By Hannah Poth. College Chemistry. Period 6

Transcription

1 Families of Elements By Hannah Poth College Chemistry Period 6

2 Hydrogen (H) It belongs to group one, but does not have a group name. It has 1 valence electron. Forms 1 cation It is the lightest and most simple element. It belongs to this group because of its valence electrons. The atomic number is 1. It is a colorless and odorless gas. When mixed with oxygen it makes water. It is found in the sun and stars. it is highly flammable

3 Potassium (K) Potassium belongs to group #1, the Alkali metals. It has 1 valence electron It forms one positive cation They are the most reactive group. They all belong in group one because they all have one valence electron, therefore they react the same. The atomic number is 19. They are less dense than most elements. It s a soft, silvery metal Tarnishes within minutes Used in fertilizers

4 Beryllium (Be) Belongs to Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals. Has 2 valence electrons Forms two positive cations Less reactive than Alkali metals They all belong to group two, because they all have 2 valence electrons, therefore they are less reactive than group 1. The atomic number is 4. A low-density silvery metal. Used in missiles, high-speed aircrafts, and spacecrafts. It s toxic and carcinogenic. Discovered by Louis Nicolas in 1778.

5 Silver (Ag) Silver belongs to groups 3-12, the transition metal, particularly group 11. It forms a positive cation It s pulled from the middle of the periodic table, so it doesn t follow the same role as the others. It is malleable, which means it can be stretched and poured into different shapes. They all belong in groups 3-12 because they have a different trend than the other groups. They may form one or two cations. They are less reactive than groups 1 & 2. Its atomic number is 47. Silver is naturally found by itself. A good conductor of electricity Used for jewelry, coins, utensils, etc. it is a soft, white metal.

6 Gallium (Ga) Belongs to group 13, the Boron Family. It has 3 valence electrons. It forms three positive cations. Atomic radius increases down the group They all belong in this group because they have the same valence electrons and react the same. The atomic # is 31. Its color is a silvery-blue Considered to be non-toxic The origin of the name comes from the Latin word Gallia, meaning France. Becomes liquid when heated slightly.

7 Lead (Pb) Lead belongs to the 14th group, the Carbon Family. 4 valence electrons It usually shares ions They are the most common elements on earth. They all belong to this group because they have the same valence electrons and react the same. The atomic number is 82. It is a easily-worked metal used in pipes, pewter, and paint. it is used as a metal and dioxide in batteries. It has been mined for over 6,000 years. It s a blue-white shiney metal

8 Phosphorus (P) It belongs to group 15, the Nitrogen Family. It has 5 valence electrons. Forms 3 negative anions. Melting points decrease down the group. They all belong to this group because they all have the same valence electrons and react the same. The atomic number is 15. it is recognized as a distinct substance in 1669 by Hennig Brand. It s standard color is a waxy white solid. It is poisonous and very flammable. The largest use is for fertilizers.

9 Tellurium (Te) Belongs to group 16, the Oxygen Family. It has 6 valence electrons. Forms 2 negative anions. They can be found in nature, both free and combined states. They all belong to this group because they have the same valence electrons and react the same. The atomic number is 52. Has a silvery, white color It is an extremely rare element. It is not toxic or carcinogenic When humans are exposed to too much of it their breath starts to smell garlic-like.

10 Fluorine (F) Belongs to the 17th group, the Halogens Family. It has 7 valence electrons It forms 1 negative anion MOst reactive non-metal They all belong to this group because they have the same valence electrons and so they react the same. The atomic number is 9 It is a very pale yellow green It is dangerously reactive It is used in salts and toothpaste. There was no commercial production of fluorine until World War II.

11 Krypton (Kr) Belongs to group 18, the noble gases. It has 8 valence electrons They do not need to gain, lose, or share. They are all gases. They all belong to this group because they have the same valence electrons and are all gases. The atomic number is 36. It is used in lighting products. It s colorless and odorless. It is a product of nuclear reactors. It is reactive enough to form other chemical compounds.

12 Ytterbium (Yb) It belongs to the Lanthanide Family. It does not follow the role of number of valence electrons, cations, or anions. This Family can be very difficult to separate from each other. They all belong to this Family because they are all very rare on earth. The atomic number is 70. More abundant than tin. It is un-toxic It was Founded in 1794 It is used little outside research.

13 Einsteinium (Es) It belongs to the Actinide Family. It does not follow the role of number of valence electrons, cations, or anions. All Actinides are radioactive and give off high energy particles. They belong to this Family because they all have very large atomic and ionic radii. The atomic number is 99. Facts/used: It is soft and silvery It was found in the debris of the first hydrogen bomb in The element was named after Albert Einstein. Has no uses outside of research.