Lab sect. (TA/time): Biology 317 Spring Third Hourly (Final) Exam 6/8/10

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1 Name: Lab sect. (TA/time): Biology 317 Spring 2010 Third Hourly (Final) Exam 6/8/10 1) (26 pts) Match the letter of a plant description with the characteristics for a plant given below. Families may be used more than once. Apiaceae Typhaceae Araceae Asteraceae Caprifoliaceae Cyperaceae Iridaceae Juncaceae Lamiaceae Liliaceae Orchidaceae Poaceae Scrophulariaceae a) individual flowers (florets) enclosed in 2 bracts, zygomorphic; wind pollinated; stems hollow b) flowers bilabiate; ovary with 2 ovules per carpel, separated by false septum c) 3-ranked leaves; 3-parted flowers; stem round, solid; windpollinated d) 6 showy tepals; 6 stamens; superior ovary e) woody shrub; opposite leaves; inferior ovary; 3 fused carpels; tubular corolla f) calyx reduced to bristles; inflorescence a capitulum; some flowers radial and some bilateral; ovary inferior. g) basal, linear leaves; aquatic habit; monoecious h) stamens fused to stigma and style; lower petal modified into labellum; ovary inferior i) 6 showy tepals; 3 stamens; radial symmetry; inferior ovary j) polypetalous; ovary inferior; sheathing leaf base; 2 fused carpels forming a schizocarp k) plant monoecious; inflorescence called a spadix; floral scent of rotting flesh l) 3-ranked leaves; single ovule in superior ovary enclosed by perigynium; no perianth m) 2 long, 2 short stamens adnate to corolla tube; gamopetalous corolla; zygomorphic symmetry; fruit a many seeded capsule 1

2 2) Parasitic plants obtain part or all of their nutrition from other organisms. Answer the following questions about parasitic plants. 2a) (2) What biological process can plant hemiparasites do that holoparasites cannot? 2b) (3) Explain how parasitic plants that are mycotrophic differ from parasitic plants that parasitize other plants in how the connection to the host is established. 2c) (6) Obligate parasites (those that are entirely dependent on a host) often lose entirely some basic plant features. Name three such features that commonly are lost in such plants. 3) (6) Fill in the missing cells in the table below with either the family name or the term for a characteristic feature of the inflorescence bracts associated with the given family. Family Poaceae term for bract or bracts Involucre Araceae 4) (2) Define speciation. 2

3 5) (18) Circle the best answer from the choices available with each question. Choose the statement that permits the discrimination of a plant bearing the character or characters to either Lamiaceae or Scrophulariaceae. a) Superior, compound ovary derived from two fused carpels b) Fruit is a capsule c) Didynamous stamens d) Square stems, opposite leaves e) Bilabiate, gamopetalous corolla Which of the following describes a paleoendemic species? a) A species that had a limited range in prehistoric times b) A species that is rare today, because it is of recent origin c) A species that is found all over the globe, both today and in the fossil record d) A species that prehistorically had an expansive range, but now has limited distribution e) A species that is not found alive today due to recent extinction Which of the following is not characteristic of monocots? a) One cotyledon b) Parallel or striate venation c) Primary roots d) Flower parts in 3 s e) Monosulcate pollen You are a successful and reputable landscape architect, designing an urban park. Which of the following is NOT a good reason to avoid planting a potentially invasive species? a) Invasive species are not aesthetically pleasing b) Invasive species are likely to have detrimental effects on native ecosystems c) Planting invasive species might increase their popularity among the gardening public d) Potentially negative publicity for your reputation e) Invasive species are likely to escape from cultivation A local nursery offers a plant from another part of the world for sale with the following characteristics: it is a robust perennial herb, sprouting from rhizomes. Its leaves are long, simple and bladelike and it produces large white flowers with inferior ovaries each producing a single seed. It blooms abundantly once a year in early June. Which of these plant s traits is most likely to increase its potential to become invasive? a) Short flowering season b) Herbaceous habit c) Sprouting from rhizomes d) White flowers e) It is exotic The species concept stating that species are identified by phenotypic discontinuity in observable traits among individuals and populations is called the f) morphological species concept g) phylogenetic species concept h) typological species concept i) biological species concept j) ontological species concept 3

4 6a) (4) What is intercalary meristem AND what family exhibits this trait? 6b) (4) Explain why intercalary meristem helps plants that exhibit this trait to coevolve with herbivores. 7a) (6) Name the three phases of an invasion by an alien plant species AND briefly describe each phase. 7b) (3) What is meant when a species is said to be a habitat engineer? 7c) (6) Describe three ways an invasive plant species can be a habitat engineer. 4

5 8a) (3) Virtually all flowering plants are loaded with secondary chemical compounds at tremendous cost to the plant to manufacture them in their cells. What is the primary function of these chemicals? 8b) (3) The family Araceae has secondary chemical compounds called calcium oxalate crystals. These serve the same purpose as most other secondary chemical compounds, but they function in a very different way. How do calcium oxalate crystals function differently from other more typical secondary chemical compounds? 9a) (2) What is meant by a pseudanthium? 9b) (6) Name two families that have flowers arranged in a pseudanthium AND describe how the inflorescence structure differs between these families. 5

6 Bonus Question (0 points): What is YOUR favorite family and why? 6

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