Kew Horticulture Diploma Course André Schuiteman. Orchidaceae

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1 Kew Horticulture Diploma Course 2012 André Schuiteman Orchidaceae

2 About 25,000 species in 800 genera Dressler

3 Let s have a look in one of those hotspots (Laos)

4 A village among limestone hills

5 Explain to a local guide what you want to do

6 Orchids are well-known here

7 Recently cut or fallen trees are always worth examining

8 Is this the end of the road?

9 That depends on your car!

10 Orchids often prefer the least accessible places

11 Don t forget to bring lunch

12 Even a gun may come in handy

13 People who can climb trees are a valuable addition to the team

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18 Dendrobium cariniferum

19 Dendrobium cariniferum

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21 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum

22 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum

23 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum seedlings

24 Calanthe vestita

25 Calanthe vestita

26 Eria spirodela

27 Eria spirodela

28 Eria spirodela

29 If you are lucky you can find something new Holcoglossum calcicola

30 Paphiopedilum barbigerum var. sulivongii

31 What is an orchid? How to recognize an orchid?

32 Orchids are monocots in the order Asparagales source: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, May 2011

33 Orchidaceae are a basal clade in the Asparagales source: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, May 2011

34 Five subfamilies are recognized Apostasioideae Cypripedioideae Epidendroideae Orchidoideae Vanilloideae

35 What do they have in common? Bulbophyllum coriophorum Cattleya purpurea

36 Key Characters 1. Flower with labellum 2. Column 3. Pollinia 4. Inferior ovary 5. Microseeds

37 Peter Jongejan petal dorsal sepal column anther labellum or lip lateral sepal Coelogyne rhabdobulbon

38 Peter Jongejan Peter Jongejan

39 Orchids have 1, 2 or 3 anthers; most have only one

40 most orchids have pollinia

41 There are 2, 4, 6, or 8 pollinia per anther massulae caudicle pollinium stipe viscidium Dressler pollinarium

42 Orchids have an inferior ovary ovary pedicel

43 Orchids have tiny seeds embryo testa Dressler

44 early development of an orchid seedling a b c e f d protocorm Dressler

45 Other characters 1. Roots 2. Leaves 3. Pseudobulbs 4. Ecology

46 Tineke Roelfsema Orchid roots are often thick, sparsely branched, exposed, white or grey. The outer layer is often spongy and then called the velamen. velamen Also in Araceae.

47 Leaves entire, parallel-veined, often rather thick and leathery, fairly often plicate, sometimes bilaterally flattened or terete, rarely hairy.

48 many orchids have pseudobulbs pseudobulb Bulbophyllum coloratum

49 Jon Cara epiphytes Coelogyne pholidotoides Dendrobium cuthbertsonii

50 Pierre Bonnet lithophyte Dendrobium venustum

51 Leonid Averyanov holomycotrophic orchids Yoania prainii Galeola nudifolia

52 subfamilies Apostasioideae Cypripedioideae Epidendroideae Orchidoideae Vanilloideae

53 There is a system of tribes, subtribes and genera below the level of subgenus source: Gorniak, Paun & Chase, 2010

54 Subfamily 1: Apostasioideae 2 or 3 anthers pollen powder-like, released by buzz-pollination Sepals and petals free, fairly similar Lip not very different from petals Leaves more or less plicate, spirally arranged About 17 spp. in tropical Asia & Australia Terrestrial

55 Apostasia wallichii Neuwiedia veratrifolia

56 Subfamily 2: Vanilloideae 1 anther pollen forming a mealy mass or soft pollinia Sepals and petals free, fairly similar Lip very different from petals Leaves not plicate, spirally arranged About 235 spp., almost cosmopolitan Terrestrial (often climbers)

57 Vanilla pilifera Galeola nudifolia

58 Subfamily 3: Cypripedioideae 2 anthers pollen forming a sticky gel or waxy pollinia Lateral sepals fused; petals different from sepals Lip very different from petals Leaves plicate or conduplicate, spirally arranged or distichous About 165 spp., not in Africa Terrestrial or rarely epiphytic

59 Paphiopedilum delenatii Paphiopedilum exul

60 1 anther Subfamily 4: Orchidoideae pollen forming mealy or granular pollinia Sepals free or fused; petals often different from sepals Lip usually very different from petals Leaves not plicate, spirally arranged About 4,600 spp., cosmopolitan Terrestrial, rarely epiphytic

61 Art Vogel Jan Meijvogel Dactylorhiza maculata Ophrys cretica subsp. beloniae

62 Orchidoideae Dossinia marmorata Pecteilis susannae

63 Corybas pictus

64 Subfamily 5: Epidendroideae 1 anther pollen aggregated into mealy, granular or waxy to plastic-like pollinia Sepals free or fused; petals often different from sepals Lip usually very different from petals Leaves plicate or not, spirally arranged or distichous About 20,000 spp., cosmopolitan Epiphytic, less often terrestrial

65 Epidendrum hybrid Guarianthe bowringiana

66 Epipactis palustris Spathoglottis affinis Epipactis palustris

67 Art Vogel Phalaenopsis pulcherrima Zygopetalum hybrid

68 Crepidium calophyllum

69 The Black Orchid Coelogyne pandurata

70 Lepanthes telipogoniflora 1 cm

71 Peter Jongejan Ed de Vogel Bulbophyllum ustusfortiter

72 Peter Jongejan Bulbophyllum cimicinum

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