Prednáška 5 Chemická evolúcia
|
|
- Darcy Simon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Prednáška 5 Chemická evolúcia
2 CHARAKTERISTIKY ŽIVOTA 1. Udržiavanie usporiadanosti---unikanie maximalizácii entropie (metabolizmus, adaptácie, aktívny pohyb...) 2. Vertikálne prežívanie (dedičnosť, ontogenéza) 3. Evolúcia
3 Najefektívnejší spôsob štúdia biologického fenoménu je študovať ho v najjednoduchšom biologickom systéme, u ktorého bol identifikovaný DELBRÜCKOV PRINCÍP
4 10 nevyriešených záhad chémie: The 10 Unsolved Mysteries 1. How Did Life Begin? 2. How Do Molecules Form? 3. How Does the Environment Influence Our Genes? 4. How Does the Brain Think and Form Memories? 5. How Many Elements Exist? 6. Can Computers Be Made Out of Carbon? 7. How Do We Tap More Solar Energy? 8 What Is the Best Way to Make Biofuels? 9. Can We Devise New Ways to Create Drugs? 10. Can We Continuously Monitor Our Own Chemistry?
5 1 How Did Life Begin? The moment when the first living beings arose from inanimate matter almost four billion years ago is still shrouded in mystery. How did relatively simple molecules in the primordial broth give rise to more and more complex compounds? And how did some of those compounds begin to process energy and replicate (two of the defining characteristics of life)? At the molecular level, all of those steps are, of course, chemical reactions, which makes the question of how life began one of chemistry.!
6 Ako študovať vznik života na Zemi?
7 ÁNO ONO OKO AKO AKT ALT HLT HIT NIT NIE Ian Stewart (1995). The Nature s numbers (Čísla prírody, ARCHA, 1996)
8 1. Hľadanie relevantných medziproduktov závisí od charakteru pravidiel 2. Aj keď nájdené riešenia nemusia zodpovedať realite, umožňujú odhaľovať ďalšie charakteristiky systému
9 Life began with little bags, the precursors of cells, enclosing small volumes of dirty water containing miscellaneous garbage. Život začal v podobe malých vrecúšok, prekurzorov dnešných buniek, s malým objemom špinavej vody obsahujúcej rôzny odpad. Freeman Dyson John Brockman (ed.) (2007) What is your dangerous idea?
10 Rozhodujúci faktor: ČAS Kedy vznikla Zem? Arcibiskup James Ussher: pred n.l. (nedeľa) Lord Kelvin: 25 mil. rokov Súčasné odhady: 4.5 mld rokov
11 Ako získať predstavu o veku? % rodičovských atómov % atómov % dcérskych atómov # polčasov rozpadu Barton a kol. (2007). Evolution. CSHL Press.
12 Prvky s dlhým polčasom rozpadu Rodičovský izotop Stabilný dcérsky produkt Polčas (T 1/2, roky) Urán-238 Urán-235 Tórium-232 Rubídium-87 Draslík-40 Samárium-147 Olovo-206 Olovo-207 Olovo-208 Stroncium-87 Argón-40 Neodýmium-143 4,5 mld 704 mil 14,0 mld 48.8 mld 1,25 mld 106 mld Uhlík-14 Dusík /-40 Barton a kol. (2007). Evolution. CSHL Press.
13 Kozmický kalendár Január 1 Máj 1 September 9 September 14 September 30 Október 9 November 1 November 12 December 1 December 16 Big Bang Vznik Mliečnej dráhy Vznik Slnečnej sústavy Vznik Zeme Vznik života na Zemi Prvé skamenelé baktérie Invencia sexu Prvé skamenelé rastliny Kyslík v atmosfére Prvé červy Carl Sagan (1977) Dragons of Eden (Draci z ráje; vyd. Eminent, 167 str.)
14 Kozmický kalendár December 18 December 19 December 25 December 28 December 29 December 30 December 31 Trilobity Prvé stavovce Dinosaury Vymretie dinosaurov Primáty Prví hominidi Prví ľudia
15 Čo sa stalo 31. decembra? 22:30 Prví ľudia 23:00 Prvé kamenné nástroje 23:46 Zvládnutie ohňa 23:56 Posledná doba ľadová 23:59 Jaskynní umelci v Európe 23:59:20 Vznik poľnohospodárstva 23:59:35 Prvé mestá 23:59:50 Prvá abeceda 23:59:55 Euklidovská geometria 23:59:57 Nula v aritmetike 23:59:57 Pád Rímskej ríše 23:59:58 Byzantská ríša 23:59:59 Renesancia v Európe Teraz Veda a technológia
16 Október 9 fosilizované baktérie Stromatolity
17 Kozmický kalendár Január 1 Big Bang September 9 (4.6 mld r.) Vznik Slnečnej sústavy Október 9 (3.5 mld r.) Prvé fosilizované baktérie 3.8 mld rokov Najmladšie mesačné kamene ZÁVER: Chemická evolúcia prebehla počas 300 miliónov rokov medzi znížením frekvencie náletov asteroidov a objavením sa prvých buniek
18 Základné zlúčeniny pre chemickú evolúciu 96% každého živého organizmu tvoria C, H, O, a N Tieto prvky sa na prebiotickej Zemi vyskytovali vo forme: CO 2, H 2 O, N 2, CH 4, H 2 a NH 3
19 Proporcia chemických substancií v živých organizmoch Sadava a kol. (2007). Life: The Science of Biology. Sinnauer Ass. Makromolekuly Proteíny Voda Nukleové kyseliny Cukry Ióny a malé molekuly Lipidy
20 Stanley Miller Harold Urey
21 Miller-Ureyov experiment (1953) elektróda vákuum voda elek. výboj zmes plynov chladič adič voda kondenzovaná zmes produktov Barton a kol. (2007). Evolution. CSHL Press.
22 Aminokyseliny produkované v Miller-Ureyovom experimente Glycín Alanín Valín 4.4 Leucín 2.6 Izoleucín 1.1 Prolín 0.3 Kyselina asparágová 7.7 Kyselina glutámová 1.7 Serín 1.1 Treonín 0.2 Sarkozín 12.5 Izoserín 1.2 Izovalín 1.0 N-etylalanín 0.1 N-etylglycín 6.8 N-propylglycín 0.5 N-metylalanín 3.4 N-izopropylglycín0.5 Barton a kol. (2007). Evolution. CSHL Press.
23
24 Sadava a kol. (2007). Life: The Science of Biology. Sinnauer Ass. Základné zlúčeniny pre chemickú evolúciu VÝSLEDKY Komponenty prítomné v prebiotickej atmosféry reagujú za prísunu energiu tvoria puríny, pyrimidíny a amíno kyseliny ZÁVER: Organické prekurzory biomakromolekúl môžu byť pripravené abiotickou cestou v laboratóriu za podmienok pravdepodobne prítomných na prebiotickej Zemi
25 Pokusy o abiotickú syntézu viedli k príprave viacerých prekurzorov biomakromolekúl CH 4 +NH 3 +H 2 O el.výboj aminokyseliny Ca(OH) 2 CH 2 O cukry HCN NH 3 (l) adenín močovina HC C C N cytozín
26 Millerov odkaz: Za redukujúcich podmienok sa môžu tvoriť prekurzory biomakromolekúl (hlavne amino kyseliny, cukry)
27
28 Millerov odkaz: Za redukujúcich podmienok sa môžu tvoriť prekurzory biomakromolekúl (hlavne amino kyseliny, cukry) Problémy: 1. Nie všetky prekurzory sa doteraz podarilo syntetizovať abiogénne 2. Bola primitívna atmosféra skutočne redukujúca? 3. Termodynamické problémy s prebiotickou polievkou
29 1. Život je postavený na jednom type stereoizomérov Sadava a kol. (2007). Life: The Science of Biology. Sinnauer Ass.
30 1. Život je postavený na jednom type stereoizomérov Barton a kol. (2007). Evolution. CSHL Press.
31 1. Život je postavený na jednom type stereoizomérov L-aminokyselina D-aminokyselina Barton a kol. (2007). Evolution. CSHL Press.
32 2. Bola primitívna atmosféra skutočne redukujúca? [ ] the volcanic apparatus experiment suggests that, even if the overall atmosphere was not reducing, localized prebiotic synthesis could have been effective.[ ]
33 Problém 3: Termodynamický problém koncepcie prebiotickej polievky: 1. Prebiotická polievka je trojrozmerná 2. Prebiotická polievka predstavuje zriedený roztok 3. Aký bol zdroj permanentného prísunu energie?
34 3. Termodynamický problém koncepcie prebiotickej polievky: 3.1. Prebiotická polievka je trojrozmerná Reakcie mohli prebiehať na povrchu minerálov (napr. pyrit): Prebiotická pizza
35 3. Termodynamický problém koncepcie prebiotickej polievky: 3.2. Prebiotická polievka predstavuje zriedený roztok Chemické reakcie mohli prebiehať v malých objemoch
36 3.3. Chemická evolúcia mohla prebiehať v hydrotermálnych prameňoch Black smokers sú však príliš horúce H 2 S, CH4
37 Alkalické hydrotermálne pramene (presnejšie prieduchy (vents) ako miesto ideálne pre chemickú evolúciu
38 V alkalických hydrotermálnych prameňoch aj dnes žijú unikátne organizmy (napr. aj obrúčkavce, mäkkýše)
39 Chemiosmóza je univerzálny mechanizmus konverzie energie vo všetkých súčasných živých systémoch
40 Chemiosmóza je univerzálny mechanizmus konverzie energie vo všetkých súčasných živých systémoch Peter D. Mitchell ( ) Nobelova cena za chémiu (1978)
41 Alkalické hydrotermálne pramene (presnejšie prieduchy (vents) ako miesto ideálne pre chemickú evolúciu
42 Hydrotermálne prieduchy ako miesto ideálne pre chemickú evolúciu, pretože ponúkajú vysvetlenie vzniku chemioosmotického mechanizmu premeny energie
43 2. Hydrotermálne prieduchy ako miesto ideálne pre chemickú evolúciu H + H ph 5-7 (oceán) H + + H + H + ATP H + H + H + H + + OH - OH - OH - OH - ph 9-10 (hydrotermálna kvapalina) OH -
44 1.-3: Organické molekuly mohli byť importované z vesmíru Teória panspermie: Francis Crick, Carl Woese 1. Murchinsonov meteorit (1969), vek 4.6 mld rokov; 18 amíno kyselín 2. Vesmírny prach obsahuje kyanovodík a aldehydy Francis Crick Carl Woese
45 Import prekurzorov života z vesmíru? ALH84001
46 Proporcia chemických substancií v živých organizmoch Makromolekuly Proteíny Voda Nukleové kyseliny Cukry Ióny a malé molekuly Lipidy Sadava a kol. (2007). Life: The Science of Biology. Sinnauer Ass.
47 4 fázy chemickej evolúcie 1. Vznik prekurzorov organických zlúčenín (formaldehyd, kyanovodík...) 2. Tvorba cukrov, amíno kyselín, dusíkatých báz a tak --- prebiotickej polievky 3. Cukry, aminokyseliny a dusíkaté bázy polymerizujú a tvoria polysacharidy, proteíny a nukleové kyseliny 4. Vznik sebareplikujúcej sa molekuly---začiatok biologickej evolúcie
Chapter 19. History of Life on Earth
Chapter 19 History of Life on Earth Opening Activity Draw a picture of what you think Earth s first life form may have looked like and label the parts of the organism. Content Objectives I will be able
More informationOrigin of Life: I Monomers to Polymers"
Origin of Life: I Monomers to Polymers Questions What two kinds of molecules are essential for all life on Earth? What building blocks are these two molecules made of? Synthesis of Monomers Life arose
More informationOrigin of Life: I Monomers to Polymers
Origin of Life: I Monomers to Polymers Synthesis of Monomers Life appears early on Earth (3-4 Gyr ago) Conditions: Liquid water Earth in HZ Reducing or Neutral atmosphere NH 3, CH 4, H 2 O, H 2 or CO 2,
More informationThe Origin of Life on Earth
Study Guide The Origin of Life on Earth Checking Your Knowledge You should be able to write out the definitions to each of the following terms in your own words: abiotic Miller-Urey experiment ribozyme
More informationClassification & History of Life
Classification & History of Life Today & next time Taxonomy Modes of Life Origin of Life Traditional new History of life Taxonomy: Organize life into related groups Traditional Taxonomy Grouped by shared
More informationBio 100 Study Guide 14.
Bio 100 Study Guide 14 http://www.swarthmore.edu/natsci/cpurrin1/evolk12/slm/origindayimages/06soup.jpg The Origin of Life 1. Conditions on early earth 2. Abiogenic synthesis organic molecules 3. Hot rocks
More informationBio-organic chemicals can be formed by simple inorganic processes involving basic C, H, O, S, and N compounds and a source of energy
ORIGIN OF CELLS Summary Bio-organic chemicals can be formed by simple inorganic processes involving basic C, H, O, S, and N compounds and a source of energy Concentration of substrates for synthetic reactions
More informationEarth s Early History. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview Earth s Early History
Lesson Overview 19.3 THINK ABOUT IT How did life on Earth begin? What were the earliest forms of life? How did life and the biosphere interact? Origin-of-life research is a dynamic field. But even though
More informationEnergy Requirement Energy existed in several forms satisfied condition 2 (much more UV than present no ozone layer!)
Biology 10 Chapter 19-3 p 553-558 Earth s Early History Objectives Describe the hypotheses scientists have about early Earth, and the origin of life. Describe the theory of how eukaryotic cells formed.
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 36. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 36 2 of 36 Formation of Earth Formation of Earth Hypotheses about Earth s early history are based on a relatively small amount of evidence. Gaps and uncertainties make it likely that scientific
More informationPTYS 214 Spring Announcements
PTYS 214 Spring 2018 Announcements Midterm #2 next Thursday (2/8)!!! Woah!!! Lunar eclipse tomorrow morning! - Begin: 3:51 am - Max: 6:30 am - Sets: 7:15 am - End: 9:08 am Observing project (may replace
More informationChemistry on the Early Earth
Chemistry on the Early Earth Peter Schuster Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Wien, Austria and The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA Germany-Japan Round Table Heidelberg, 01. 03.11.2011
More informationBio 100 Study Guide 14.
Bio 100 Study Guide 14 http://www.swarthmore.edu/natsci/cpurrin1/evolk12/slm/origindayimages/06soup.jpg The Origin of Life - Issues i. Conditions on early earth ii. iii. iv. Abiogenic synthesis organic
More informationThe History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn
14 The History of Life section 1 Fossil Evidence of Change Before You Read Throughout Earth s history, many species have become extinct. On the lines below, name some organisms that have become extinct.
More informationEvidence indicates that a sequence of chemical events preceded the origin of life on Earth and that life has evolved continuously since that time.
Section 2: Evidence indicates that a sequence of chemical events preceded the origin of life on Earth and that life has evolved continuously since that time. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What
More informationThe Origins of Life on the Earth. Dr. Niles Lehman Department of Chemistry Portland State University
The Origins of Life on the Earth Dr. Niles Lehman Department of Chemistry Portland State University niles@pdx.edu the timeline of life Text Text Text Joyce (2002) Nature 418, 214-221 LIFE = a self-sustaining
More informationOrigin of Life. What is Life? The evolutionary tree of life can be documented with evidence. The Origin of Life on Earth is another
sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Origin of Life 500 Paleozoic 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago 1000 PROTEROZOIC Cenozoic Mesozoic 4000
More informationCell Biology 1.5- The Origin of Cells
Essential idea: There is an unbroken chain of life from the first cells on Earth to all cells in organisms alive today. Cell Biology 1.5- The Origin of Cells Nature of Science: Testing the general principles
More informationMonomers are atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers.
Monomers are atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers. There are four main types of monomer, including sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides.
More informationThe Nature & Origin of Life
The Nature & Origin of Life Steward OCN 201 Biology Section Lecture 1 What is Life? General Defining Features Of Life: Self-replication Maintenance of disequilibrium (order!) Controlled collection and
More informationBIOLOGY 161 EXAM 1 Friday, 8 October 2004 page 1
BIOLOGY 161 EXAM 1 Friday, 8 October 2004 page 1 PART 1 #1. Smoking tobacco (and the ammonia compounds added to cigarettes by some tobacco companies) has been a widely popular activity in this country
More informationOrigins How Life Began Chapter 18
You have to know: How do we know? Origins How Life Began Chapter 18 Sun was Born: 5 BYA Earth was born: 4.6 BYA >Big Bang 13.7BYA >Math of expansion of the Universe >Radio telescopes detecting radio waves
More informationFrom fundamental physics to the origins of life: ab initio Miller experiments
From fundamental physics to the origins of life: ab initio Miller experiments A. Marco Saitta Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC) Université Pierre et Marie Curie
More informationsparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20)
sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Life s Origin & Early Evolution (Ch. 20) 2007-2008 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago PRECAMBRIAN PROTEROZOIC 0 500 1000 Cenozoic
More information13.1 Originating Events
13.1 Originating Events Earth, and life on it, originated billions of years ago. Scientists have pieced together a scientific description of the initial conditions and events that may have resulted in
More informationFollows the scientific method (O,Q,H,E,C,R)
Science: study of man s surroundings, searches for reasons things happen Follows the scientific method (O,Q,H,E,C,R) Theology: study of religion based on Gods, faith, and searching for man s purpose on
More information11. What are the four most abundant elements in a human body? A) C, N, O, H, P B) C, N, O, P C) C, S, O, H D) C, Na, O, H E) C, H, O, Fe
48017 omework#1 on VVP Chapter 1: and in the provided answer template on Monday 4/10/17 @ 1:00pm; Answers on this document will not be graded! Matching A) Phylogenetic B) negative C) 2 D) Δ E) TS F) halobacteria
More informationJudith Herzfeld 1997,1999, These exercises are provided here for classroom and study use only. All other uses are copyright protected.
Judith Herzfeld 1997,1999, 2006 These exercises are provided here for classroom and study use only. All other uses are copyright protected. 5.1-110 In any process, ΔEsys = (a) ΔEsurr (b) -ΔEsurr (c) 0
More informationHow did they form? Exploring Meteorite Mysteries
Exploring Meteorite Mysteries Objectives Students will: recognize that carbonaceous chondrite meteorites contain amino acids, the first step towards living plants and animals. conduct experiments that
More informationText Readings. Chapter # 17 in Audesirk, Audesirk and Byers: The History of Life Pg. # Geologic Time...
Text Readings Chapter # 17 in Audesirk, Audesirk and Byers: The History of Life Pg. # 332-145. Geologic Time........ Geological Sources - 4.5 Billion Years Atmospheric Gases: Nitrogen (N 2 ) Water Vapor
More informationThe Nature & Origin of Life
The Nature & Origin of Life Steward OCN 201 Biology Section Lecture 1 What is Life? General Defining Features Of Life: Self-replication Maintenance of disequilibrium (order!) Controlled collection and
More informationFirst, an supershort History of the Earth by Eon
HISTORY OF LIFE WRITTEN IN THE ROCKS (geological record): notice how at first no life, very simple if for billions of years, complex life only recently 600 mya In these chapters, two primary themes: History
More informationEnzyme Catalysis & Biotechnology
L28-1 Enzyme Catalysis & Biotechnology Bovine Pancreatic RNase A Biochemistry, Life, and all that L28-2 A brief word about biochemistry traditionally, chemical engineers used organic and inorganic chemistry
More informationLife & Mystery Topic. 51 Pegasi
Life & Mystery Topic Mystery topic What is needed for life? Test 2 on Tues, Feb 27 Large majority on solar system Some question on telescopes & topics covered in test 1 Format similar to Test 1 Practice
More informationMonday-Tuesday (1/7-1/8)
Monday-Tuesday (1/7-1/8) You have 4 minutes to write the following about your winter break: 3 things you did 2 places you went 1 favorite memory Geologic Time Line Contest 1. Start of the age of the dinosaurs
More informationOrigin of Life. Kai Finster Department of Bioscience Stellar Astrophysics Center
Origin of Life Kai Finster Department of Bioscience Stellar Astrophysics Center Quotes: The undreamt of breakthrough of molecular biology has made the problem of the origin of life a greater riddle than
More informationChapter 11. The Archean Era of Precambrian Time
Chapter 11 The Archean Era of Precambrian Time 1 Guiding Questions When and how did Earth and its moon come into being? How did the core, mantle, crust form? Where did Archean rocks form, and what is their
More informationDental Biochemistry EXAM I
Dental Biochemistry EXAM I August 29, 2005 In the reaction below: CH 3 -CH 2 OH -~ ethanol CH 3 -CHO acetaldehyde A. acetoacetate is being produced B. ethanol is being oxidized to acetaldehyde C. acetaldehyde
More informationPhylogeny & Systematics
Phylogeny & Systematics Phylogeny & Systematics An unexpected family tree. What are the evolutionary relationships among a human, a mushroom, and a tulip? Molecular systematics has revealed that despite
More informationThe early atmosphere of the Earth. Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of life. The early climate of the Earth: the Faint Young Sun paradox
The early atmosphere of the Earth Prebiotic chemistry and the origin of life Planets and Astrobiology (2016-2017) G. Vladilo The primary atmosphere of the Earth must have been lost This is deduced from
More informationThe Nature & Origin of Life
The Nature & Origin of Life OCN 201 Biology Section Lecture 1 Grieg Steward Oceanography Department grieg@hawaii.edu What is Life? 2 What is Life? General Defining Features Of Life: Self-replication Maintenance
More informationThe Eagle Nebulae: nebulae.html
Early Earth and Beginnings of Life I. Physical forces and Life II. Formation of the Earth The Eagle Nebulae: nebulae.html This is the Eagle Nebula taken by the Hubble telescope on the first of April 1995.
More informationEvolution of the Atmosphere: The Biological Connection
Evolution of the Atmosphere: The Biological Connection The Earth s Four Spheres How It All Began Or At Least How We Think It Began O.k. it s a good guess Egg of energy The Big Bang splattered radiation
More informationThe tree of life: Darwinian chemistry as the evolutionary force from cyanic acid to living molecules and cells
The tree of life: Darwinian chemistry as the evolutionary force from cyanic acid to living molecules and cells Nils G. Walter Chemistry So far we are here Chemistry Chemical Evolution Self-organization
More information4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Vitalism vs Mechanism
More informationPaper Rough Draft. ET: Astronomy 230. Molecular Basis of Life. Outline. HW #6 is due Friday Presentations Wednesday Oct 12th
ET: Astronomy 230 Paper Rough Draft This Class (Lecture 20): Origin of Life Next Class: Michael Cellini Elisha Reichert Corey Osland HW #6 is due Friday Presentations Wednesday Oct 12th Michael Cellini
More informationFrom Habitability to the Origin and Evolution of Life. Gerda Horneck DLR, Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Köln
From Habitability to the Origin and Evolution of Life Gerda Horneck DLR, Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin, Köln gerda.horneck@dlr.de Folie 1 > Horneck Heidelberg Joint Astronomical Colloquium, 22.11.2011
More informationAstrobiology. Joseph Spitale
Astrobiology Joseph Spitale 1 What is Astrobiology? Science that studies the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe - Combines many sciences: Biology, Chemistry, Planetary
More informationOnline Quiz Chapter 16 Due Wednesday at 11:59PM. Online Quiz Chapter 7 Due Wednesday at 11:59PM. Online Quiz Chapter 8 Due Wednesday at 11:59PM
Reminders I 1 Online Quiz Chapter 16 Due Wednesday at 11:59PM 2 Online Quiz Chapter 7 Due Wednesday at 11:59PM 3 Online Quiz Chapter 8 Due Wednesday at 11:59PM 4 Online Quiz Chapter 18 Due Friday at 11:59PM
More informationWhere did all this come from?
Where did all this come from? BIG BANG makes Hydrogen (H2), Helium (He) Ammonia (NH3) Formaldehyde (H2CO) Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) Methane (CH4) or Carbon dioxide (CO2) 2(H2CO) + (HCN) -> Glycolaldehyde
More informationChapter 26. Origin of Life
Chapter 26. Origin of Life 1 The history tree of life can be documented with evidence as already discussed. The Origin of Life on Earth is another story 2 Origin of Life hypothesis Abiotic synthesis of
More informationChapter 14 The History of Life
Section 1: Fossil Evidence of Change Section 2: The Origin of Life Click on a lesson name to select. 14.1 Fossil Evidence of Change Land Environments Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Gravity pulled
More informationsparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Origin of Life
sparked by just the right combination of physical events & chemical processes Origin of Life 2010-2011 ARCHEAN Millions of years ago PRECAMBRIAN PROTEROZOIC 0 500 1000 Cenozoic Mesozoic Paleozoic Colonization
More informationC1.7 EARTH AND ITS ATMOSPHERE
C1.7 EARTH AND ITS ATMOSPHERE Q1. (a) Scientists have suggested that: the Earth formed as a molten ball of rock and minerals the rock and minerals cooled slowly the surface of the Earth was covered by
More informationAstronomy 330 HW 2. Presentations. Outline. ! Christopher Bisom
Astronomy 330 HW 2! Christopher Bisom http://www.exopolitics.org/! Joshua Beckman http://thealienproject.blogspot.com/2009/08/alienbaby-mexican-discovery-stumps.html! Connor Simmons http://www.roswellfiles.com
More informationMarks Reading Quizzes and Assignments
Marks Reading Quizzes and Assignments New marking scheme; grades in between NCR/CR, CR/CR+ Reading Quizes will be multiple choice, solely to make sure material is read Free points if you've done the reading
More informationOrigins of Life & the Cambrian Explosion
Origins of Life & the Cambrian Explosion Impact Frustration period forces origins of life into a narrow time period to have gotten started! Hydrothermal vents may have served as zones of refuge. Origin
More informationOrigins of Life & the Cambrian Explosion
Origins of Life & the Cambrian Explosion Impact Frustration period forces origins of life into a narrow time period to have gotten started! Hydrothermal vents may have served as zones of refuge. 1 Origin
More informationChapter Fourteen (Evolution)
1 SECTION ONE: BIOGENESIS Chapter Fourteen (Evolution) The principle of biogenesis states that all living things come from other living things. Even though this seems like common sense to people today,
More informationEarth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago
Earth s Formation: 4.6 Billion Years ago Formed from interstellar gas & dust into molten planet Earth s early atmosphere was hostile, made of carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen, nitrogen, sulfur,
More informationAST 205. Lecture 18. November 19, 2003 Microbes and the Origin of Life. Precept assignment for week of Dec 1
AST 205. Lecture 18. November 19, 2003 Microbes and the Origin of Life Context Definition of life Cells, the atoms of life Major classes & families of cells Origin/evolution of biochemistry of life Origin/evolution
More informationChapter 24 Lif i e n the Universe
Chapter 24 Life in the Universe ASTROBIOLOGY A FIELD OF SERIOUS STUDY NASA ASTROBIOLGY Life on Earth Our goals for learning When did life arise on Earth? How did life arise on Earth? What are the necessities
More informationIntelligent Life in the Universe
Intelligent Life in the Universe Lecture 33 APoD: Easter Island Eclipse In-Class Question 1) Do you think life exists elsewhere in the Universe? a) Yes b) No c) Don t know d) Don t care 2 33-1 Lecture
More informationQUESTION 1 Which two functional groups react to form the peptide link found in proteins?
QUESTION 1 Which two functional groups react to form the peptide link found in proteins? NH and NH and NH2 and and NH2 A 2 B 2 C D OH COOH OH COOH QUESTION 2 The elements present in proteins are A B C
More informationWrite the events about the origins of life on Earth in order from oldest to youngest
Write the events about the origins of life on Earth in order from oldest to youngest 1. Earth forms 2. First organic molecules (such as amino acids) appear 3. First anaerobic prokaryotic cells appear 4.
More informationCalculating extra credit from clicker points. Total points through last week: Participation: 6 x 2 = 12 Performance: = 26
Clicker Questions, Test 2 February 10, 2016, Outline 7 1. Darwin coined the term Natural Selection to contrast with what other term? A. Evolutionary Selection B. Competition C. Artificial Selection D.
More informationChemistry of Carbon. Building Blocks of Life
Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life 2007-2008 Why study Carbon? All of life is built on carbon Cells ~72% H2O ~25% carbon compounds carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids ~3% salts Na, Cl,
More informationCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity
More informationUNIT 4: EVOLUTION Chapter 12: The History of Life. I. The Fossil Record (12.1) A. Fossils can form in several ways
UNIT IV Chapter 12 The History Of Life UNIT 4: EVOLUTION Chapter 12: The History of Life I. The Fossil Record (12.1) A. Fossils can form in several ways 1. Permineralization- minerals carried by water
More informationThe History of Life. Before You Read. Read to Learn
14 The History of Life section 1 Fossil Evidence of Change Before You Read Throughout Earth s history, many species have become extinct. On the lines below, name some organisms that have become extinct.
More informationCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity
More informationASTR 390 Astrobiology
ASTR 390 Astrobiology Abiotic Origins of Life on Earth Prof. Geller Some Thoughts on Life s Origins Searching for the origin Functional beginnings of life From chemistry to biology at the molecular level
More informationCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity
More informationEVOLUTION OF PLANTS THROUGH AGES
EVOLUTION OF PLANTS THROUGH AGES B. Sc. III Botany Dr. (Miss) Kalpana R. Datar Assistant Professor DEPARTMENTOF BOTANY WILLINGDON COLLEGE, SANGLI. kalpana_datar@yahoo.com The origin of Earth 1.Ultra dense,
More informationName Date Class. scientists were led to believe once again that these organisms must have arisen (7).
Name Date Class Chapter 14 The History of Life, continued Section 14.2 The Origin of Life In your textbook, read about origins: the early ideas. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
More informationLife on Earth, Lessons Learned
Life on Earth, Lessons Learned 11-30-2005 Opening Discussion Have you seen anything interesting in the news? How much does the carbon cycle matter to the global warming debate? The key is the timescale.
More informationASTR 390 Astrobiology
ASTR 390 Astrobiology Abiotic Origins of Life on Earth Prof. Geller 1 Some Thoughts on Life s Origins Searching for the origin Functional beginnings of life From chemistry to biology at the molecular level
More informationWhere did all this come from?
Where did all this come from? BIG BANG makes Hydrogen (H2), Helium (He) Ammonia (NH3) Formaldehyde (H2CO) Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) Methane (CH4) or Carbon dioxide (CO2) 2(H2CO) + (HCN) -> Glycolaldehyde
More informationThe origin of life, on Earth and Elsewhere
Koninklijk Royal Netherlands Nederlands Institute Instituut for Sea voor Research Zeeonderzoek The origin of life, on Earth and Elsewhere Jan W. de Leeuw - NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research,
More informationHow Life Began. In the Beginning
How Life Began by James Trefil In the Beginning There are few phrases in the English language more freighted with meaning than this. Veteran lecturers know that there is nothing that evokes a sense of
More informationBIOLOGY. Chapter 2.3 THE CHEMICAL FOUNDATION OF LIFE CARBON
BIOLOGY Chapter 2.3 THE CHEMICAL FOUNDATION OF LIFE CARBON Living Organisms Forms complex molecules 4 valance electrons Carbon Atom Carbon can bond to four other atoms or groups of atoms, making a large
More informationCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity
More informationScience of the Sea - Biology. Erica Goetze Department of Oceanography Marine Science Building 631. Zooplankton Ecologist
Science of the Sea - Biology Erica Goetze Department of Oceanography egoetze@hawaii.edu, Marine Science Building 631 Zooplankton Ecologist Zooplankton Ecologist Population genetics and evolutionary ecology:
More informationUNIT 4: EVOLUTION Chapter 12: The History of Life
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned
More informationPROPERTY OF: BIOLOGY UNIT 3 CHAPTER 19 NOTES THE HISTORY OF LIFE
PROPERTY OF: BIOLOGY UNIT 3 CHAPTER 19 NOTES THE HISTORY OF LIFE Spontaneous Generation - theory that life arises from non-life (early-mid 1700 s) EX: rotting meat became covered with flies and maggots
More informationCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity
More informationGENESIS: The Scientific Quest for Life s Origin. The Brookings Institution June 15, 2007 Robert Hazen, Geophysical Laboratory
GENESIS: The Scientific Quest for Life s Origin The Brookings Institution June 15, 2007 Robert Hazen, Geophysical Laboratory Chemical Evolution Life arose by a natural process of emergent complexity, consistent
More informationAstronomy 330. Presentations HW 2. Top Ten Reasons Why You re Ready for Astro 330 after your Spring Break
Top Ten Reasons Why You re Ready for Astro 330 after your Spring Break Astronomy 330 10) It is officially Spring vernal equinox was last Tuesday. 9) You missed seeing Frank Drake s face on my slides. 8)
More informationSECTION 14-1 REVIEW BIOGENESIS. 2. The purpose of the netting in Redi s experiment was to prevent
SECTION 14-1 REVIEW BIOGENESIS VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. biogenesis 2. spontaneous generation 3. vital force MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. One of the
More informationChapter 4. Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Lecture Outline Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Overview: Carbon The Backbone of Life Although cells are 70 95% water, the rest consists of mostly carbon-based compounds. Carbon enters
More informationFrom soup to cells the origin of life
From soup to cells the origin of life A microbe-like cellular filament found in 3.465 billion year old rock Evolution encompasses a wide range of phenomena: from the emergence of major lineages, to mass
More information3. Evolutionary change is random because gene mutations are random. A. True B. False
Clicker Questions, Test 2 February 9, 2015, Outline 7 1. Darwin coined the term Natural Selection to contrast with what other term? A. Evolutionary Selection B. Competition C. Artificial Selection D. Survival
More informationThe Physical Basis of Life
Origins of Life Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 19 Learning Outcomes: The Physical Basis of Life All life forms on Earth, from viruses to complex mammals (including humans) are based on carbon chemistry.
More informationCarolina Origin of Life Kit for AP Biology
Student Guide NAME DATE. Carolina Origin of Life Kit for AP Biology Imagine that you are a scientist interested in studying the origin of life in a lab setting. This has never been accomplished before,
More informationBiomolecules. Energetics in biology. Biomolecules inside the cell
Biomolecules Energetics in biology Biomolecules inside the cell Energetics in biology The production of energy, its storage, and its use are central to the economy of the cell. Energy may be defined as
More informationCarbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Dr. Wendy Sera Houston Community College Biology 1406 Key Concepts in Chapter 4: 1. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds 2. Carbon atoms
More informationX The evolution of life on Earth.
X The evolution of life on Earth http://sgoodwin.staff.shef.ac.uk/phy229.html 10.0 Introduction A combination of the fossil record, biology and genetics allows us to examine the evolution of life on Earth.
More informationgeologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years
Geologic Time Geologic Time geologic age of Earth - about 4.6 billion years Geologic Time very difficult to appreciate from our human perspective necessary to understand history of Earth two basic ways
More informationBiology. Slide 1 / 44. Slide 2 / 44. Slide 3 / 44. Origins of Life Multiple Choice
Slide 1 / 44 Slide 2 / 44 iology Origins of Life Multiple hoice 2015-10-14 www.njctl.org 1 Where did the heavier elements, present in our solar system, come from? Slide 3 / 44 collisions between the earth
More informationThe Origin of Cells (1.5) IB Diploma Biology
The Origin of Cells (1.5) IB Diploma Biology Cell theory states that: All living things are composed of cells (or cell products) The cell is the smallest unit of life Cells only arise from pre-existing
More information