after isothermal crystallization at 45 C. Number refers to clay weight concentration; 0* is the DSC thermogram of non-isothermal crystallized (10 C/min) pure PCL. E. Di Maio, S. Iannace, L. Sorrentini, L. NicolaisIsothermal crystallization in PCL/clay nanocomposites investigated with thermal and rheometric methods Polymer, 45 (2004), pp Improved mechanical properties Anyag Tensile modulus [GPa] Tensile strength [MPa] Elongation at break [%] RTP Company PA6 3,6 0,3 51,4 5,0 135,7 10,2 RTP Company nanocomposite 18,0 1,5 73,6 5,1 4,1 0,

16 Flame retardancy Mészáros-Szakács 31 Flame retardancy (UL-94) Mészáros-Szakács 32 16

17 Flame retardancy (UL-94) Mészáros-Szakács 33 In situ polymerisation (thermosets) RESIN + NANOTUBES + shear DISPERSED NANOPARTICLES + crosslinking NANOCOMPOSITE 34 17

18 Stucture 35 Excellent mechanical properties (+electrical conductivity) 36 18

19 Using solvents (composite nanofibers) POLYMER + SOLVENT + NANOTUBES + shear DISPERSED NANOPARTICLES + evaporation (electrospinning) NANOCOMPOSITE 37 Using solvents (composite nanofibers) 38 19

20 Using solvents (composite nanofibers) - Conductive layers for antistatic properties - Improved mechanical properties between the reinforcing fabric layers - Precursor for carbon nanofibers 39 Improving the connection: functionalization Meng H., Sui G. X., Fang P. F., Yang R.: Effects of acid- and diamine-modified MWNTs on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of polyamide 6, Polymer 49 (2008)

21 Improving the connection: surface treatment hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (Genamin) alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (Dodigen) 41 Improving the connection: Hybridization 42 21

22 Hajlító modulus [GPa] 5/28/2013 Hibryd nanocomposites PA 6 PA 6+MMT PA 6+BF PA 6+MMT+BF 43 Role of nanoparticles in hybrids Kornmann X., Rees M., Thomann Y., Necola A., Barbezat M., Thomann R.: Epoxy - layered silicate nanocomposites as matrix in glass fibre - reinforced composites, Composites Science and Technology 65 (2005)

23 Nano-modification 45 Applications 46 23

24 Montmorillonite Good tribological and gas-barrier properties. 47 Electrical conductivity The conductivity of the polymer increases significantly, if the added filler forms a continuous conductive network in the matrix, this process called percolation. Antunes R. A., de Oliveira M. C. L., Ett G., Ett, V.: Carbon materials in composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: A review of the main challenges to improve electrical performance, Journal of Power Sources, 196, (2011) 48 24

25 Electrical conductivity statistical percolation dynamic percolation Antunes R. A., de Oliveira M. C. L., Ett G., Ett, V.: Carbon materials in composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: A review of the main challenges to improve electrical performance, Journal of Power Sources, 196, (2011) 49 Electrical conductivity Zhang H-B., Zheng W.G., Yan Q., Yang Y., Wang J-W., Lu Z-H., Li G-J., Yu Z-Z.,: Electrically conductive polyethylene terephtalate/graphene nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding. Polymer, 51, (2010)

26 Carbon-allotropes Thermal conductivity (MMT) Baniassadi M., Laachachi A., Hassouna F., Addiego F., Muller R., Garmestani H., Ahzi S., Toniazzo V., Ruch D.: Mechanical and thermal behavior of nanoclay based polymer nanocomposites using statistical homogenization approach, Composites Science and Technology 71 (2011)

27 Hibryd nanocomposites (shaft) The New Prototype Comp NT combines revolutionary carbon nanotubes into the resin system of the shaft to dramatically improve the strength properties Hibryd nanocomposites HeadSize 676 cm Weight 265 g (conventional: g) Composition Graphite/ Carbon Nanotube 54 27

28 Hibryd nanocomposites The weight of the frame of the bycicle is less than? g and has excellent stiffness and strength Space elevator 56 28

29 Acknowledgement This research was realized in the frames of TÁMOP A/ National Excellence Program Elaborating and operating an inland student and researcher personal support system The project was subsidized by the European Union and co-financed by the European Social Fund. 57 Thank you for your attention Děkuji vám za pozornost! 58 29