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1 TP CO 2 gas at 1 atm, 0 is heated to 1 atm, 60 ; then compressed to 75 atm, 60 ; then cooled to 75 atm, 0 ; then expanded to 73 atm, gas 2. supercritical fluid 3. liquid 4. solid Lecture CH2 A2 (MWF 11:15 am) Friday, February 9, 2018 Real gases: Gas law for real gases: van der Waals equation Phase diagrams Next: Begin ch12: Solutions and their behavior no class on Monday Triple point YouTube video: Supercritical fluid YouTube video: 0 of 0 1 While gas particles are tiny compared to the volume of their container, they do take up some space. The graphic illustrates the electron cloud of SF 6. Gas particles have a volume: van der Waals 5 7 1
2 TP Gas particles have a volume measured by van der Waals. For SF 6, 88 ml/mol. The percent of gas container volume taken up by the SF 6 molecules themselves is % % % % 5. 1% 6. 5% Gas particles have a volume: van der Waals b For SF 6, 88 ml/mol % of molar gas volume / 22 0% 0.40% Response Counter 8 9 A gas law for real gases: van der Waals equation We know the ideal gas law where does not account for interparticle attractions A gas law for real gases: van der Waals equation We know the ideal gas law where does not account for interparticle attractions and does not account for particle volume and does not account for particle volume Combine these two expressions into an equation relating,, and. This is known as the van der Waals equation 11 2
3 When is van der Waals equation is not needed? 1 If gas density, /, is very small, then effect of is negligible. If gas density, /, is very small, compared to molar volume, 1/, then effect of is negligible. So, and are important at high pressure, low volume, and low temperature, that is, near condensation the boiling point. Far from condensation, and have negligible effect, and so the ideal gas law,, can be used. 12 Phase diagrams 16 Phase diagrams Lines of versus for which different phases are present at the same time. That is, values of and for which different phases are in equilibrium. How about on blue line at 45 o C, point c?
4 What about the intersection marked A Triple point Liquid tert butyl alcohol, CCH 3 3 OH, can boil and freeze at the same time Supercritical fluid Supercritical transition of liquid Cl 2 Changes of phase CO 2 gas at 1 atm, 0 is heated to 1 atm, 60 ; then compressed to 75 atm, 60 ; then cooled to 75 atm, 0 ; then expanded to 73 atm,
5 TP CO 2 gas at 1 atm, 0 is heated to 1 atm, 60 ; then compressed to 75 atm, 60 ; then cooled to 75 atm, 0 ; then expanded to 73 atm, gas 2. supercritical fluid 3. liquid 4. solid Group quiz CO 2 at 1 atm, 0 is heated to 1 atm, 60 ; then compressed to 75 atm, 60 ; then cooled to 75 atm, 0 ; then expanded to 73 atm, 0. At this point, the CO 2 will have undergone a phase transition 1. once 2. twice 3. three times 4. None of the above 0 of Phase diagrams are specific to each substance Water CO 2 H 2 O phase diagram Is density of liquid H 2 O greater than that of solid H 2 O? How can we tell?
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TP The order of normal boiling points is Acetone, CH 3 C O CH 3 30.8 Diethyl ether, CH 3 CH 2 2 O 71.7 Ethanol, CH 3 CH 2 OH 7.87 Water, H 2 O 3.17 0 Lecture 13 CH1 A1 (MWF 9:05 am) Friday, October 6,
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TP An acid has K a 1.0 10 7 at 25 o C. In a c a 0.40 M solution of this acid solution, H 3 O 1. 0.40 2. 0.040 3. 0.0010 4. 0.0020 5. 0.00020 6. 0.00040 7. Something else Lecture 19 CH102 A1 (MWF 9:05 am)
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