Progress in Organic Coatings
|
|
- Elinor Phillips
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Progress in Organic Coatings 65 (2009) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Organic Coatings journal homepage: The influence of surface chemistry of nano-silica on microstructure, optical and mechanical properties of the nano-silica containing clear-coats Zahra Ranjbar a,, Saeed Rastegar b a Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Colorants, Paint and Coatings, No. 59, Vafamanesh St., Hosainabad Sq., Lavizan, Tehran, Iran b Farayand Rang Khodro Co. Ltd., Automotive Coatings Department, Tehran, Iran article info abstract Article history: Received 3 April 2008 Accepted 28 October 2008 Keywords: Nano-silica Clear-coat Morphology SEM Different nano-silicas were incorporated in an automotive OEM clear-coat based on acrylic-melamine chemistry. The morphological characteristics of the heat-cured films were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that there is a close relationship between the interfacial interactions of binder-silica nano-particles and mechanical and optical properties of the baked films Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction 2. Experimental The use of nano-particles to modify specific properties of thin composite films such as organic coatings is getting more and more popular [1 4]. Nano-particles lying on their large specific surface area, hardness, small particle size and/or binder-matching refractive index can render specific properties to organic coating films, which were not possible to obtain using common modification strategies [5]. Nano-silica particles have refractive indices close to that of the common binders used in formulating coating materials. Therefore it is theoretically possible to incorporate them into the clear-coat formulations without damaging the optical properties of their baked films. But in practice the films containing nano-silica particles show a more or less degree of haziness. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of the surface chemistry of nano-silica particles on morphological, optical and mechanical properties of nano-particle containing clear-coats. It was also aimed on finding other possible mechanism(s) of hazing of clear-coats due to presence of nano-silica particles Materials The clear-coat was formulated based on an acrylic-polyol and a butylated melamine-formaldehyde resin. Xylene, butanol, ethoxy propyl acetate and butyl glycol acetate were used as solvents. A block copolymer-type dispersing agent was incorporated in the nano-silica grinding vehicle. The UV-absorber and the hindered amine light-stabilizer were Tinuvin 400 and Tinuvin 292, respectively. The clear-coat was formulated according to Table 1. Different nano-silicas were incorporated into the clear-coat formulation, the properties of which are shown in Table 2. Two different types of hydrophilic silicas were used, which can be distinguished by very different specific surface area and primary particle size. Three hydrophobic silica grades were also used, which were modified using different silanes, namely dimethyl dichlorosilane, hexamethyldisilane and methacryl silane. These silicas also vary in specific surface area and primary particle size. The acidity of the surface of the hydrophilic silicas was the same but this parameter varies between different hydrophobic nano-silica grades Methods Corresponding author. Tel.: ; fax: address: Ranjbar@icrc.ac.ir (Z. Ranjbar). Grinding of nano-silica dispersions were performed in a sandmill. After letting down, the nano-silica containing clear-coats were diluted to 50 vol% and the mixture was applied on glass and normalsteel panels using a four-sided film applicator at a wet film thickness of 120 m. The films were baked for 20 min at 140 C /$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi: /j.porgcoat
2 126 Z. Ranjbar, S. Rastegar / Progress in Organic Coatings 65 (2009) Table 1 Clear-coat formulation. Mill base Hydroxy acrylic resin 16.3 Dispersing agent 5 Xylene 5 Nano-silica 5 Let down Hydroxy acrylic resin 42.1 Xylene 4.5 Melamine resin 24.1 Butyl glycol acetate 2.5 UV absorber/catalyst 2 Total Fig. 2. Surface roughness of the films containing different nano-silicas. Fig. 1. Specular gloss value of blank sample and samples containing different nanosilicas. Fig. 3. Haze values of the films containing different nano-silicas. The gloss values of the films were determined using a glossmeter (Byk-gardner, Micro-tri gloss). The haze values of the films were calculated from the data obtained by a Gretag Macbeth, Color-Eye 7000A spectrophotometer based on instructions of ASTM D Pendulum hardness (Sheen Instrument Ltd.), impact resistance and conical mandrel bending resistance (Braive Instruments) were also measured on test samples. Micro-indentation hardness measurements were performed using a Leica VMHT MOT. The surface roughness of the samples was measured using a Roughness tester TR 100. Scanning electron microscopic studies were performed on free surface and fracture surface of free films using a Link Opal LEO 440 SEM instrument. The free films were obtained by immersing glassborne films in de-ionized water for 20 min and drying the film for 24 h at room temperature. The films were fractured at room temperature for taking the images of the bulk of the films. A transmission electron microscope (Philips Co.) was used to clarify the state of dispersion and film morphology in a more detailed manner. Fig. 4. Koenig hardness values of the films containing nano-silica additives. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Optical properties Fig. 1 shows the specular gloss values of blank sample and samples containing different nano-silicas. As can be seen in all cases Table 2 Nano-silicas specification were incorporated into the clear-coat formulation. Sample code Surface area (m 2 /g) Particle size (nm) Surface treatment ph Purity (%) Carbon content 1 50 ± ± ± MS ± 25 7 HMDS ± 2 16 DMDCS
3 Z. Ranjbar, S. Rastegar / Progress in Organic Coatings 65 (2009) Fig. 5. Direct impact resistance of the films containing nano-silica additives. Fig. 6. Flexibility of the films in conical mandrel bending containing nano-silica additives. a reduction in specular gloss value is observed by incorporating nano-silicas. This reduction is more pronounced in case of Add. 3. Since specular gloss is a surface-related phenomenon, it can be concluded that the structure of the surface of the films is nearly the same in case of different nano-silicas, except Add. 3. Values of the surface roughness of the samples also confirm this result (Fig. 2). It could be seen that the roughness is nearly the same in all cases except Add. 3. The film containing Add. 3 also show the biggest haze value compared to other nano-silicas. In contrast to the specular gloss, the haze value varies severely with variation of nano-silica grade due to different bulk structures of the films (Fig. 3). Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of the free surface of the blank and nano-silica containing clear-coats: (a) blank, (b) Add. 1, (c) Add. 2, (d) Add. 3, (e) Add. 4 and (f) Add. 5.
4 128 Z. Ranjbar, S. Rastegar / Progress in Organic Coatings 65 (2009) Fig. 8. SEM micrographs of the fracture surfaces of the blank and samples containing different nano-silica particles: (a) blank, (b) Add. 1, (c) Add. 2, (d) Add. 3, (e) Add. 4 and (f) Add Mechanical properties Koenig hardness values of the films show an increase as nanosilica particles are incorporated (Fig. 4). Direct impact resistance of the films however, show a more complicated behavior (Fig. 5). Incorporation of nano-silicas improves this property in some cases (Add. 5, 4 and 1) and worsens it in other cases (Add. 3 and 2). As Fig. 6 shows, the flexibility of the films in conical mandrel bending is not influenced by some nano-silicas and is worsened by some other grades (Add. 3 and 2). In order to find an explanation for this behavior, we have studied the morphology of the baked films Morphology of baked films Fig. 7a f show the scanning electron micrographs of the free surface of the blank and nano-silica containing clear-coats. As can be seen the blank clear-coat forms films with very smooth surface. Adding nano-silica particles to the base formulation causes some particles to be present on the free surface of the films. The presence of these particles results in reduced specular gloss and surface roughness as are observed from Figs. 1 and 2. As can be seen this roughness is more pronounced in case of Add. 3. Comparing the primary particle size and the size of nano-particles at the surface of the films, it is seen that the nano-silica particles show some degree of aggregation in all cases. SEM micrographs of the fracture surfaces of the samples containing different nano-silica particles show a more or less homogeneous dispersion of nano-silica particles (Fig. 8a f). A very interesting feature of the morphology of the films is the existence of very small cracks in the bulk of the films containing Add. 1, Add. 3 and Add. 4. The extents by which the cracks exist depend on nano-silica surface treatment. Fig. 9a c shows the above-mentioned cracks at a higher magnification. As can be seen the width and number-density of the cracks follows the ranking: Add. 1 > Add. 3 > Add. 4. These cracks could be a reason for hazing of the clear-coat films. The trend in the haze value is Add. 3 > Add. 1 > Add. 4. This shows that the presence of the cracks is not the only factor which causes hazing. The other factor maybe the degree of aggregation of the nano-silica particles. On the other hand no cracks are visible in the bulk of films containing Add. 2 and Add. 5. So the main reason of hazing may be the aggregation of nano-silica particles.
5 Z. Ranjbar, S. Rastegar / Progress in Organic Coatings 65 (2009) Fig. 9. The cracks in the bulk of the films containing (a) Add. 1, (b) Add. 3 and (c) Add. 4 at a higher magnification Cracks formation A glance at Fig. 8a reveals that the blank sample does not contain any cracks in the bulk area. As nano-silica particles are incorporated into the film, cracks are formed. To find an explanation for the crack formation, one must go through the chemistry of the cross-linking reaction and the effect of nano-silica on these reactions. Cross-linking hydroxyl-functional acrylic resins using alkylated melamine resins results in formation of ether linkages and the release of an alkanol (butanol in our case). The butylated melamine resin may also react with other acidic protons, such as those of hydroxyl groups existing on the surface of the nano-silica particles. In other words there could be a competition between the hydroxyl groups of the acrylic resin and those of the silica surface to donate their protons to the melamine resin. This means that incorporation of nano-silica particles may result in side reactions which could change the distribution of the cross-links throughout the polymeric matrix. On the other hand the cross-linking reaction is catalyzed Fig. 10. Transmission electron micrograph of the sample containing Add. 1. by acidic conditions. Nano-silicas could change the chemical composition of the bulk of the film to a more acidic one, at least in the vicinity of their surface. This may also result in changing the spatial distribution of the cross-links in the film. The cross-linking by poly-condensation reactions results in volume reduction. If the shrinkage is more intensive in the neighbourhood of nano-silica particles it may result in formation of very small cracks. The width and the number-density of these cracks depend on the extent of volume shrinkage in the vicinity of the particles. The extent of volume shrinkage is influenced by the catalytic action of acidic conditions. As can be seen from Table 2, the acidic nature of the nano-silica particles are: Add. 1 > Add. 3 > Add. 4. This is while the specific surface area of the nano-silica shows a reverse trend. This means that in these cases the acidity of the particles is more important than their specific surface area, which is an indication of the catalytic nature of these nano-particles. The question now is why no crack is observed in films containing Add. 2 and Add. 5? As can be seen from Table 2, Add.2isa high surface area nano-silica without any surface modification. This means that the surface of this additive is acidic and the hydroxyl groups are easily available. High concentration of acidic protons in an acidic environment could result in a highly substoichiometric reaction between the melamine resin and the hydroxyl protons. The cracks are formed in the bulk of the film if the material which exists in the inter-particle zone behaves as a rigid solid. But if the material is not rigid no crack could be observed. This is what happens in case of Add. 2. In this case the melamine resin preferentially reacts with the surface hydroxyl groups of the Add. 2, causing a low crosslink density gel to be formed in farther distance from the nano-silica surface. This plastic/elastic gel tolerates more elongation and therefore no crack is observed. The presence of plastic area in this film is observable from Fig. 8b, in which high plastic deformation area are shown by circles. Looking at Table 2, one will see that Add. 9 has the same ph-value as that of Add. 1 and 2 but the specific surface area is twice that of Add. 1 and half that of Add. 2. In this case, observation of some cracks is expectable. To explain the absence of cracks in this sample,
6 130 Z. Ranjbar, S. Rastegar / Progress in Organic Coatings 65 (2009) one has to consider the concept of ph-value of solid particles. This is the ph-value of the water in which particles are dispersed. If a silane-coated and an un-coated silica have the same ph, it means that their hydroxyl groups are to same extent available for water molecules. It must be noted that these available species are not necessarily available to other molecules such as melamine resins. Therefore, while the Add. 5 is acidic in nature and helps the crosslinking reaction to take place easier, it does not influence the spatial distribution of the cross-links to a high extent which is necessary for crack formation. On the other hand, larger aggregate size and smaller interface between the nano-silica particles and the binder could be an additional reason for the absence of cracks. Transmission electron microscopy: Fig. 10 shows a transmission electron micrograph of the sample containing Add. 1. It can be seen that the particles are present as aggregates. 4. Conclusion The degree of dispersion and the interaction between the nanosilica particles and the cross-linking matrix of the acrylic-melamine clear-coats are very important factors determining the final microstructure of the nano-silica containing clear-coats. The acidity of the hydroxyl groups of the surface of nano-silica and their availability to reactive species of the matrix affect the final film morphology in these systems. Nano-silica particles may behave either as catalyst or as co-reactant. If they behave as a catalyst, the system may show some cracks, the size and extent of which depend on the surface chemistry of the particles. In some cases nano-silica could react with melamine part of the matrix and leave highly plastic area in the film which results in reduced mechanical performance of the baked film. References [1] R.A. Ryntz, D. Britz, Journal of Coatings Technology 74 (925) (2002) 77. [2] W. Shen, L.M.B. Jiang, Tribology International 39 (2006) [3] U. Schulz, V. Wachtendorf, T. Klimmasch, P. Alers, Progress in Organic Coatings 42 (1 2) (2001) [4] P. Bertrand-Lambotte, J.L. Loubet, C. Verpy, S. Pavan, Thin Solid Films 420 (2002) [5] S.Z. Zhou, L.M. Wu, J. Sun, W.D. Shen, Progress in Organic Coatings 45 (2002) 33.
2K water-borne PU for furniture coatings
2K water-borne PU for furniture coatings Water-borne 2K polyurethane systems are a new technology which is already successfully used in many applications also for wood coatings and more specifically furniture
More informationADDITIVES. HIGH SOLIDS AND WATER- BORNE COATINGS Werner J. Blank Rudy Berndlmaier & Dan Miller King Industries Inc.
You are now at www.wernerblank.com HOME NEWS PUBLICATIONS LECTURES PATENTS DOWNLOADS ADDITIVES FOR HIGH SOLIDS AND WATER- BORNE COATINGS Werner J. Blank Rudy Berndlmaier & Dan Miller King Industries Inc.
More informationUV curing is one of the fastest growing technologies UTOPIA OR REALITY?
Highest Agent Loading with Outstanding Viscosity Reduction in %-UV Coatings UTOPIA OR REALITY? UV curing is one of the fastest growing technologies worldwide, with a predicted growth of 6-7% yearly. of
More informationThis article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution
More informationA Glossary of Terms Used in the Adhesives, Coatings and Elastomers (ACE) Sector
A Glossary of Terms Used in the Adhesives, Coatings and Elastomers (ACE) Sector Abrasion resistance The ability of the coating membrane to resist mechanical action such as foot traffic and particles, which
More informationInternational Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives
International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives 34 (2012) 24 31 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijadhadh
More informationLiquid Polybutadienes and Derivatives
Liquid Polybutadienes and Derivatives Coatings & Colorants Product Range Our polyoils and derivatives are stereospecific, lowviscosity and unsaponifiable liquid polybutadienes having a high 1.4-cis double
More informationInnovative. Technologies. Chemie des Klebens Chemistry of Adhesives. Dr. Jochen Stock, Laboratory Manager CRL Germany: Neuss, November 27 th, 2013
Chemie des Klebens Chemistry of Adhesives Dr. Jochen Stock, Laboratory Manager CRL Germany: Neuss, November 27 th, 2013 Innovative Technologies 1 Overview Chemie des Klebens Chemistry of Adhesives Introduction
More informationA Technical Whitepaper Polymer Technology in the Coating Industry. By Donald J. Keehan Advanced Polymer Coatings Avon, Ohio, USA
A Technical Whitepaper Polymer Technology in the Coating Industry By Donald J. Keehan Advanced Polymer Coatings Avon, Ohio, USA INTRODUCTION Polymer Technology in the Coating Industry To properly understand
More informationPolymer Systems and Film Formation Mechanisms in High Solids, Powder, and UV Cure Systems
Polymer Systems and Film Formation Mechanisms in High Solids, Powder, and UV Cure Systems J. Baghdachi, Ph.D. Coatings Research Institute Eastern Michigan University (734) 487-3192 Freshpaint@aol.com jamil.baghdachi@emich.edu
More informationADHESION MECHANISMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE PLASTIC PARTS
ADHESION MECHANISMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE PLASTIC PARTS Dr. Marcos Fernandes de Oliveira 1 1 DuPont do Brasil S.A. - São Paulo Brazil Contacting the author: marcos-fernandes.oliveira@bra.dupont.com marcosfernandes1@yahoo.com.br
More informationDynasylan SIVO 110. Description. Product Information. SIVO SOL Technology for coating systems
Dynasylan SIVO 110 +49-69-218-5656 SIVO SOL Technology for coating systems Description Dynasylan SIVO 110 resembles a multifunctional, basically VOC-free, water-borne sol-gel system. It is composed of
More informationChemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 28. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 28 Two types in general use: -packed (stationary phase) -open tubular or capillary determine selectivity and efficiency of the sample. Column Materials Column
More informationapplied as UV protective films
Nanocomposite gels via in-situ photoinitiation and disassembly of TiO 2 -Clay composites with polymers applied as UV protective films Chuanan Liao, Qing Wu, Teng Su, Da Zhang, Qingsheng Wu and Qigang Wang*
More informationA Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Janus Inverse-Opal
Supporting information A Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Janus Inverse-Opal Actuator via Gradient Infiltration Dajie Zhang #, Jie Liu //#, Bo Chen *, Yong Zhao, Jingxia Wang * //, Tomiki Ikeda, Lei Jiang //. CAS
More informationSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMMON OPAL. Pimthong Thongnopkun, 1,* Sukanya Pramol 2
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMMON OPAL Pimthong Thongnopkun, 1,* Sukanya Pramol 2 1,2 Gems and Jewelry Research Unit, Faculty of Gems, Burapha University, Chanthaburi 22170, Thailand. *e-mail: pimthong@buu.ac.th,
More informationCREATING TOMORROW S SOLUTIONS HEAT-SEALABLE COATINGS I PRINTING INKS I INDUSTRIAL COATINGS VINNOL SURFACE COATING RESINS PRODUCT OVERVIEW
CREATING TOMORROW S SOLUTIONS HEAT-SEALABLE COATINGS I PRINTING INKS I INDUSTRIAL COATINGS VINNOL SURFACE COATING RESINS PRODUCT OVERVIEW 1 Viscosity Flexibility Thermal-activation temperature Solubility
More informationflame retardant vinyl ester resin
Abstract Research Journal of Material Sciences ISSN 30 6055 Vol. 5(), 7-, February (07) Studies on flame retardant vinyl ester resin Patel R.H. * and Sevkani V.R. Department of Materials Science, Sardar
More informationFigure 1. Principle of crosslinking emulsion copolymers by using hexaallylamino-cyclo-triphosphazene
COATING BINDERS BASED ON STRUCTURED SELF-CROSSLINKING LATEXES Rückerová A., Machotová J., Kalendová A., Puková K. University of Pardubice, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials,
More informationADDITIVES FOR PAINTS, INKS & COATINGS. Innovative Silicone Specialties
ADDITIVE FOR PAINT, INK & COATING Innovative ilicone pecialties ILICONE ADDITIVE FOR PAINT, INK AND COATING ilicone additives have long been recognized for providing special properties to inks and coatings,
More informationFabrication of micro-optical components in polymer using proton beam micro-machining and modification
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 210 (2003) 250 255 www.elsevier.com/locate/nimb Fabrication of micro-optical components in polymer using proton beam micro-machining and modification
More informationDENTAL COMPOSITES. Chemistry and Design
DENTAL COMPOSITES Chemistry and Design Stephen C. Bayne Department of Operative Dentistry School of Dentistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450 7450 2004, Bayne and Thompson, UNC
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Facile preparation of superhydrophobic coating by spraying a fluorinated acrylic random copolymer micelle solution Hui Li, a,b Yunhui Zhao a and Xiaoyan Yuan* a a School of Materials
More informationNanomaterials in Coatings
Nanomaterials in Coatings Cal Poly State University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry San Luis Obispo, CA www.polymerscoatings.calpoly.edu What is Nanotechnology It is a matter of scale 1 nm = 10-9
More informationEffect of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Compatibility of Polypropylene and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Compatibility of Polypropylene and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Jason Peng a, Bei Kai Huang a, Da Qu a a, Chang Jae Yoo a Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering,
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1. Photonic sensing via SRS method. Reflection spectra of a) a dried SiO 2 opal and b-d) the SiO 2 opal infiltrated with different organic solvents, whose refractive
More informationA facile procedure to fabricate nano. calcium carbonate/polymer-based. superhydrophobic surfaces
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for New Journal of Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2014 Electronic Supplementary Information
More informationBorchers Rheological Additives for waterborne coating systems. Borchi Gel
Borchers Rheological Additives for waterborne coating systems Borchi Gel Additives with a thickening effect have a significant influence on the shelf life and application properties of liquid coating systems
More informationRadiation Curable Additives Enabling Excellent Paint Surfaces
Radiation Curable Additives Enabling Excellent Paint Surfaces RADTECH North America April 2013 Paulo Roberto Vieira Jr, PhD 1 When and why do we need additives? Introduction Leveling and Flow Foam Rheology
More informationAbrasion Resistant Anti-Reflective Sol-Gel Coatings. Madeline Rutan Penfield High School. Advisor: Kenneth L. Marshall
Abrasion Resistant Anti-Reflective Sol-Gel Coatings Madeline Rutan Penfield High School Advisor: Kenneth L. Marshall University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics Summer High School Research
More informationSELF-CROSSLINKING WATER BORNE CHEMISTRY FOR EXCELLENT SHELF STABILITY AND ROOM TEMPERATURE CURE
SELF-CROSSLINKING WATER BORNE CHEMISTRY FOR EXCELLENT SHELF STABILITY AND ROOM TEMPERATURE CURE Presenter Author: Dr. Brian Hanrahan KH Neochem Americas, Inc. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the usage of
More informationImproving Adhesion: Examining the Electrochemistry of Organic Inhibitors
Improving Adhesion: Examining the Electrochemistry of rganic Inhibitors Benefits of rganics Chemisorb onto metallic substrates Complex with metal ions at substrate Neutralize & absorb the corrodents Decrease
More informationOxford Advanced Surfaces
Oxford Advanced Surfaces The Practical Uses of Chemical Adhesion In Interlayer Bonding AIMCAL Europe 2012 Web Coating Conference www.oxfordsurfaces.com 1 Adhesion is important! In use and in process Adhesion
More informationDESIGN OF POLYMERIC DISPERSANTS FOR LOW AND NO VOC APPLICATIONS
DESIGN OF POLYMERIC DISPERSANTS FOR LOW AND NO VOC APPLICATIONS Jeff Norris, Tom Annable, Matt Dunn, Antonio Lopez Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. USA PIGMENT DISPERSION AND STABILIZATION Polymeric dispersants
More informationSPECIALTY MONOMERS FOR ENHANCED FUNCTIONALITY IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION
SPECIALTY MONOMERS FOR ENHANCED FUNCTIONALITY IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION Pierre Hennaux, Nemesio Martinez-Castro, Jose P. Ruiz, Zhihua Zhang and Michael D. Rhodes Solvay Inc. Centre for Research & Technology-
More informationTrends in Surface Treatment for Multi-Layer Packaging
Trends in Surface Treatment for Multi-Layer Packaging Presented by Senthil Kumar C.O.O. Enercon Asia Pacific Major Presentation Topics Trends and Challenges Multi-Film Structures Wet vs. Dry Trapping on
More informationTolonate X FLO 100. Bio-based & low viscosity aliphatic isocyanate polymer
Tolonate X FLO 100 Bio-based & low viscosity aliphatic isocyanate polymer Discover the of Tolonate TM X FLO 100 Tolonate X FLO 100 is a new, partially bio-based, solvent-free and low viscosity aliphatic
More informationNovel Surface Coating Materials Based on Castor Oil-Epoxy Resin Reaction Products
Chem Sci Trans., 1, (1), 08-1 Chemical Science Transactions DOI:.798/cst1.9 ISSN/E-ISSN: 78-8/78-18 RESEARCH ARTICLE Novel Surface Coating Materials Based on Castor Oil-Epoxy Resin Reaction roducts BHAVDEE
More informationMagnetic Silica Particles for Catalysis
4 Magnetic Silica Particles for atalysis Abstract Monodisperse magnetizable colloidal silica particles in a stable dispersion have been functionalized with a homogeneous catalyst: a PP-pincer Pd-complex.
More informationRational design of light-directed dynamic spheres
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) Rational design of light-directed dynamic spheres Yumi Okui a and Mina Han* a,b a Department of Chemistry and Department of Electronic Chemistry Tokyo Institute
More informationChemical Engineering Seminar Series
Effect of Reaction Conditions on Copolymer Properties Loretta Idowu Keywords: copolymer composition distribution; radical polymerization kinetics; semi-batch starved feed; hydroxyl-functionality Non-functional
More information(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,762,262 B1
USOO6762262B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,762,262 B1 Wang et al. () Date of Patent: Jul. 13, 2004 (54) PREPARATION OF ACRYLIC POLYOLS 5,480,943 A 1/1996 Guo... 5/330.5 5,5,693 A 6/1996
More informationWater-borne coatings that share the mechanism of action of oil-based coatings
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Supplementary Information for Water-borne coatings that share the mechanism of action of
More informationStandard Glossary of Packaging Inks and Coatings Terms
Standard Glossary of Packaging Inks and Coatings Terms 1 Acrylic binder Additive Basecoat Binder/ Vehicle Non-reactive Styrene-acrylate-copolymers or pure acrylate polymers as a resin solution in water
More informationImprovement of Carbon Nanotubes Dispersivity in Poly(Styrene/Methacrylate) Composites by Chemical Functionalization
OPEN ACCESS http://sciforum.net/conference/ecm-1 Proceedings Paper Improvement of Carbon Nanotubes Dispersivity in Poly(Styrene/Methacrylate) Composites by Chemical Functionalization Fabio Faraguna, Elvira
More informationSTUDY OF ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON MORPHOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF THE PET/PP/PE/EVA POLYMERIC BLEND
2009 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 2009 Rio de Janeiro,RJ, Brazil, September27 to October 2, 2009 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-03-8 STUDY OF ELECTRON
More informationLaser induced chemical and physical modifications of polymer films: dependence on the irradiation wavelength
Ž. Applied Surface Science 109r110 1997 227 231 Laser induced chemical and physical modifications of polymer films: dependence on the irradiation wavelength T. Lippert a,), T. Nakamura b, H. Niino b, A.
More informationStandard Glossary of Food Contact Material Inks and Coatings Terms
1 Standard Glossary of Food Contact Material Inks and Coatings Terms Acrylic binder Additive Basecoat Binder/ Vehicle Non-reactive Styrene-acrylate-copolymers or pure acrylate polymers as a resin solution
More informationModern Additive Technology - a view into the future
Introduction Modern Additive Technology - a view into the future Dr. Jürgen Omeis, Dr. Guillaume Jaunky BYK-Chemie GmbH, Wesel, Germany Reviewing the current literature of colloids and interfacial materials,
More informationInternational Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology
Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol., 9(1) (2012), pp. 1-8 International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology ISSN 2229-6107 Available online at www.ijopaasat.in Research Paper Preparation,
More informationDispersion of rgo in Polymeric Matrices by Thermodynamically Favorable Self-Assembly of GO at Oil-Water Interfaces
Supporting information for Dispersion of rgo in Polymeric Matrices by Thermodynamically Favorable Self-Assembly of GO at Oil-Water Interfaces Saeed Zajforoushan Moghaddam, Sina Sabury and Farhad Sharif*
More informationGold nanothorns macroporous silicon hybrid structure: a simple and ultrasensitive platform for SERS
Supporting Information Gold nanothorns macroporous silicon hybrid structure: a simple and ultrasensitive platform for SERS Kamran Khajehpour,* a Tim Williams, b,c Laure Bourgeois b,d and Sam Adeloju a
More informationVINYL ACETATE-ETHYLENE (VAE) DISPERSIONS PROVIDE HIGH PERFORMANCE VERSATILE BINDERS FOR A VARIETY OF COATINGS APPLICATIONS
VINYL ACETATE-ETYLENE (VAE) DISPERSIONS PROVIDE IG PERFORMANCE VERSATILE BINDERS FOR A VARIETY OF COATINGS APPLICATIONS Authors: Kevin Merlo, Ricardo Gouvea, Angelita Saul, and Markus Busold Wacker Chemical
More informationKeeping the weight up
Keeping the weight up Acrylic polymer dispersions give novel approach to waterborne coatings. Dirk Mestach, Derrick R. Twene. Waterborne UV-curing binders based on acrylic polymer dispersions have been
More informationSurface modification of Microfibrillated Cellulose films by Gas-Phase Esterification: Improvement of Barrier Properties.
Surface modification of Microfibrillated Cellulose films by Gas-Phase Esterification: Improvement of Barrier Properties. G. Rodionova*, M. Lenes**, Ø. Eriksen**, B. H. Hoff*, Ø. W. Gregersen* * Norwegian
More informationProtective coatings for aluminum alloy based on. hyperbranched 1,4-polytriazoles
Protective coatings for aluminum alloy based on hyperbranched 1,4-polytriazoles Elaine Armelin a,b,*, Rory Whelan c, Yeimy Mabel Martínez-Triana, c Carlos Alemán a,b, M. G. Finn d and David Díaz Díaz c,e*
More informationReport on Preparation of Nanotemplates for mab Crystallization
Deliverable number D2.1 Due date 30/09/2017 Deliverable title Report on Preparation of Nanotemplates for mab Crystallization Issue date 21/09/2017 WP number WP2 Author(s) J. Heng, W. Chen, H. Yang Lead
More informationEncapsulation. Battelle Technology. Introduction
Encapsulation Introduction The encapsulation methods reported in the literature 1-7 for the production of microcapsules are generally achieved using one of the following techniques: 1. Phase separation
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Catalysis is an important process to improve the production of chemicals. This phenomenon can be employed in a chemical reaction that is favored thermodynamically but is very slow
More informationPolymer Reaction Engineering
Polymer Reaction Engineering Polymerization Techniques Bulk Solution Suspension Emulsion Interfacial Polymerization Solid-State Gas-Phase Plasma Polymerization in Supercritical Fluids Bulk Polymerization
More informationNano Scale Organosilane Asphalt Applications
Nano Scale Organosilane Asphalt Applications Virginia Asphalt Association 2018 Bryan Atkins H.T.A.S. Doug Zuberer Zydex Industries Organosilane Chemistry Developed over 50 years ago by Dow Corning for
More informationDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
5 th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, ACAM 2007 10-12 December 2007, Brisbane, Australia Toughening mechanisms in novel nano-silica epoxy polymers A.J. Kinloch 1, B.B. Johnsen 1, R.D. Mohammed
More informationPhotoinitiation, Photopolymerization, and Photocuring
Jean-Pierre Fouassier Photoinitiation, Photopolymerization, and Photocuring Fundamentals and Applications Hanser Publishers, Munich Vienna New York Hanser/Gardner Publications, Inc., Cincinnati Contents
More informationPOSS for Surface Modification and and Corrosion Prevention
PSS for Surface Modification and and Corrosion Prevention Bill einerth Presented at the Nanostructured Chemicals Workshop September 7 th - 8 th, 2000 18237 Mount Baldy Circle Fountain Valley, CA 92708
More informationAnalysing monomer performance
Analysing monomer performance Three types of reactive diluents were studied in detail regarding their performance in polyurethane acrylate based UV curing coating formulations. The results indicate that
More informationThe Performance Stability of Ophthalmic Material with UV-Block Effect Containing Hydroxyl Benzophenone Group and Tungsten Nanoparticles
Journal of the Korean Chemical Society Printed in the Republic of Korea https://doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2017.61.3.97 The Performance Stability of Ophthalmic Material with UV-Block Effect Containing Hydroxyl
More information[Supporting information]
[Supporting information] Proof of ionic transport in interparticles of LiMPO 4 electrodes Kyu T. Lee, Wang H. Kan, Linda F. Nazar *. University of Waterloo, Department of Chemistry, Waterloo, Ontario,
More informationStructure and properties of polyurethane nanocomposites modified by dibutyl phosphate boehmite
Materials Science-Poland, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2008 Structure and properties of polyurethane nanocomposites modified by dibutyl phosphate boehmite J. RYSZKOWSKA *, M. JURCZYK Warsaw University of Technology,
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting Information A Facile Immersion-Curing Approach to Surface-Tailored
More informationSizes 48" x 96" (1.22m x 2.44m) Custom sheet sizes available upon request
Applications Decorative paneling Partitions Water features Signage Furniture Displays and more... Attributes Excellent UV properties High impact resistance - 17x greater than glass and 4x greater than
More informationSupporting information
Supporting information A Facile and Large-area Fabrication Method of Superhydrophobic Self-cleaning Flourinated Polysiloxane/TiO 2 Nanocomposite Coatings with Long-term Durability Xiaofeng Ding, Shuxue
More informationChange in physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide / silica nanocomposite film
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 7, Issue 6 (June 2013), PP. 01-05 Change in physico-mechanical and thermal properties
More informationSYNTHESIS OF INORGANIC MATERIALS AND NANOMATERIALS. Pr. Charles Kappenstein LACCO, Laboratoire de Catalyse en Chimie Organique, Poitiers, France
SYNTHESIS OF INORGANIC MATERIALS AND NANOMATERIALS Pr. Charles Kappenstein LACCO, Laboratoire de Catalyse en Chimie Organique, Poitiers, France Outline IV - FORMATION OF SOLIDS FROM SOLUTIONS 1) Glass
More informationIntroduction: Green Technology
Product categories Surfactant classification Introduction: Green Technology One of the newer technologies is using renewable resources as basis for surfactant formulating Surfactant: hydrophilic / hydrophobic
More informationApplication Note # AN112 Failure analysis of packaging materials
Application Note # AN112 Failure analysis of packaging materials Introduction Packaging materials are often composed of various layers that fulfill different functions. The actual packaging foil has a
More informationENCAPSULATION OF ALUMINIUM PIGMENTS
U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series B, Vol. 78, Iss. 4, 2016 ISSN 1454-2331 ENCAPSULATION OF ALUMINIUM PIGMENTS D. DRAGNEA 1, A. SMOCHINĂ 2, C.S. BÎLDEA 3, E. ZAHARIA 4, I. DRAGNEA 5, D. GUDOVAN 6 This contribution
More informationCONTROL OF THE INTERPHASE INTERACTION AND MORPHOLOGY IN THE ORGANIC-INORGANIC POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES
CNTL F THE INTEPHASE INTEACTIN AND MPHLGY IN THE GANIC-INGANIC PLYME NANCMPSITES P. Murias, L. Matějka Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech epublic, Heyrovsky Sq.2, 162
More informationNovel UV Curable Polyurethanes from Glycidyl Carbamate (GC) Resins
ovel UV Curable Polyurethanes from Glycidyl Carbamate (GC) Resins Umesh D. arka 1, Dusty Pfundhelle 1, Andrew J. Muehlber 1 and Dean C. Webste 1* Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials orth Dakota
More informationFormation and Surface Modification of Nanopatterned Thiol-ene Substrates using
Supporting Information Formation and Surface Modification of Nanopatterned Thiol-ene Substrates using Step and Flash Imprint Lithography Vaibhav S. Khire, 1 Youngwoo Yi, 2 Noel A. Clark, 2 and Christopher
More informationJ. Photopolym. Sci. Technol., Vol. 22, No. 5, Fig. 1. Orthogonal solvents to conventional process media.
originates from the limited number of options regarding orthogonal solvents, i.e. solvents that do not dissolve or adversely damage a pre-deposited organic materials layer. The simplest strategy to achieve
More informationDendritic Star Polymer of Polyacrylamide Based on β-cyclodextrin Trimer: A. Flocculant and Drug Vehicle
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for New Journal of Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2016 Electronic Supporting Information
More informationFLEXIBLE FILMS TREATMENT
FLEXIBLE FILMS TREATMENT ROLL TO ROLL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE COLD PLASMA - SURFACE CHEMICAL ACTIVATION & FUNCTIONNALIZATION - DEPOSITION of NANO COATINGS At INDUSTRIALSCALE Eric GAT & TRAN Minh Duc PRODUCTS
More information(c) Dr. Payal B. Joshi
Polymer (Greek: poly=many; mer=part) Made up of large molecules characterized by repeating units called monomers held together by covalent bonds Functionality To act as monomer, it must have at least two
More informationCOMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF SILYLATED POLYURETHANE, SILICONE AND NON-SILICONE PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES
COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF SILYLATED POLYURETHANE, SILICONE AND NON-SILICONE PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES Roy M. Griswold and Robert L. Frye, Momentive Performance Materials, Wilton, CT Introduction SPUR
More informationWhite Paper: Transparent High Dielectric Nanocomposite
Zhiyun (Gene) Chen, Ph.D., Vice President of Engineering Pixelligent Technologies 64 Beckley Street, Baltimore, Maryland 2224 Email: zchen@pixelligent.com February 205 Abstract High dielectric constant
More informationAdhesion Improvement on Smooth Cu Wiring Surfaces of Printed Circuit Boards
[Technical Paper] Adhesion Improvement on Smooth Cu Wiring Surfaces of Printed Circuit Boards Motoaki Tani*, Shinya Sasaki*, and Keisuke Uenishi** *Next-Generation Manufacturing Technologies Research Center,
More informationSilanes and inorganic particles
Silanes and inorganic particles The winning combination for scratch and abrasion resistant coatings. Björn Borup, Roland Edelmann, Reiner Mehnert Requirements on surface material are especially exigent
More informationVan der Waals Interaction between Polymer Aggregates and Substrate Surface Analyzed by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology Volume 15,Number 1(2002)127-132 2002TAPJ L Van der Waals Interaction between Polymer Aggregates and Substrate Surface Analyzed by Atomic Force Microscope
More informationSupplementary Information for. Silver Nanoparticles Embedded Anti-microbial Paints Based on Vegetable Oil
Supplementary Information for Silver Nanoparticles Embedded Anti-microbial Paints Based on Vegetable Oil Ashavani Kumar #, Praveen Kumar Vemula #, Pulickel M. Ajayan, George John * Department of Chemistry,
More informationNanoparticle-Doped Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer Films
Nanoparticle-Doped Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer Films DE VIG Jorge Pérez-Juste, Luis M. Liz-Marzán, Isabel Pastoriza-Santos Departamento de Química Física Universidade de Vigo utline DE VIG Some Properties
More informationThe fine dispersion of functionalized carbon nanotubes in acrylic latex coatings
Progress in Organic Coatings 57 (2006) 91 97 The fine dispersion of functionalized carbon nanotubes in acrylic latex coatings P. Vandervorst a, C.-H. Lei a,y.lin c, O. Dupont b, A.B. Dalton a, Y.-P. Sun
More informationVISIBLE LIGHT. L 32 Light and Optics [2] Seeing through the window. Windows behaving as mirrors. Seeing through a window
L 32 Light and Optics [2] Measurements of the speed of light The bending of light refraction Total internal reflection Dispersion Dispersion Rainbows Atmospheric scattering Blue sky and red sunsets Mirrors
More informationSee https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles.
INDEX Downloaded via 148.251.232.83 on July 1, 2018 at 13:24:59 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles. A Abstraction, hydrogen 107
More informationenzymatic cascade system
Electronic Supplementary Information Fe 3 O 4 -Au@mesoporous SiO 2 microsphere: an ideal artificial enzymatic cascade system Xiaolong He, a,c Longfei Tan, a Dong Chen,* b Xiaoli Wu, a,c Xiangling Ren,
More informationAbsorption of Composite Material Epoxy- Phenol Formaldehyde Hybrid Blend.
Quest Journals Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering Volume 4 ~ Issue 1 (2018) pp: 18-22 ISSN(Online) : 2321-8185 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Absorption of Composite Material Epoxy- Phenol
More informationPreparation of Organic Aerogels
Preparation of Organic Aerogels A-L. Peikolainen*, M. Koel Institute of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia ABSTRACT Preparation of low-density methylresorcinol-formaldehyde
More information3.30 TITANIUM DIOXIDE
181 3.30 TITANIUM DIOXIDE Technology Prospects Addressable market size 5 Competitive landscape 3 IP landscape 4 Commercial prospects 4 Technology drawbacks 3 Total score (out of max. 25): 19 3.30.1 Properties
More informationASSOCIATIVE POLYURETHANE THICKENERS FOR WATER- BORNE COATINGS Rheological behavior precisely adjusted application!
In a more and more competitive environment coating materials must be able to be optimally used. The desired layer thickness should be applied in an optimum way in a single work step with simple processing
More informationTEPZZ A T EP A2 (19) (11) EP A2. (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art.
(19) TEPZZ 644668A T (11) EP 2 644 668 A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art. 13(4) EPC (43) Date of publication: 02..13 Bulletin 13/ (21) Application number: 1274694.2 (22)
More informationSurface modification of silica particles with organoalkoxysilanes through two-step (acid-base) process in aqueous solution
Journal of Ceramic Processing Research. Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 216~221 (2002) J O U R N A L O F Surface modification of silica particles with organoalkoxysilanes through two-step (acid-base) process in aqueous
More information