Name Date. U1L1 Lesson Review

Transcription

1 Name Date Main Ideas U1L1 Lesson Review Read each item. Then select the letter next to the best answer. 1. Silicon is the second most common element in the Earth s crust, and the eighth most abundant element in the entire universe! It can be found in its pure elemental form and can also be used to make computer chips, both of which are shown below. Which of the following units would be most appropriate for measuring length at the scale of the silicon atoms in these two items? A. Centimeters B. Millimeters C. Nanometers D. Picometers 2. For the last decade, scientists have been working to make atoms of element 119. Scientists predict that once it is made, it will belong to the group known as the alkali metals, which contains elements like lithium, sodium, and potassium. However, all recent efforts to make element 119 have failed because heavy elements tend to be very unstable. Which of the following would be considered a criterion for successfully making atoms of element 119? A. The atoms must be discovered within the next few years. B. The atoms do not cause damage or pollution to the environment. C. The atoms are stable enough to be observed for a set amount of time. D. The atoms can be made using the limited funding provided by the government.

2 3. A student is writing a report on the properties of fluorine. She decides to include a brief section about other elements that are similar to fluorine. In order to find similar elements, she looks up where fluorine is located on the periodic table of elements shown below. The student wants to select the elements similar to fluorine. Which of the following sets of elements should be included? A. Helium, sulfur, and argon, because they are diagonal from fluorine. B. Oxygen, neon, and chlorine, because they are connected to fluorine. C. Nitrogen, oxygen, and neon, because they are in the same row as fluorine. D. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine, because they are in the same column as fluorine. 4. Throughout history, scientists have been known to copy ideas from their peers. Dmitry Mendeleev was no exception he arranged all of the elements known at the time according to their atomic masses, just as Johann Döbereiner and John Newlands did before him. However, Mendeleev intentionally left blank spaces in his working version of the periodic table of elements. Which statement best explains the importance of the blank spaces in Mendeleev s version of the periodic table of elements? A. They predicted the existence of elements that had not yet been discovered. B. They were used to prevent other scientists from accusing him of plagiarism. C. They established a different method for arranging newly discovered elements. D. They represented errors that other scientists had made when arranging the elements.

3 5. In the 1800s, pure aluminum metal was so valuable that it was worth as much as gold! Now, aluminum is relatively cheap and can be used to make all sorts of products, like the aluminum cans shown below. To avoid using very large numbers, or very small numbers, people choose a unit appropriate to the scale of the object. The mass of only one can could be measured in grams, but the large block of recycled cans would more likely be measured in kilograms. Which of the following units would be most appropriate for measuring mass at the scale of a single aluminum atom? A. Daltons B. Ounces C. Milligrams D. Pounds

4 Think Like a Scientist Read about each scientific investigation. Then answer the three questions that follow the investigation by selecting the letter next to the best answer. Investigation Atoms exist on an incredibly small scale. Scientists had to develop new technology, the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM), in order to see atoms. Likewise, scientists had to develop new technology in order to weigh atoms. The machine used to determine the mass of different atoms in a mixture of elements is called the Mass Spectrometer (MS). A simplified diagram of how a MS works is provided below.

5 6. A scientist injects a sample made of atoms of the following elements into the Mass Spectrometer. Using the diagram of the Mass Spectrometer, choose the detector that would detect each element. A. Detector 1 = antimony, detector 2 = tellurium, detector 3 = iodine B. Detector 1 = antimony, detector 2 = iodine, detector 3 = tellurium C. Detector 1 = tellurium, detector 2 = antimony, detector 3 = iodine D. Detector 1 = tellurium, detector 2 = iodine, detector 3 = antimony 7. According to the diagram of the Mass Spectrometer, what does the magnet do in a Mass Spectrometer? A. Separates the atoms by their mass B. Turns the atoms into tiny gas particles C. Catches the atoms as they go through the MS D. Calculates the approximate mass of the atoms 8. A scientist injects a sample containing carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms into the MS. Before she has a chance to run her sample through the machine, another scientist accidentally injects a sample containing nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, fluorine atoms, and neon atoms into the MS. Both samples are then run simultaneously in the MS. How many masses will be detected by the MS? A. Three, because only the three types of atoms in the first sample will be detected. B. Four, because only the four types of atoms in the second sample will be detected. C. Seven, because a total of seven types of atoms in both samples will be detected. D. Five, because only the five types of atoms in both samples will be detected.

6 9. The American Chemical Society celebrates National Chemical Week every year during the last week of October. For their family science night event, they have invited you to give a brief presentation about elements and the periodic table of elements at their headquarters. To assist you in preparing for this presentation, they have provided you with the periodic table of elements shown below. Your two-paragraph presentation should include the following: What atoms and elements are, and why they are important to study and understand. Why certain properties of atoms can be observed unaided, while other properties require special tools to observe. How the periodic table is organized, and what kind of information is available in the periodic table, citing specific examples. Maintain a formal style that includes a topic sentence and transition phrases. Use the vocabulary in the Word Bank. WORD BANK atom atomic mass chemical symbol element periodic table scale