Today is Friday (!) March 16 th, 2018
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1 In This Lesson: Covalent Nomenclature and Acids (Lesson 2 of 4) Today is Friday (!) March 16 th, 2018 Pre-Class: What s the name of CaCl 2? What s the name of CO 2? Why the difference? Stuff You Need: See below Also, find the following: The flowchart-lookin thing I gave you days ago called Compound Naming Chart Nomenclature Practice Sheet (a class or two ago) Nomenclature 180 Names Periodic Tables
2 Today s Agenda Naming acids. Naming covalent (molecular) compounds. PRACTICE. Where is this in my book? P. 280 and following
3 By the end of this lesson You should be able to name molecular compounds and acids.
4 Practice to Start 180 Names #70-90 Quiz Review
5 Acids We ll learn about acids later in the year. For now, know this: Acids are always aqueous (aq) dissolved in water. Most acids chemical formulas begin with Hydrogen (H). Naming them follows a predictable few steps.
6 Naming Acids First, cover the (H) and name the anion normally. Sulfide. Next, use this key: Anion Suffix Acid Name Example H 2 S 2- -ide -ate -ite Hydrosulfuric acid Hydro ic acid ic acid ous acid
7 Remembering Acid Names Ick, I ate it. ic is the acid suffix for stuff otherwise ending in ate. Ite, I oust it. OR Riteous ous is the acid suffix for stuff otherwise ending in ite. You ll have to come up with something for hydro ic acid. I m not creative enough.
8 Practice HCl Cl - would be chloride, so it s hydrochloric acid. H 2 SO 4 SO 4 2- would be sulfate, so it s sulfuric acid. HClO 2 ClO 2- would be chlorite, so it s chlorous acid.
9 Practice 180 Names #
10 And, of course, backwards To write an acid formula from its name, reverse the naming key. Then, balance the charge of the anion with the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen forms a 1+ charge in acids. Example: Nitrous Acid Nitrous means it must have been Nitrite (NO 2- ) To balance the -1 charge, use one H + ion. HNO 2
11 Writing Acid Formulas Bromic Acid HBrO 3 Hydroiodic Acid HI Chlorous Acid HClO 2 Phosphoric Acid H 3 PO 4
12 Now then Previously we learned about binary ionic compounds. Compounds involving two elements bonded ionically (because of their charge) typically a metal and a nonmetal. Now we will learn about binary molecular compounds. These are compounds between two nonmetals or metalloids. Also known as binary covalent compounds.
13 Molecular Compound Nomenclature The first element in the formula is named first. It keeps its original name. If there is a subscript on it, it gets a prefix. Don t put mono in there. The second element is named second (duh). Use the element root name plus the ide suffix. Always use a prefix on the second element. The second element is always the more electronegative one (generally closer to Fluorine).
14 Prefixes Number Prefix 1 Mon(o)- 2 Di- 3 Tri- 4 Tetr(a)- 5 Pent(a)- 6 Hex(a)- 7 Hept(a)- 8 Oct(a)- 9 Non(a)- 10 Dec(a)-
15 Naming Binary Compounds P 2 O 5 Diphosphorous pentoxide CO 2 Carbon dioxide CO Carbon monoxide N 2 O Dinitrogen monoxide
16 Practice Write the Name Compound Formula N 2 O 4 SO 3 CH 6 NO 2 As 2 O 5 PCl 3 CCl 4 SeF 6 Compound Name Dinitrogen tetroxide Sulfur trioxide Carbon hexahydride Nitrogen dioxide Diarsenic pentoxide Phosphorus trichloride Carbon tetrachloride Selenium hexafluoride
17 Practice Write the Formula Compound Formula Compound Name N 2 I 3 Dinitrogen triiodide P 2 O 5 Diphosphorus pentoxide N 2 O Dinitrogen monoxide SiO 2 Silicon dioxide CBr 4 Carbon tetrabromide SO 2 Sulfur dioxide PBr 5 Phosphorus pentabromide [Hept(a)-] [Prefix for 7]
18 A Quick Break Occasionally, when it s relevant, I try to stop and remind students of big picture things important issues in our world concerning chemistry (or other stuff). There is a simple compound out there that s become an ecological menace. Every creature needs some, but too much can lead to a major ecological, societal, and environmental disaster. What chemical am I talking about? Dihydrogen monoxide.
19 Dihydrogen Monoxide Dihydrogen monoxide is: Fatal if inhaled. Linked to the greenhouse effect. A major component of acid rain. Capable of causing severe burns. Eroding the natural landscape. Accelerating corrosion and rusting of metals. Capable of causing electrical failures. Found in the tumors of cancer patients.
20 Dihydrogen Monoxide Despite all those problems, dihydrogen monoxide is used in: Nuclear power plants Animal testing Junk food additives Pesticides Schools (including this one)
21 Dihydrogen Monoxide To relate this to our current topic, please take a moment to write the formula for dihydrogen monoxide. I want you to know it when you see it: H 2 O
22 DHMO.org Visit for more information. Also, a DHMO Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
23 Practice Nomenclature Practice Sheet 25-42
24 How to Name How do you know what naming system to use? Use ionic nomenclature when: There is a metal and a non-metal. There are positive and negative charges. Use acid nomenclature when: H is in front of the formula, or the name has acid. Use covalent/molecular nomenclature when: There are two non-metals or metalloids. The charges are all negative.
25 Closure Remember the gas density video from Mythbusters? In the video, Adam says he s using Helium (He) to make his voice higher. No compound there. However, to make his voice lower, Adam uses Sulfur hexafluoride. What s the formula? SF 6
26 Closure Want practice? Want a way to do a flashcard review of nomenclature and polyatomic ions from your mobile device? Download the StudyBlue app (it s free for iphone/ipad/android) and follow this link: Class Code: Alternatively, just follow it on a computer and it ll work the same way. Link is available on my Chemistry Links page.
27 Closure Nomenclature Review This is it, folks. The last of the nomenclature. Work on this quietly and on your own. We ll break up the sections and score them as we go. This is feedback for how you re doing. Take it personally.
28 Nomenclature Review Start with #1-19. When finished, go to the lab tables and grade one another s work. Now do # When finished, go to the lab tables and grade one another s work. Now do # When finished, go to the lab tables and grade one another s work. Now do # #50 is tough. When finished, go to the lab tables and grade one another s work. Now do # THIS SECTION IS LIKE YOUR QUIZ. When finished, go to the lab tables and grade one another s work. Now do # When finished, go to the lab tables and grade one another s work.
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