Calculate the mass of L of oxygen gas at 25.0 C and 1.18 atm pressure.
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1 142 Calculate the mass of L of oxygen gas at 25.0 C and 1.18 atm pressure. Volume of a 10'x10'x8' room 1) First, find the MOLES of gas using the ideal gas equation and the information given. 2) Convert moles of gas to mass using formula weight.
2 143 CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS WITH THE GAS LAWS Given 25.0 g of sodium bicarbonate and sufficient sulfuric acid, what volume of carbon dioxide gas would be produced at 25.0 C and atm pressure? 1) Convert 25.0 g sodium bicarbonate to moles. Use FORMULA WEIGHT 2) Convert moles sodium bicarbonate to moles carbon dioxide. Use CHEMICAL EQUATION 3) Convert moles carbon dioxide to volume. Use IDEAL GAS EQUATION.
3 144 What volume would the gas in the last example problem have at STP? STP: "Standard Temperature and Pressure" (0 C and 1 atm) Alternate solution: Since we already calculated the moles of carbon dioxide, we could plug that and the STP pressure and temperature into the ideal gas equation!
4 145 At 300 C, ammonium nitrate violently decomposes to produce nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and water vapor. What is the total volume of gas that would be produced at 1.00 atm by the decomposition of 15.0 grams of ammonium nitrate? Since gas molecules behave the same way under the same conditions, let's simplify the problem by caclulating the TOTAL MOLES GAS instead of treating each gas separately! 1 - Convert 15.0 grams ammonium nitrate to moles. Use FORMULA WEIGHT. 2 - Convert moles ammonium nitrate to TOTAL MOLES GAS. Use CHEMICAL EQUATION 3 - Convert TOTAL MOLES GAS to volume. Use IDEAL GAS EQUATION
5 146 REAL GASES - The empirical gas laws (including the ideal gas equation) do not always apply. - The gas laws don't apply in situations where the assumptions made by kinetic theory are not valid. - When would it be FALSE that the space between gas molecules is much larger than the molecules themselves? - at high pressure, molecules would be much closer together! - When would it be FALSE that attractive and repulsive forces would be negligible? - at high pressure, attractions and repulsions should be stronger! - at low temperature, attractions and repulsions have a more significant affect on the paths of molecules slow (low T) fast (high T) -The gas laws are highly inaccurate near the point where a gas changes to liquid! - In general, the lower the pressure and the higher the temperature, the more IDEAL a gas behaves.
6 147 van der Waals equation - an attempt to modify PV = nrt to account for several facts. - gas molecules actually have SIZE (they take up space) - attractive and repulsive forces Ideal gas equation van der Waals equation attempts to account for molecular size attempts to account for attractive / repulsive forces * "a" and "b" are experimentally determined parameters that are different for each gas. tiny, no special attractive forces small, but strong attractions between moleculres larger, and strong attractions between molecules
7 L of chlorine gas at 25.0 C and 1.00 atm are used to make hydrochloric acid. How many kilograms of hydrochloric acid could be produced if all the chlorine reacts? 1) Convert 2500 L chlorine gas to moles. Use IDEAL GAS EQUATION. 2) Convert moles chlorine gas to moles HCl. Use CHEMICAL EQUATION 3) Convert moles HCl to mass. Use FORMULA WEIGHT. Report answer in kg!
8 149 If ml of M HCl solution reacts with sodium carbonate to produce 50.0 ml of carbon dioxide gas at K, what is the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas? 1 - Convert ml of M HCl to moles. Use MOLARITY. 2 - Convert moles HCl to moles carbon dioxide. Use CHEMICAL EQUATION. 3 - Convert moles carbon dioxide to PRESSURE carbon dioxide. Use IDEAL GAS EQUATION.
9 150 ENERGY - thermodynamics: the study of energy transfer Conservation of energy: Energy may change form, but the overall amount of energy remains constant. "first law of thermodynamics" -... but what IS energy? - energy is the ability to do "work" motion of matter Kinds of energy? - Kinetic energy: energy of matter in motion velocity - Potential energy: energy of matter that is being acted on by a field of force (like gravity) gravity When the ball falls, its potential energy is converted to kinetic!
- The empirical gas laws (including the ideal gas equation) do not always apply.
145 At 300 C, ammonium nitrate violently decomposes to produce nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and water vapor. What is the total volume of gas that would be produced at 1.00 atm by the decomposition of 15.0
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Calculate the mass of L of oxygen gas at 25.0 C and 1.18 atm pressure.
148 Calculate the mass of 22650 L of oxygen gas at 25.0 C and 1.18 atm pressure. 1 - Convert the volume of oxygen gas to moles using IDEAL GAS EQUATION 2 - Convert moles oxygen gas to mass using formula
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3. Which of the following compounds is soluble? The solubility rules are listed on page 8.
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