DO NOW: 2/25/14. elements in his periodic table to how the elements are organized in the modern periodic table. each of the 7 main.
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1 DO NOW: 2/25/14 n Take out your 5.2 HW Questions & Ch. 5 Notes n On Do Now Sheet (write answer in a complete sentence) 1. Compare how did Mendeleev organize the elements in his periodic table to how the elements are organized in the modern periodic table. 2. Elements that start off each row also start off each of the 7 main. 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 1
2 5.3 REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS n Vocabulary: valence electron, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases n Objectives: n Relate the number of valence electrons to groups in the periodic table and to properties of elements in those groups. n Predict the reactivity of some elements based on their locations within a group. n Identify some properties of common A group elements. 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 2
3 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 3
4 VALENCE ELECTRONS n 2 numbering schemes n A Groups n numbered 1-8 n # matches # of valence electrons in electron configuration for element in that group 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 4
5 VALENCE ELECTRONS n valence electron - electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom n key role in chemical reactions Na Mg Al Si n properties vary across a period b/c the # of valence electrons increases left à right 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 5
6 VALENCE ELECTRONS n electron configuration determines an element s chemical properties & therefore elements within the same group have similar chemical properties (from 5.2) n elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same # of valence electrons 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 6
7 Li Na K VALENCE ELECTRONS properties will not be identical because valence electrons are in different energy levels Rb Cs Fr 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 7
8 VALENCE ELECTRONS HYDROGEN QUESTION: n If hydrogen is a nonmetal gas that seems to have more in common with Group 17 nonmetals than Group 1 metals, why is it located on the left side of the periodic table with the active metals? 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 8
9 VALENCE ELECTRONS HYDROGEN ANSWER n hydrogen s location is related to its electron configuration & # of valence electrons, not its properties n has 1 valence electron so it is grouped with other elements that have only 1 valence electron 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 9
10 GROUP 1A: THE ALKALI METALS n 1 valence electron n properties: extremely reactive n found in nature only in compounds n example: table salt NaCl 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 10
11 GROUP 1A: THE ALKALI METALS lithium Least Reactive sodium potassium rubidium the reactivity of alkali metals increases from the top of Group 1A to the bottom cesium francium Most Reactive 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 11
12 GROUP 1A: THE ALKALI METALS What properties of sodium are shown in the photos? 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 12
13 GROUP 1A: THE ALKALI METALS n Sodium n soft (unlike most metals) n melting point: 98 C n density < water n reacts with water à n hydrogen gas produced n enough energy released to ignite the hydrogen gas 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 13
14 GROUP 1A: THE ALKALI METALS DID YOU KNOW? n Francium n most unstable of the 1 st 103 elements n longest lived isotope, francium-223, has a half-life of only 22 minutes n only about one ounce of francium on Earth at any moment 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 14
15 GROUP 2A: THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS Beryllium - No change when added to water. Magnesium - reacts with hot water Calcium - reacts easily with cold water Strontium - reacts easily with cold water Barium - reacts easily with cold water Radium Least Reactive Most Reactive n valence electrons: 2 n properties: metals; harder than metals in Group 1A n differences in reactivity among the alkaline earth metals are shown by the way they react with water 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 15
16 THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS: MAGNESIUM & CALCIUM (Pg 141) n magnesium & calcium have essential biological functions & provide materials used in construction & transportation n Mg: helps plants produce sugar & can be used to make light weight bicycle frames n Ca: helps build strong teeth & bones & is the main ingredient in limestone 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 16
17 GROUP 3A: THE BORON FAMILY n valence electrons: 3 n glass containing boron used in lab glassware & some cookware n aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth s crust n often combined with O in mineral called bauxite n strong, lightweight, malleable, & good conductor 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 17
18 GROUP 4A THE CARBON FAMILY Carbon Silicon Germanium Tin Lead Least Metallic Most Metallic n valence electrons: 4 n properties: metallic nature of elements increases from top to bottom within group. 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, 2 metals n except for water, most compounds in your body contain carbon n silicon 2 nd most abundant element in Earth s crust 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 18
19 GROUP 5A: THE NITROGEN FAMILY n valence electrons: 5 n properties: Wide range of physical properties n besides nitrogen, fertilizers often contain phosphorus 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 19
20 GROUP 6A: THE OXYGEN FAMILY n valence electrons: 6 n oxygen n most abundant element in Earth s crust n ozone is form of oxygen n sulfur n 1 of 1 st elements discovered n large natural deposits 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 20
21 GROUP 7A THE HALOGENS n valence electrons: 7 n properties: highly reactive nonmetals (& metalloid); reacts easily with most metals n despite their physical differences, the halogens have similar chemical properties 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 21
22 GROUP 8A THE NOBLE GASES n valence electrons: 8 n helium has 2 valence electrons n properties: colorless & odorless & extremely unreactive nonmetals n can be very useful n used to prevent reactions with such highly reactive elements as oxygen. 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 22
23 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 23
24 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 24
25 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 25
26 LINKS n David s Wizzy Periodic Table - Click on Element to See Atom Structure. n Interactive Periodic Table of Elements custom/chemistry/custom/che1.4-pg-table.shtml 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 26
27 LINKS n Alkali & Alkali Earth Metals n Comparing 4 Halogens n Brainiac Video 2/25/14 Chapter 5: The Periodic Table 27
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