Accelerator Activities at PITZ
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- Camilla Scott
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1 Accelerator Activities at PITZ Plasma acceleration etc. Outline > Motivation / Accelerator Research & Development (ARD) > Plasma acceleration Basic Principles Activities SINBAD > ps-fs electron and photon beams Ellipsoidal laser, RF gun, Undulator Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Schloss & Gut Liebenberg 20. September 2013
2 Accelerator Technology > Light sources to investigate materials. Applications in Life Sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Medicine) Material Technology Fundamental Research etc. > Accelerators for particle- and nuclear physics Constitution of matter Fundamental forces etc. > For this we need High beam energy High particle density Very short particle bunches Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 2
3 PITZ activities applications development: direct use at user facilities (FLASH, XFEL, ) THz generation accelerator R&D: short bunches, plasma acceleration, test novel concepts research: fundamental photoinjector physics PITZ = research on high brightness (high peak and average brilliance) electron beam sources injector (gun+booster), plasma, diagnostics technology development: RF, lasers, electronics service for FLASH and XFEL: gun characterization, test bed for critical components (e.g. laser, diagnostics, llrf) diagnostics development: for electron and photon beams Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 3
4 Helmholtz ARD Program Accelerator R&D as a Research Field > Accelerator physics: Originally part of high energy physics nuclear physics research with photons, neutrons, ions (PNI) Since 2010: ARD is part of HGF portfolio program extra funding for ARD Starting 2015: own topic in HGF program (POF III) recognized as a future oriented research field Significant, stable funding (base budget) for accelerator R&D; independent of big science projects Coordinator: Reinhard Brinkmann Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 4
5 Helmholtz ARD Research Topics and DESY Involvement Superconducting RF Technology Concepts and Technologies for Hadron Acc. PITZ is involved ps fs Electron and Photon Beams Novel Acceleration Concepts Courtesy: Ralph Aßmann Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 5
6 Motivation for Developing Plasma Acceleration > Why novel accelerators? we are already very good in accelerator technology! > Conventional accelerators work well but they are very large Name Final energy Size HERA 27.5 GeV 2 km diameter SLAC (SLC linac) 50 GeV 3.2 km length European XFEL (linac) 17.5 GeV 2.1 km length > Conventional accelerator cavities: about 100 MV/m > Possible with plasma acceleration: up to 1 TV/m!!! x Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 6
7 Problem of Conventional Accelerators > Basic problem: microscopic particles are accelerated with macroscopically generated fields Small field gradient Large accelerator > New Idea: Plasma accelerator Plasma Gas wake Utilize microscopic fields (fields between electrons and ions in a plasma) these are big since the charges can be close together without destroying the building materials > Ionization of a gas, creating a plasma with advantageous properties for acceleration > How to drive a plasma wake? With a strong laser pulse (laser driven plasma wakefield accelerator LDPWA) With a particle beam (particle driven plasma wakefield accelerator PDPWA) Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 7
8 Plasma Wakefield Accelerator > Acceleration of an electron with a (travelling) wakefield > With optimal utilization of non-linearities we can achieve extremely strong acceleration Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 8
9 Players in Novel Accelerators: World Wide with High Concentration in Europe Ions EAAC 2013 in Elba, Italy Elba 2013 Courtesy: Ralph Aßmann Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 9
10 ARD Research Activities at DESY FLASHForward LAOLA: Laboratory for Laser- and beam-driven plasma Acceleration Courtesy: Ralph Aßmann Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 10
11 Novel Accelerator Research in LAOLA (laola.desy.de) > REGAE (laser driven) Probing of electrical fields with test beam (external injection) > LUX (laser driven) Laser driven light source > FLASHForward (particle driven) Energy boosting of FLASH bunch to utilize special pulse shapes > PITZ (particle driven) Self-modulation of electron beam High transformer ratio Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 11
12 EAAC Workshop 2013: Patric Muggli, AWAKE: A Proton- Driven Plasma Wakefield Experiment at CERN > Use high energy proton beams from SPS to drive plasma wave > Convert proton beam energy to accelerate electron beam in single stage > High accelerating gradient requires short bunches ( z less than 100µm) Caldwell et al., Nature Physics (2009): E z,max = 240(MV m 1 ) Courtesy: Patric Muggli N 0.6 4x10 10 z mm 2 > Existing proton machines produce long bunches (10cm) Self-modulation! Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 12
13 Why Experiments at PITZ? > Favorable circumstances Very high level photo injector test facility Worldwide unique laser system (pulse shaper) Well developed diagnostics (high resolution electron spectrometer, etc.); soon: transverse deflecting cavity + dispersive section for longitudinal phase space measurements High flexibility (Pure R&D facility) > Possible contribution from PITZ: Self-modulation of electron beam (same principle as for proton beam!) Later: High transformer ratio (multiplying beam energy by factor up to 8) needs bunch compressor for high absolute energy gain Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 13
14 PITZ Overview > UV Photocathode Laser > RF Gun, Booster > Diagnostics Slit scan (Transverse emittance) Streak camera, soon TDS (Longitudinal emittance) Screen stations (beam shape and position) Tomography (Transverse emittance) > New developments (plasma acceleration etc.) 25MeV/c 7MeV/c Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 14
15 Flexible Laser Pulse Formation at PITZ > Photoinjector laser > Developed and built by Max-Born Institute Berlin > Key element: the pulse shaper Contains 13 birefringent crystals. Pulses are split according to polarization. Delay is given by crystal thickness; relative amplitude can be varied freely by adjusting relative angle between crystals Temporal laser pulse shapes Shaped ouput pulses motorized rotation stage temperature controlled birefringent crystal Will, Klemz, Optics Express 16 (2008), Gaussian input pulses Electron bunch = Laser pulse Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 15
16 Plasma Cell Design Currently in Fabrication Cooling Sleeve Thermal Insulation Heating Coils Design: Gerald Koss e - Helium Distribution Electron Window Laser Window Laser Mirror Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 16
17 High Transformer Ratio (TR) studies > TR is defined as accelerating field behind bunch decelerating field within bunch > Fundamental beam loading theorem : R 2 for bunches with symmetric current profile > Idea: Tailored bunch current profile (asymmetric bunch) PITZ Laser capability: V probe bunch electron beam > Significant plasma acceleration of a probe bunch could be possible Transformer Ratio up to 8 with matched plasma wavelength > Needs bunch compressor for high absolute energy gain Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 17
18 beam driven laser driven Roadmap for Novel Accelerator Research at DESY LUX: LWFA driven undulator & FEL REGAE: low energy ultra injection SINBAD: ARD distributed facility at DESY FLASHForward: high energy, Trojan horse PITZ: self modulation PITZ: high transformer ratio preparation installation operation Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 18
19 EXP 3 EXP 1 EXP 2 The DORIS Proposal : SINBAD > DORIS has shut down in January 2013 after 38 years of duty for particle physics and photon science. 1 to 4.5 GeV e - > Proposal: Plasma acceleration research in dedicated facility SINBAD (Short INnovative Bunches and Accelerators at Doris) Laser lab Feedback & Timing Infrastructure 200 TW g Lase r lab 5 MeV e - REGAE REGAE Courtesy: Ralph Aßmann Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 19
20 Knowledge Transfer: PITZ to SINBAD Potential Input from PITZ DESY Laser Laboratory Know-how photoinjector (esp. cathode laser) Plasma cell design Diagnostics methods, vacuum-plasma transition Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 20
21 Helmholtz ARD Research Topics and DESY Involvement Superconducting RF Technology Concepts and Technologies for Hadron Acc. PITZ is involved ps fs Electron and Photon Beams Novel Acceleration Concepts Courtesy: Ralph Aßmann Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 21
22 rel.emittance Ellipsoidal Laser > Expertise at PITZ: Optimizing electron bunch properties > Fundamental parameter: shape of laser pulse > Standard: temporal Gaussian time space > Developed for European XFEL: temporal flat-top > New project: ellipsoidal > Benefits for linac driven light sources: Lower emittance higher brilliance More linear phase space better compression Almost no beam halo reduced radiation damage Less sensitive to machine settings higher stability 150% 100% 50% 0% Projected emittance (1nC) at EMSY1 168% 100% 65% Gaussian flat-top Ellipsoid Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 22
23 Electron Gun Development > Expertise at PITZ: Gun development to increase performance > Fundamental issues: cooling / stability > New development: Gun5 (too late for > Problem: XFEL startup, but for future) Current state-of-the-art in SC RF guns: Topics: RF amplitude & phase stability, higher HZDR average power, synchronization (pump-probe) Methods: RF pick-up, elliptical irises, circular cell shape, more & smaller cooling channels Distribution is tested > Other options, e.g. future need: CW gun for European XFEL > Current DESY approach: Together with HZB and HZDR try to develop a super-conducting measured emittance: 3±1 RF mm gun required for CW XFEL measured PITZ results > Alternative if no success within next few years: develop normal conducting only NC guns gun at reach PITZ goal region Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 23
24 Development of IR/THz Source > Asset of PITZ: High charge, high quality electron beam available > Need: tunable THz source for pump-probe experiments at European XFEL > Realization: Use existing undulator design APPLE: Choose polarization by moving magnets Insert into PITZ beam line High power, tunable FEL operation in IR/THz Add on: low charge beams for electron diffraction (like REGAE) > Other possibilities: Use undulator radiation for electron beam diagnostics IR/THz radiation source for users (+ preparation for beam time at XFEL) Connection to users in Berlin / Brandenburg region Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 24
25 Summary > Accelerator research is important for many applications and is conducted in many places around the world > Plasma acceleration has the potential to revolutionize the way to build accelerators > PITZ is working in plasma acceleration within the ARD environment in LAOLA collaboration Current work: Self-modulation and high transformer ratio Mid-term view: Important contributions to ARD test facility SINBAD > PITZ expertise will also be driving force in several other accelerator developments > PITZ plays a significant role in the highly relevant field of accelerator R&D Matthias Groß Klausurtagung Liebenberg 20. September 2013 Seite 25
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