the drink won t rise very high in the straw vacuum straw 1 atm drink

Transcription

1 vacuum the drink won t rise very high in the straw straw 1 atm drink

2 vacuum the drink won t rise very high in the straw straw 1 atm drink

3 vacuum the drink won t rise very high in the straw straw atm drink

4 vacuum the drink won t rise very high in the straw straw atm drink

5 P 1 P 1/2

6 a) 2 CO (g) + O 2 (g) 2CO 2 (g) CO O 2 O 2 CO CO CO

7 a) 2 CO (g) + O 2 (g) 2CO 2 (g) the volume decreases CO 2 CO 2 CO2 CO 2

8 b) 2 CO (g) + O 2 (g) 2CO 2 (g) CO O 2 O 2 CO CO CO

9 b) 2 CO (g) + O 2 (g) 2CO 2 (g) the pressure decreases CO 2 CO 2 CO2 CO 2

10 a) O 2 32 g/mol He 4 g/mol At the same temperature the lighter will more particles moving at higher speeds

11 b) lower temp. higher temp. At higher temperature the more particles will be moving at higher speeds

12 c) most probable speed root mean square speed more opportunity for gas particles to move at high speed

13 HCl (g) g/mol NH4Cl (s) NH3 (g) g/mol NH4Cl solid will form closer to the HCl side because NH3 diffuses faster rate NH3 rate HCl MM HCl MM NH3

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15 vacuum atmospheric pressure mercury A Torricellian Barometer

16 vacuum atmospheric pressure 760 mm Hg (1 standard Atmosphere) 50 cm Hg x 10 mm Hg 1 cm Hg 500 mm Hg mercury A Torricellian Barometer

17 a) atm x 760 torr 1 atm 693 torr c) 655 mmhg x 1 atm 760 mmhg 693 torr d) x 10 5 pa x 1 kpa 1000 pa x 1 atm kpa atm

18 i) atm x 760 mmhg 1 atm mmhg

19 Patm h Pgas Patm - h Hg Pgas

20 Pgas Patm - h Hg i) atm x 760 mmhg mmhg 1 atm Pgas mmhg mmhg mmhg x 1 atm 0.31 atm 760 mmhg

21 ii) atm x 760 mmhg 1 atm mmhg

22 Pgas h Pgas Patm + h Hg

23 Pgas Patm + h Hg atm x 760 mmhg 1 atm mmhg Pgas mmhg mmhg mmhg x 1 atm 1.87 atm 760 mmhg

24 a) 752 torr 1 atm x 760 torr atm P1 V1 P2 V2 (0.989 atm)(5.12 L) ( 1.88 atm)(v2 ) V L

25 b) 752 torr 1 atm x 760 torr atm ºC 294 K V1 T1 V 2 T L 294 K V2 623 K V L

26 N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) 2NH 3 (g) 1.2 L 3.6 L n K V 2L NH L H 2 x 2.4 L NH 3 3 L H 2

27 a) T P 273 K 1 atm b) 22.4 L 1 mol at STP V nrt P c) (1 mol) ( Latm/molK)( )) 1 atm 24.4 L

28 a) V nrt P (1.50 mol)( Latm/molK)(273 + (-6)) 1.25 atm 26.6 L

29 b) T PV nr (0.987 atm) (0.478 L) (3.33 x 10-3 mol)( Latm/molK) 1.73 x 10 3 K

30 c) P nrt V ( mol)( Latm/molK)( ) L atm

31 d) n PV RT (0.111 atm) (126.5 L) ( Latm/molK) ( ) mol

32 n PV RT 735 torr 1 atm x 760 torr atm (0.967 atm) (2.25 L) ( Latm/molK) (273 K + 37) mol x 6.02 x molec x molec. 1 mol

33 b) n PV RT 735 torr 1 atm x 760 torr atm (1.00 atm) (5.0 x 10 3 L) ( Latm/molK) (273 K) mol x g air 1 mol x 1 kg 1000 g 6.46 kg air

34 a) n V P RT (0.970 atm) ( Latm/molK) ( ) 3.84 x 10-2 mol L x 46 g 1 mol NO g L

35 b) n PV RT 685 torr x 1 atm 760 torr atm (0.901 atm) (0.875 L) ( Latm/molK) ( ) 2.50 g 3.13 x 10-2 mol 80.2 g/mol

36 a) C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) + 6O 2 (g) 2CO 2 (g) + 6H 2 O (g) 1 mol 6 mol CO g C 6 H 12 O x x g 1 mol C 6 H 12 O 6 nrt V P ( mol)( Latm/molK)( ) atm 21.4 L

37 b) C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) + 6O 2 (g) 2CO 2 (g) + 6H 2 O (g) 1 mol 6 mol O g C 6 H 12 O x x g 1 mol C 6 H 12 O 6 nrt V P ( 1.67 mol) ( Latm/molK)(298 K) 1 atm 40.8 L

38 CaC 2 (s) + 2 H 2 O (l) Ca(OH) 2 (s) + C 2 H 2 (g) 1 mol CaC 2 1 mol C 2 H g CaC x x 2 64 g 1 mol CaC P 2 total - P P H C2 2 O H 2 1 atm 753 torr torr torr x 760 torr ( mol ) ( Latm/molK)( ) atm L

39 1 mol O g O x 1.6 mol O g 1 mol He 32.6 g He x 4 g 8.15 mol He

40 P O2 (1.6 mol ) ( Latm/molK)( ) 10.0 L 3.84 atm P O2 (8.15 mol )( Latm/molK)( ) 10.0 L 19.5 atm P He + P O 2 P total 19.5 atm atm 23.3 atm

41 moles A X ( P total ) ( A X P total moles A ) A total moles 7.5 mol N mol O mol CO mol

42 X A moles A total moles ( P total ) ( X A ) P A X N mol N mol X O mol O mol X CO mol CO mol 0.125

43 ( P total ) ( X A ) P A P ( 2.15 atm ) ( ) 1.3 atm N 2 N 2 P O 2 ( 2.15 atm ) ( ) 0.54 atm O 2 P ( 2.15 atm ) ( ) 0.27 atm CO 2 CO 2

44 a) false, the average KE of a gas is proportional to temperature. b) true c) false, the molecules at a given temperature exhibit a distribution of kinetic energies. d) true e) false, molecules exhibit a distribution of speeds at a given temperature.

45 a ) b ) c ) V RT n ( ) the 2 systems have the same number of molecules at STP. N 2 28 g/mol At STP N 2 is more dense CH 4 16 g/mol CH 4 lighter than N 2 and therefore it effuses faster P rate CH4 rate N2 MM N2 MM CH4

46 1 L rate O 2 31 s 1 L rate X 105 s L/s O L/s X rate O2 rate X MM X MM O L/s O L/s X MM X 32 g/mol MM X 370 g/mol

47 a ) Gases do not behave in an ideal way at high pressures and low temperatures

48 b ) gases take up space in their containers gas molecules attract each other

49 c ) PV n RT n should be constant under all conditions. negative deviation is due to attractive forces positive deviation is due to molecules taking up space in the container

50 a ) CCl 4 P nrt V T ( ) n 1.00 mol V 33.3 L (1.00 mol)( Latm/molK)( ) 33.3 L atm

51 b ) CCl 4 P nrt an 2 T ( ) - V - nb V 2 n 1.00 mol V 33.3 L (1.00 mol)( Latm/molK)( ) 33.3 L - (1.00 mol)(0.1383) atm (1.00 mol) 2 (33.3 L) 2

52 b ) CCl 4 P nrt an 2 - V - nb V 2 a 20.4 b stronger intermolecular attractions causes the pressure to be less than than an ideal gas

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