Montana s Noxious Weeds: Weed Identification

Transcription

1 Montana s Noxious Weeds: Weed Identification MODULE 3

2 Priority 2A These weeds are common in isolated areas of Montana. Management criteria will require eradication or containment where less abundant. Management criteria shall be prioritized by local weeds districts.

3 Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut; Bugwood.org Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus), perennial Triangular in cross section Twisted ends Stems: Leafless Triangular in cross section Purplish brown bracts Umbrella-shaped clusters of pink to white flowers with three petals 1 in diameter.

4 Alison Fox, University of Florida, Bugwood.org Graves Lovell, Alabama Department of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bugwood.org Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Conneticut, Bugwood.org Eurasian watermilfoil (Myrophyllum spicatum), perennial Bright green Whorled around stem at joints Pink flowering spike rises above water surface Leaves whorled around stem Pairs of leaflets on the leaf

5 Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Micheal Shepard, USDAFS, Bugwood.org Tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), biennial or short-lived perennial Alternate Web-like hairs Deeply lobed Produce a strong odor when crushed Stems: Purplish Cobwebby hairs Yellow Resemble daisies Seedheads

6 Micheal Shepard, USDAFS, Bugwood.org Elizabeth Bella, USDAFS, Bugwood.org Tom Heutte, USDAFS, Bugwood.org Meadow hawkweed complex (Hieracium pretense, H. floribundum, H. piloselloides), perennial Notched petal tips Spatulate, mostly basal Dark green above and light green below Stems: Short, stiff hairs Few leaves Exudes a milky juice if cut Bright yellow 5-30 flower heads per stem Petals-notched tips Hairy stem Flowers

7 Michael Shepard, USDAFS, Bugwood.org Tom Heutte, USDAFS, Bugwood.org John Cardina, Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Orange hawkweed (Heiracium aurantiacum), perennial Roots Spatulate, mostly basal Hairy Darker green on top Stems: Bristly hairs Exudes a milky juice if cut Red-orange Petals-notched tips Seedheads Notched petal tips

8 John Cardina, Ohio State University, Bugwood.org John Cardina, Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Tall buttercup (Ranunculus acris), perennial Hairy Deeply lobed Stems: Branched Hairy Glossy yellow with greenish center Occur in clusters Foliage

9 Joseph M. Di Tomaso, University of California-Davis, Bugwood.org Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Conneticut, Bugwood.org Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium), perennial Alternate Petiolate Greenish gray green Prominent white midvein Four white petals Dense rounded clusters on branch tips Foliage

10 Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California-Davis, Bugwood.org Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Yellowflag iris (Iris pseudacorus), perennial Long & linear Dark green Emerge from ground in fanlike arrangement Raised mid-rib Yellow Light-brown to purple veins or flecks Fruits

11 Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org Rob Routledge,2 Sault College, Bugwood.org Stem/foliage Blueweed (Echium vulgare), biennial Covered with stiff hairs Alternate Stems: Covered with short hairs and scattered long stiff hairs Swollen dark bases that form flecks Bright blue Petals fused to form a short tube that flares

12 Priority 2B These weeds are abundant in Montana and widespread in many counties. Management criteria will require eradication or containment where less abundant. Management shall be prioritized by local weed districts.

13 John M. Randall, Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org Catherine Herms, Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana), biennial, perennial Grayish-green Star-shaped hairs White Deeply notched petals Hairy sepals that drop off

14 Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Bondak Hammeraas, Bioforsk-Norwegian Institute for Ag & Enviro Research, Bugwood.org Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), perennial Alternate Lanceolate Spine-tipped Stems: Slightly hairy Purple fading to white Form clusters at branch ends Seedheads

15 Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Phil Westra, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org Field bindweed (Convolulus arvensis), perennial Alternate Arrowhead shape All leaves grow on one side of stem Tubular or bellshaped White to pink Leaves

16 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Conneticut, Bugwood.org Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), perennial Alternate Contain a white milky sap if severed. Yellowish green Roots Buds that cause new plants

17 Steve Dewey, 3Utah State University, Bugwood.org John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org Whitetop (Cardaria draba), perennial Alternate Blue-green to gray-green Covered with soft white hairs White flowers Dense cluster creates a flat-top

18 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens), perennial Covered with fine hairs Gray-green Purple Papery tipped bracts

19 Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe), perennial Gray-green Pinkish-purple Dark spot on bract tip with fringed edges Spotted bracts that give this knapweed its name.

20 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Bugwood.org Diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa), biennial or short-lived perennial Gray-green Alternate Wooly hairs White or rarely pink Bracts-fringed with cream to brown colored spines Bracts with spines

21 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Bonnie Million, NPS, Bugwood.org Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica), perennial Flowers Pale green-blue green Heart-shaped Alternate Snap-dragon-like Bright yellow; orange throat, long spur Leaves Leaves clasp the stem

22 Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Eric Coombs, Oregon Dept of Ag, Bugwood.org St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum), perennial Oval-shaped Darker green above Tiny transparent dots on surface Opposite Yellow flowers Black glands along petal edges Black glands along petal edge Transparent dots in leaf

23 Sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta), perennial Palmately compound Light yellow Deeply notched petals Yellow center Both photos on this page courtesy of Theodore Webster, USDA-ARS, Bugwood.org

24 Mary Ellen (Mel) Harte, Bugwood.org Micheal Shepard, USDA-FS, Bugwood.org Common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), perennial Deeply divided into leaflets Toothed margins Alternate Yellow-orange Button-like flower heads

25 Mary Ellen (Mel) Harte, Bugwood.org Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Oxeye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), short-lived perennial Long narrow stalks, rounded teeth Upper stem leaves smaller toward apex, no stalk, toothed. White petals Yellow center

26 Mary Ellen (Mel) Harte, Bugwood.org Steve Hurst, USDA-NRCS Plants Database, Bugwood.org Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale), biennial Seeds Long & velvety Stem leaves alternate Scorpion-tail-shaped branch Reddish purple flowers

27 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Micheal Shepard, USDA-FS, Bugwood.org Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris), perennial Pale-green to gray-green Alternate Pointed at both ends, smooth edges Yellow Orange throat, downward spur Long narrow, smooth leaves

28 John M. Randall, Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima & T. chinensis), perennial Small leaves on green stems Scale-like Foliage salty to taste Alternate & overlap Stems: Smooth dark brown to red brown bark Pink to white Finger-like clusters

29 Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Conneticut, Bugwood.org Curlyleaf pondweed (Potomogeton crispus), aquatic Translucent Long Look like lasagna noodles Cream-brown Bloom on short emergent spike Up to 10 flowers per spike

30 Priority 3 Regulated Plants (NOT MONTANA LISTED NOXIOUS WEEDS) These regulated plants have the potential to have significant negative impacts. The plant may not be intentionally spread or sold other than as a contaminant in agricultural products. The state recommends research, education and prevention to minimize the spread of the regulated plant.

31 Patrick Breen, Oregon State University, Bugwood.org Chris Evans, Illinois Wildlife Action Plan, Bugwood.org Priority 3: Regulated Plants Russian olive Cheatgrass

32 Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Graves Lovell, Alabama Dept. of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bugwood.org Virginia Tech Weed ID Guide, Bugwood.ort Priority 3: Regulated Plants Hydrilla Brazillian waterweed Parrotfeather

33 Check for Updates Periodically County Weed District Office County Extension Office Montana Department of Agriculture

34 Module 3: Assessment