Regents Review Physical Properties Worksheet Mr. Beauchamp

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1 Regents Review Mr. Beauchamp 1. Which phase change results in the r elease of energy? A. H 2 O(s) H 2 O() B. H 2 O(s) H 2 O(g) C. H 2 O() H 2 O(g) D. H 2 O(g) H 2 O() 11. Which diagram best represents a gas in a closed container? 2. Which term is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles i n a sample? A. temperature C. thermal energy B. pressure D. chemical energy 3. At which temperature would atoms of a He(g) sample have the greatest average kinet ic energy? A. 25 C C. 273 K B. 37 C D. 298 K 4. Two samples of gold that have different temperat ures are placed in contact with one another. Heat will flow spontaneously from a sample of gold at 60 C to a sample of gold that has a temperature of A. 50 C C. 70 C B. 60 C D. 80 C A. B. C. D. 5. At which Celsius temperature does lead change from a solid to a liquid? A. 874 C C. 328 C B. 601 C D. 0 C 6. The boiling point of a liquid is the t emperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure on the surface of the liquid. What is the boiling point of propanone if the pressure on its surface is 48 kilopascals? A. 25 C C. 35 C B. 30. C D. 40. C 7. A sample of a gas is co ntained i n a closed rigid cylinder. According to kinet ic molecular theory, what occurs when the gas inside the cylinder is heated? A. The number of gas mo lecules i ncreases. B. The number of collisions between gas molecules per unit time decreases. C. The average velocity o f the gas molecules increa ses. D. The volume of the gas decreases. 12. Which grouping of the three phase s of bromine is listed in order from left to right for increasing distance between bromine molecules? A. gas, liquid, solid C. solid, gas, liquid B. liquid, solid, gas D. solid, liquid, gas 13. Helium is most likely to behave as an ideal gas when it is under A. high pressure and high temperature B. high pressure and low temperature C. low pressure and high temperature D. low pressure and low temperature 14. The table bel ow shows mass and vo lume data for four samples of substances at 298 K and 1 atmosphere. 8. Under which conditions of temperat ure and pressur e would helium behave most like an ideal gas? A. 50 K and 20 kpa C. 750 K and 20 kpa B. 50 K and 600 kpa D. 750 K and 600 kpa 9. The kinetic molecular theory assumes that the particles of an ideal gas A. are in random, constant, strai ght-line motion B. are arranged in a regular geometric pattern C. have strong attractive forces between them D. have collisions that result in t he system losing energy 10. The concept of an ideal gas is used to explain A. the mass of a gas sample B. the behavior of a gas sample C. why some gases ar e monatomic D. why some gases ar e diatomic Which two samples could consist of the same substance? A. A and B C. B and C B. A and C D. C and D 15. A sample of oxygen gas is seal ed in container X. A sample of hydrogen gas is sealed i n container Z. Both samples have the same volume, temperature, and pressure. Which statement is true? A. Container X contains more gas molecules than container Z. B. Container X contains fewer gas molecules than container Z. C. Containers X and Z both contain the same number of gas molecules. D. Containers X and Z both contain the same mass of gas. Page 1

2 16. The data table bel ow gives the temper ature and pressur e of four different gas samples, each in a 2-liter container. 21. Which statement describes a chemical property of the element magnesium? A. Magnesium is malleable. B. Magnesium conducts electricity. C. Magnesium reacts with an acid. D. Magnesium has a high boiling point. 22. Which statement best describes the shape and volume of an aluminum cylinder at STP? A. It has a definite shape and a definite volume. B. It has a definite shape and no definite volume. C. It has no definite shape and a definite volume. D. It has no definite shape and no definite volume. Which two gas samples contain the same total number of particles? A. CH 4 and CO 2 C. He and CO 2 B. CH 4 and Ne D. He and Ne 23. Which process is a chemical change? A. melting of ice C. sublimi ng of ice B. boiling of water D. decomposing of water 24. Given the particle di agram representing four molecules of a substance: 17. A sample of gas is held at constant pressure. Increasing the kelvin temperature of this gas sample causes the average kinetic energy of its molecules to A. decrease and the volume of the gas sample to decrease B. decrease and the volume of the gas sample to increase C. increase and the volume of the gas sample to decrease D. increase and the volume of the gas sample to increase 18. A sample of helium gas has a vo lume of 900. millili ters and a pressure of 2.50 atm at 298 K. What is the new pressure when the temperature i s changed to 336 K and the volum e is decreased to 450. milliliters? A atm C atm B atm D atm Which particle diagram best represents this same substance after a physical change has taken place? 19. A gas occupies a volume of 444 ml at 273 K and kpa. What is the final kelvin temperatur e when the volume of the gas is changed to 1880 ml and the pr essure is changed to 38.7 kpa? A K C. 566 K B. 292 K D K 20. Which graph best represents the pressur e-volume relationship for an ideal gas at constant temperature? A. C. A. B. C. D. B. 25. Which statement describes a chemical property of oxy gen? A. Oxygen has a melting point of 55 K. B. Oxygen can combine wit h a metal to produce a compound. C. Oxygen gas is sli ghtly soluble in water. D. Oxygen gas can be compressed. 26. Which physical changes are endothermic? A. melting and freezing B. melting and evaporating C. condensation and sublimation D. condensation and deposition D. Page 2

3 27. Which set of procedures and observations indicates a chemical change? A. Ethanol is added to an empty beaker and the ethanol eventually disappears. B. A solid is gently heated in a crucible and the solid s lowly turns to liquid. C. Large crystals are crushed wi th a mortar and pestle and become powder. D. A cool, shiny metal is added to water in a beake r and rapid bubblin g occurs. 28. The graph below represents the uniform heating of a substance, starting below its melting point, when the substance is solid. 32. The temperat ure of 100. grams of water changes from 16.0ºC to 20.0ºC. What is t he total number of Joules of heat energy absorbed by the water? A. 105 C B. 168 D What amount of heat is required to completely melt a gram sample of H 2 O(s) at 0 C? A. 334 J C J B J D J 34. How much energy is requi red to vaporize grams of water at its boiling point? A kj C. 4.2 kj B kj D kj 35. Which intermolecular force of attraction accounts for the relatively high boiling point of water? A. hydrogen bonding C. metallic bonding B. covalent bonding D. ionic bonding 36. Which liquid has the highest vapor pressure at 75 C? A. ethanoic acid C. propanone B. ethanol D. water 37. Which substance has the lowest vapor pressure at 75 C? A. water C. propanone B. ethanoic acid D. ethanol Which line segments represent an increase in average kinetic energy? A. AB and BC C. BC and DE B. AB and CD D. DE and EF 29. The graph below represents the uniform heating of a substance, starting with the substance as a solid below its melting point. 38. At standard pressur e, a certain compound has a low boiling point and is insoluble i n water. At STP, this compound mo st likely exists as A. ionic crystals C. nonpolar molecules B. metallic crystals D. polar molecules 39. A dilute, aqueous potassium nitrate solution is best classified as a A. homogeneous compound C. heterogeneous compound B. homogeneous mixture D. heterogeneous mixture 40. Bronze contains 90 t o 95 percent copper and 5 to 10 percent tin. Because these percentages can vary, bronze is classified as A. a compound C. a mixture B. an element D. a substance Which line segment represents an increase in potenti al energy and no change in average kinetic ene rgy? A. AB C. CD B. BC D. EF 30. The temperatur e of a sample of water changes from 10. C to 20. C when the water absorbs 420 Joules of heat. What is the mass of the sample? A. 1.0 g C. 100 g B. 10. g D g 31. In which process does a solid change directly into a vapor? A. condensation C. deposition B. sublimation D. solidification 41. A mixture of crystals of salt and s ugar is added to water and stirred until all solids have dissolved. Whic h statement best describes the resulting mixture? A. The mixture i s homogeneous and can be separa ted by filtration. B. The mixture i s homogeneous and cannot be separat ed by filtration. C. The mixture is het erogeneous and can be separated by filtration. D. The mixture is het erogeneous and canno t be separat ed by filtration. 42. When a mixture of w ater, sand, and salt is filtered, what passes through the filter paper? A. water, only C. water and salt, only B. water and sand, only D. water, sand, and salt Page 3

4 43. Which property makes it possible to separat e the oxygen and the nitrogen from a sample of liquefied air? A. boiling point C. hardness B. conductivity D. electronegativity 44. At room temperature, a mixture of sand and water can be separated by A. ionization C. filtration B. combustion D. sublimation 45. Which compound is insoluble in wa ter? A. BaSO 4 C. KClO 3 B. CaCrO 4 D. Na 2 S 46. Which ion, when combined with chloride ions, Cl, forms an insoluble substance in water? A. Fe 2+ C. Pb 2+ B. Mg 2+ D. Zn An unsaturated aqueous soluti on of NH 3 is at 90 C in 100. grams of water. According to Ref erence Table G, how many grams of NH 3 could this unsaturated s olution contain? A. 5 g C. 15 g B. 10. g D. 20. g 54. If gram of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 is dissolved in 100. grams of H 2 O, what is the concentration of the resulting solution, in parts per million? A ppm C. 250 ppm B. 2.5 ppm D ppm 55. Compared to a 2.0 M aqueous solution of NaCl at 1 atmosphere, a 3.0 M aqueous solution of NaCl at 1 atmosphere has a A. lower boiling point and a higher freezing point B. lower boiling point and a lower freezing point C. higher boiling point and a higher freezing point D. higher boiling point and a lower freezing point 56. Compared to the freezing po int of 1.0 M KCl(aq) at st andard pressure, the freezing point of 1.0 M CaCl 2 (aq) at standard pressure is A. lower C. the same B. higher 57. A 1.00-mole sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 24.4 liters at 298 K and kilopascals. Calculate the density of this sample. Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result. 48. A student adds solid KCl to water in a flask. The flask is sealed with a stopper and t horoughly shaken unt il no more solid KCl dissolves. Some solid KCl is still visible in the flask. The solution in the flask is A. saturated and is at equilibrium with the solid KCl B. saturated and is not at equilibr ium with the solid KCl C. unsaturated and is at equilibr ium with the solid KCl D. unsaturated and is not at equilibri um with the solid KCl 49. An unsaturated solution is formed when 80. grams of a salt is dissolved in 100. grams of water at 40. C. This salt could be A. KC1 C. NaC1 B. KNO 3 D. NaNO A saturated solut ion of NaNO 3 is prepared at 60.ºC using 100. grams of water. As this solution is cooled to 10.ºC, NaNO 3 precipitates (sett les) out of the solution. The resulting solution is saturated. Approximately how many g rams of NaNO 3 settled out of the original solution? A. 46 g C. 85 g B. 61 g D. 126 g 51. A 3.0 M HCl(aq) solution contains a total of A. 3.0 grams of HCl per liter of water B. 3.0 grams of HCl per mole of solution C. 3.0 moles of HCl per liter of solution D. 3.0 moles of HCl per mole of water 52. How many total moles of KNO 3 must be dissolved in water to make 1.5 liters of a 2.0 M solution? A mol C. 3.0 mol B. 2.0 mol D. 1.3 mol 53. Molarity is defined as the A. moles of solute per kilogram of solvent B. moles of solute per liter of solution C. mass of a solution D. volume of a solvent Page 4

5 Base your answers to questions 58 through 60 on the information below A 5.00-gram sample of liquid am monia is originally at 210. K. The diagram of the partial heating curve below represents the vaporization of the sample of ammonia at standard pressur e due to the addition of heat. The heat is not added at a constant rate. 58. Describe what is happening to both the potent ial energy and the average kinetic energy o f the molecules in the ammonia sample during time interval BC. Your response must include both potential ener gy and average kinetic energy. 59. Determine the total amount of heat required to vaporize this 5.00-gram sample of amm onia at its boiling point. 60. Calculate the total h eat absorbed by the 5.00-gram sample of ammo nia during time int erval AB. Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result. Page 5

6 Base your answers to questions 61 through 64 on the information below. The temperature of a sample of a substance is increased from 20. C to 160. C as the sample absorbs heat at a constant rate of 15 kilojoules per minute at standard pressure. The graph below represents the relationship between temperature and time as the sample is heated. 61. Determine the total amount of heat required to completely melt this sample at its melting point. 62. What is the boiling point of this sample? 63. Use the key below to draw at least nine particles in t he box, showing the co rrect particle arr angement of this sample during the first minute of heating. 64. What is the total time this sample is i n the liquid phase, only? Page 6

7 Base your answers to questions 65 through 67 on the information below Scientists who study aquatic ecosy stems are often int erested i n the concentration of dissolved oxy gen in water. Oxygen, O2, has a very low solubility in water, and the refore its solubility is usually expressed in unit s of milligrams per grams of w ater at 1. 0 atmosphere. The graph below shows a solubili ty curve of oxygen in water. 65. An aqueous solution has gra m of oxygen dissolved in grams of water. Ca lculate t he dissolved oxygen co ncentrati on of this solution in parts per million. Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result. 66. A student determines t hat 8.2 mill igrams of oxygen is dissolved in a gram sample of water at 15 C and 1.0 atmosphere. In terms of saturation, what type of solution is this sample? 67. Explain, i n terms of molecular polarity, why oxy gen gas has low solubility in water. Your response must in clude both oxygen and wat er. Page 7

8 Base your answers to questions 68 through 70 on the information below A gas sample is held at constant temperat ure in a closed system. The vo lume of the gas is changed, which causes the pressure of the gas to change. Volume and pressure data are shown in the table below. 68. On the same grid, plot the data from the table. Ci rcle and connect the points. 69. Based on your graph, what is the pr essure of the gas when the volume o f the gas is 200. millil iters? 70. On the grid above, mark an appropriate scale on the axis labele d Volume (ml). Page 8

9 Answer Key 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 31. B 32. D 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. C 47. A 48. A 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. C 55. D 56. A J 60. q = mc(t = (5.00 g)(4.71 J/g K)(30. K) (5)(4.71)(30) 710 J kJ ) 3kJ C ) 2C min ) 0.2 min The sample is an unsaturated solution. 67. Oxygen molecules a re nonpolar and water molecules are polar D 28. B 29. B 30. B 57. D= m v g/l v = g 24.4 L 58. The potentia l energy of the ammonia molecules increases and the a verage kinetic energy of the ammonia molecules remains the same atm or for a response consistent with the student s graph ± 0.3 grid space 70. An appropriate scale is linear and allows a trend to be seen.