OPPORTUNITY TO JOIN IEEE AND NPSS
|
|
- Shannon Warner
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 OPPORTUNITY TO JOIN IEEE AND NPSS If you are NOT an IEEE Member, IEEE & NPSS offers you a FREE: Half-year membership in IEEE (value= ~$80)* Half-year membership in NPSS (value= ~$13)* Half-year subscription to web versions of the IEEE TNS and the TPS journals * Paid for by NPSS and by IEEE (membership expires in Jan 2008) Visit the IEEE booth in the Exhibit Hall Nuclear and Plasma Science Society
2 OPPORTUNITY TO JOIN IEEE AND NPSS If you ARE an IEEE Member (but not a member of NPSS), IEEE & NPSS offers you a FREE: Half-year membership in NPSS (value= ~$13)* Half-year subscription to web versions of the IEEE TNS and the TPS journals * Paid for by NPSS and by IEEE (membership expires in Jan 2008) Visit the IEEE booth in the Exhibit Hall Nuclear and Plasma Science Society
3 Scintillator Non-Proportionality William W. Moses, Woon-Seng Choong, Giulia Hull, Bryan Reutter, Steve Payne, Nerine Cherepy, and John Valentine Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory June 4, 2007 This work supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA-22) of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.
4 Light Yield BGO NaI:Tl CsI:Tl LSO LaCl 3 :Ce LaBr 3 :Ce 8,200 photons/mev 38,000 photons/mev 60,000 photons/mev 28,000 photons/mev 50,000 photons/mev 63,000 photons/mev Fundamental Scintillator Constant
5 Non-Proportionality 1.05 Relative Light Yield Energy Deposit (kev) Light Yield Not Constant Depends on Particle Energy & Type
6 1950 s: Non-Proportionality First Studied Alkali Halides (NaI & CsI) Different Particle Types (γ, β, p, α, Light & Heavy Nuclei, Fission Fragments, ) ~4 Orders of Magnitude Energy Range Why Does Light Yield Depend on Particle Type & Energy?
7 Light Yield Correlated with Ionization Density Mechanism: Saturation of Luminescent Centers Scintillation Efficiency (dl/de) Ionization Density (de/dx) Work Stopped in Late 1960 s Figure from R. B. Murray & A. Meyer, Phys. Rev. 122, pp , 1961
8 1991: LSO Discovered BGO 662 kev LSO 662 kev Counts per Bin % fwhm Counts per Bin % fwhm Pulse Height Bin Pulse Height Bin ~4x More Light Than BGO, But Same Resolution Why Isn t Resolution Dominated by Counting Statistics?
9 1995: Non-Proportionality Resurrected to Explain Poor Energy Resolution Interest Steady Growing (for γ excitation )
10 How Does Non-Proportionality Affect Energy Resolution? The Onion Model
11 Layer 1: Photon Response
12 Initial Interaction: Compton vs. Photoelectric Scintillator 1.05 Incident Gamma Photoelectric Compton Photoelectric Relative Light Yield Energy Deposit (kev) Non-Proportionality + Multiple Energy Deposit Degraded Energy Resolution
13 Energy Resolution for Small LSO Crystal Counts per Bin LSO 2 mm Cube 662 kev 10.7% fwhm Counts per Bin LSO 1 cm Cube 662 kev 9.4% fwhm Pulse Height Bin Pulse Height Bin Large Difference in Photoelectric Fraction No Difference in Energy Resolution There Must Be Something More
14 Photoelectric Interactions W K L M Valence γ photoelectron Usually Occur with Inner Shell Electrons Inner Shell Hole Filled via Cascade
15 Simplified Cascade Diagram for NaI Different Photoelectron Energies 1 4 kev Auger Electrons 83% K-Shell Interactions ~30 kev Fluorescent X-Rays Many Energetic (>1 kev) Particles Created Fluorescent X-Rays & Auger Electrons Figure from B.D. Rooney & J.D. Valentine, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 44, pp , 1997
16 Cascade After Photoelectric Interaction 1.05 Photoelectron Initial Gamma Relative Light Yield Fluorescent X-Ray Auger Electrons Energy Deposit (kev) Non-Proportionality + Multiple Energy Deposit Degraded Energy Resolution
17 Monochromatic Gamma Scintillator Photodetector Photon Response Relative Light Yield Energy (kev) Structure in Photon Response Curve Includes Many Confounding Effects Figure from M. Moszyński, et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A-484, pp , 2002
18 Layer 2: Electron Response
19 Electron Response Monochromatic Electron Scintillator Photodetector Surface Effects Sample Charging
20 How Is Electron Response Measured? 662 kev Gamma Compton Scatters in in Scintillator Energy of Scattered Gamma Measured in in HPGe Plot Light Output vs. Electron Energy (E γ γ E HPGe ) Figure from J.D. Valentine, et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A-486, pp. 452, 2002
21 Second Generation Apparatus: SLYNCI (Scintillator Light Yield Nonproportionality Characterization Instrument) Collimated 1 mci Source See Poster PMo06 (W.-S. Choong) Scintillator on Hybrid Photodiode 30% HPGe Detector, 10 cm away from Scintillator Measures Electron Response in <1 Day
22 Compton Interactions W K L M Valence γ Compton electron Usually Occur with Outer Shell Electrons All Energy Transferred to e (No Cascade)
23 Electron Response vs. Photon Response Photon Response Electron Response Relative Light Yield Rooney and Valentine NaI:Tl (Sample 2) NaI:Tl (Sample 1) Energy (kev) Electron Response Has Less Structure Photon Response Can Be Qualitatively Predicted from Electron Response & Cascade Figure on left from M. Moszyński, et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A-484, pp , 2002 Data on right from B.D. Rooney & J.D. Valentine, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 44, pp , 1997
24 Do Primary Compton & Core Holes / Cascade Completely Explain Resolution Degradation? Energy Resolution (fwhm) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Counting Stats Electron Excited See Poster PMo31 (B. Reutter) Gamma Excited Excitation Energy (kev) No!!! There Must Be Something More
25 Electron Energy Deposit Still Non-Uniform! Landau Fluctuations Delta Ray γ e + e in Bubble Chamber
26 Layer 3: Ionization Density
27 Yield Depends on Electron Ionization Density Relative Light Yield Light Yield Ionization Density Energy (kev) Ionization Density (de/dx) Relative Light Yield Ionization Density (de/dx) Non-Proportionality + Non-Uniform Energy Deposit Degraded Energy Resolution
28 Compute Fluctuations in Light Output Along the Electron Track Bethe-Block Equation Gives ionization density (de/dx) as function of E Landau Equation Gives variation in ionization density (de/dx) Measured Electron Response Gives scintillation efficiency as function of E Preliminary work done by Steve Payne Compute Variance in in Light Produced at at Each Point Integrate Variance Along Track To Get Total Variance Gives Reasonable Prediction of Intrinsic Broadening
29 Layer 4: Exciton Interactions
30 Understand Shape of Electron Response Exciton Exciton Annihilation: Birk s Equation? 1.05 η ANNIH = 1 / [1 + a B (de/dx)] Relative Light Yield Exciton Formation: Diffusion Length? Hecht Equation? η EXC = 1 b e/h exp [- b EXC (de/dx)] Energy Deposit (kev) Could Fundamental Cause of Non-Proportional Electron Response Be Exciton Exciton Annihilation?
31 How Can We Test This? Change Temperature Change exciton mobility Measure Decay Times Observe exciton kinetics Change Dopant Concentration Examine luminescent center saturation Add Defects Examine competition from non-radiative centers Many Variables to Study Many Studies Necessary
32 Conclusion: A Few Layers Peeled, but Plenty of Onion Left!
33 kev kev Top View of Apparatus kev kev kev kev 1 40 kev kev kev kev 125 cps System Event Rate Expected
34 Understand Shape of Electron Response Exciton Formation: Hecht equation η EXC = 1 b e/h exp [- b EXC (de/dx)] Exciton Exciton Annihilation: Birk s equation η ANNIH = 1 / [1 + a B (de/dx)] Electron Response η EXC η ANNIH LaCl 3 LaBr 3 Material Fundamental Cause of Fundamental a B b e/h b EXC Cause R FWHM (%) of (cm/mev) (cm/mev) predicted R FWHM (%) measured Non-Proportional Electron Response Non-Proportional NaI(Tl) Electron Response 5.5 LaBr 3 (Ce) ~1 May Be Exciton Exciton Annihilation LaCl 3 (Ce) May Be Exciton Exciton Annihilation
35 Light Output per kev of Electron Energy for Several Scintillators From W. Mengesha, T. Taulbee, B. Rooney and J. Valentine, Light yield nonproportionality of CsI(Tl), CsI(Na), and YAP, IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 45, pp , Relative Light Output NaI:Tl CsI:Tl CsI:Na Relative Light Output CaF2:Eu LSO YAP BGO GSO BaF2 LaCl Electron Energy (kev) Electron Energy (kev) Ideal Scintillator Would Be Horizontal Line
36 Relate Linearity to Energy Resolution Linearity Energy Resolution % Relative Light Output LaCl3 NaI Ideal Energy Resolution (% fwhm) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% LaCl3 NaI Ideal Electron Energy (kev) 0% Gamma Energy (kev) Study With Monte Carlo Simulation
37 What Can Be Improved? Conventional PMT (non-linearity issues) Simple Coincidence Hybrid Photodiode (much more linear) More Sophisticated ~10% HPGe Detector >1 Ci Source Multiple Channels ~1 m Away From Sample ~2 m Away From Sample Higher Rate Calibration Events Multiple Detectors Smaller Source, Closer More to Efficient Sample Scintillator Decay Time Detectors Closer to Sample Lots of Opportunities for Improvement Expect Measurement Time <1 Day
38 How Do We Measure Electron Response? Ge1 Ge5 Ge3 Ge2 Ge4 Light Yield Signal Detected by the Photomultiplier Tube Electron Energy = 662 (Energy of the Scattered Photon Detected by the HPGe)
39 Analysis Method
SCI-O11. Design of a Compton Spectrometer Experiment for Studying Electron Response of a Scintillator
88 The 1 st NPRU Academic Conference SCI-O11 Design of a Compton Spectrometer Experiment for Studying Electron Response of a Scintillator P. Limkitjaroenporn and W.Chewpraditkul Radiation Physics Laboratory,
More informationLight yield non-proportionality and intrinsic energy resolution of doped CsI scintillators
NUKLEONIKA 2008;53(2):51 56 ORIGINAL PAPER Light yield non-proportionality and intrinsic energy resolution of doped CsI scintillators Weerapong Chewpraditkul, Lukasz Swiderski, Marek Moszynski Abstract.
More informationEnergy Resolution of Scintillation Detectors New Observations
Energy Resolution of Scintillation Detectors New Observations M. Moszyński, A. Nassalski, Ł. Świderski, A. Syntfeld-Każuch, T. Szczęśniak, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies PL 05-400 Otwock-Świerk,
More informationNon-proportional response and energy resolution of pure SrI 2 and SrI 2 :5%Eu scintillators
Non-proportional response and energy resolution of pure SrI 2 and SrI 2 :5%Eu scintillators Mikhail S. Alekhin, Ivan V. Khodyuk, Johan T.M. de Haas, Pieter Dorenbos, Member, IEEE Abstract - Non-proportional
More informationInorganic Scintillators
Inorganic Scintillators Inorganic scintillators are inorganic materials (usually crystals) that emit light in response to ionizing radiation NaI is the protypical example Scintillation mechanism is different
More informationDetector technology. Aim of this talk. Principle of a radiation detector. Interactions of gamma photons (gas) Gas-filled detectors: examples
Aim of this tal Detector technology WMIC Educational Program Nuclear Imaging World Molecular Imaging Congress, Dublin, Ireland, Sep 5-8, 202 You can now the name of a bird in all the languages of the world,
More informationLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Title Labr3:Ce scintillators for gamma ray spectroscopy Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38f0c7zv Authors Shah, K.S.
More informationA new timing model for calculating the intrinsic timing resolution of a scintillator detector
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING Phys. Med. Biol. 5 (7) 3 7 PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY doi:.88/3-955/5/4/6 A new timing model for calculating the intrinsic timing resolution of a scintillator detector
More informationNon-proportionality of organic scintillators and BGO
Winston-Salem June 4, 2007 Non-proportionality of organic scintillators and BGO A. Nassalski, M. Moszyński, A. Syntfeld-Każuch, Ł. Świderski, T. Szczęśniak. The Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, PL
More informationNew Scintillators for the Border Monitoring Equipment
New Scintillators for the Border Monitoring Equipment M. Moszynski a a Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, PL 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, Poland Performance of new scintillators characterized by a high energy
More informationChapter 4 Scintillation Detectors
Med Phys 4RA3, 4RB3/6R03 Radioisotopes and Radiation Methodology 4-1 4.1. Basic principle of the scintillator Chapter 4 Scintillation Detectors Scintillator Light sensor Ionizing radiation Light (visible,
More informationIII. Energy Deposition in the Detector and Spectrum Formation
1 III. Energy Deposition in the Detector and Spectrum Formation a) charged particles Bethe-Bloch formula de 4πq 4 z2 e 2m v = NZ ( ) dx m v ln ln 1 0 2 β β I 0 2 2 2 z, v: atomic number and velocity of
More informationThe NaI:Tl and CsI:Tl crystals for effective detection of X-rays and low energy charged particles
The NaI:Tl and CsI:Tl crystals for effective detection of X-rays and low energy charged particles Alexander M. Kudin Institute for Scintillation Materials NAS of Ukraine National University of Civil Protection
More informationNon-proportional scintillation response of NaI:Tl to low energy X-ray photons and electrons
Non-proportional scintillation response of NaI:Tl to low energy X-ray photons and electrons I.V. Khodyuk 1,2, P.A. Rodnyi 2, and P. Dorenbos 1 1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology,
More informationDETECTORS. I. Charged Particle Detectors
DETECTORS I. Charged Particle Detectors A. Scintillators B. Gas Detectors 1. Ionization Chambers 2. Proportional Counters 3. Avalanche detectors 4. Geiger-Muller counters 5. Spark detectors C. Solid State
More informationApplied Nuclear Physics (Fall 2006) Lecture 21 (11/29/06) Detection of Nuclear Radiation: Pulse Height Spectra
22.101 Applied Nuclear Physics (Fall 2006) Lecture 21 (11/29/06) Detection of Nuclear Radiation: Pulse Height Spectra References: W. E. Meyerhof, Elements of Nuclear Physics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1967),
More information28th Seismic Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies DESIGN OF A PHOSWICH WELL DETECTOR FOR RADIOXENON MONITORING
DESIGN OF A PHOSWICH WELL DETECTOR FOR RADIOXENON MONITORING W. Hennig 1, H. Tan 1, A. Fallu-Labruyere 1, W. K. Warburton 1, J. I. McIntyre 2, A. Gleyzer 3 XIA, LLC 1, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
More information29th Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies
CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSWICH WELL DETECTORS FOR RADIOXENON MONITORING Wolfgang Hennig 1, Hui Tan 1, William K. Warburton 1, Anthony Fallu-Labruyere 1, Konstantin Sabourov 1, Justin I. McIntyre 2, Matthew
More informationCharacterization of the Lanthanum Chloride Scintillation Detector
Characterization of the Lanthanum Chloride Scintillation Detector François Kazadi Kabuya 1*, Zslot Podolyak 2 1 Commissariat Général à l Energie Atomique, PO BOX 868 Kinshasa XI, DR Congo 2 Department
More informationGamma Spectroscopy. References: Objectives:
Gamma Spectroscopy References: G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000) W. R. Leo, Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments: A How-to Approach,
More informationThe fast light of CsI(Na) crystals
CPC (HEP & NP), 2011, xx(x): 1-5 Chinese Physics C Vol. xx, No. X, Xxx, 2011 The fast light of CsI(Na) crystals Xilei Sun 1;1) Junguang Lu 1 Tao Hu 1 Li Zhou 1 Jun Cao 1 Yifang Wang 1 Liang Zhan 1 Boxiang
More informationAlpha-Gamma discrimination by Pulse Shape in LaBr 3 :Ce and LaCl 3 :Ce
Alpha-Gamma discrimination by Pulse Shape in LaBr 3 :Ce and LaCl 3 :Ce F.C.L. Crespi 1,2, F.Camera 1,2, N. Blasi 2, A.Bracco 1,2, S. Brambilla 2, B. Million 2, R. Nicolini 1,2, L.Pellegri 1, S. Riboldi
More informationEEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection
EEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection 2. Radiation Detection Dr. Steve Peterson 5.14 RW James Department of Physics University of Cape Town steve.peterson@uct.ac.za May 06, 2015 EEE4106Z :: Radiation
More informationImproved scintillation proportionality and energy resolution of LaBr 3 :Ce at 80K
Improved scintillation proportionality and energy resolution of LaBr 3 :Ce at 80K Ivan V. Khodyuk, Mikhail S. Alekhin, Johan T.M. de Haas, and Pieter Dorenbos Luminescence Materials Research Group, Faculty
More informationEvaluation of the Nonlinear Response Function and Efficiency of a Scintillation Detector Using Monte Carlo and Analytical Methods
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 28, No. 2, 2014; 23-31 Evaluation of the Nonlinear Response Function and Efficiency of a Scintillation Detector Using Monte Carlo and Analytical Methods Rahim Khabaz, Farhad Yaghobi
More informationhν' Φ e - Gamma spectroscopy - Prelab questions 1. What characteristics distinguish x-rays from gamma rays? Is either more intrinsically dangerous?
Gamma spectroscopy - Prelab questions 1. What characteristics distinguish x-rays from gamma rays? Is either more intrinsically dangerous? 2. Briefly discuss dead time in a detector. What factors are important
More informationDual Isotope Imaging with LaBr3:Ce Crystal and H8500 PSPMT
Dual Isotope Imaging with LaBr3:Ce Crystal and H8500 PSPMT Dr. Andrea Fabbri, University of Rome Roma Tre I.N.F.N. (National Institue of Nuclear Physics) γ-ray imaging with scintillator and PSPMT γ-ray
More informationScintillation Detectors
Scintillation Detectors J.L. Tain Jose.Luis.Tain@ific.uv.es http://ific.uv.es/gamma/ Instituto de Física Corpuscular C.S.I.C - Univ. Valencia Scintillation detector: SCINTILLATION MATERIAL LIGHT-GUIDE
More informationRadiation (Particle) Detection and Measurement
Radiation (Particle) Detection and Measurement Radiation detection implies that the radiation interacts (e.g. leaves at least part of its energy) in the material. A specific material is chosen, because
More informationRecent advances and future perspectives of gamma imagers for scintimammography
3rd International Conference on Imaging Technologies in Biomedical Sciences: ITBS2005 Innovation in Nuclear and Radiological Imaging: From Basic Research to Clinical Application Milos Conference Center,
More informationIntroduction to scintillators
Introduction to scintillators M. Kobayashi (KEK) 17 November, 2003 1. Luminescence, fluorescence, scintillation, phosphorescence, etc. 2. Scintillation mechanism 3. Scintillation efficiency 4. Main characteristics
More informationEnergy resolution and absolute detection efficiency for LSO crystals: a comparison between Monte Carlo simulation and experimental data
Energy resolution and absolute detection efficiency for LSO crystals: a comparison between Monte Carlo simulation and experimental data Harold Rothfuss a,b, Larry Byars c, Michael E. Casey a, Maurizio
More informationMeasurement of nuclear recoil responses of NaI(Tl) crystal for dark matter search
Measurement of nuclear recoil responses of NaI(Tl) crystal for dark matter search Hanwool Joo on behalf of the KIMS-NaI collaboration Department of Physics and Astronomy, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul
More informationUltra High Quantum Efficiency PMT for energy resolution measurements of LaBr 3 (Ce) scintillation crystals
Ultra High Quantum Efficiency PMT for energy resolution measurements of LaBr 3 (Ce) scintillation crystals Roberto Pani INFN and Sapienza - University of Rome, Italy On behalf of ECORAD Collaboration Cinti
More informationJournal of Asian Scientific Research, 1(3),PP
AESS Publications, 2011 Page 130 Advanced Scintillator Crystal for Various Radiation Detection Abstract Author Rastgo Hawrami Department of Physics, Alabama A&M University, P.O. Box 428, Normal, AL 35762,
More informationDIGITAL PULSE SHAPE ANALYSIS WITH PHOSWICH DETECTORS TO SIMPLIFY COINCIDENCE MEASUREMENTS OF RADIOACTIVE XENON
DIGITAL PULSE SHAPE ANALYSIS WITH PHOSWICH DETECTORS TO SIMPLIFY COINCIDENCE MEASUREMENTS OF RADIOACTIVE XENON W. Hennig 1, H. Tan 1, W.K. Warburton 1, and J.I. McIntyre 2 XIA LLC 1, Pacific Northwest
More informationMeasurements of CsI(Tl) Crystals with PMT and APD. ipno.in2p3.fr Jean Peyré Milano - October 2006
Measurements of I(Tl) Crystals with PMT and APD Jean Peyré Milano - Oct 2006 IPNO-RDD-Jean Peyré 1 1.Characteristics of I(Tl), PMT and APD 2.Measurements on I(Tl) a) I(Tl) /Teflon + XP5300B b) I(Tl) /VM2000
More informationSimulation of 4π HPGe Compton-Suppression spectrometer
Vol. 9(2), pp. 13-19, 30 January, 2014 DOI: 10.5897/IJPS2013.4075 ISSN 1992-1950 2014 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/ijps International Journal of Physical Sciences Full Length Research
More informationPrecision Crystal Calorimeters in High Energy Physics: Past, Present and Future
April 4, 2006 1 International Symposium on Detector Development, SLAC, USA Precision Crystal Calorimeters in High Energy Physics: Past, Present and Future Ren-Yuan Zhu California Institute of Technology
More informationGamma-ray spectroscopy with the scintillator/photomultiplierand with the high purity Ge detector: Compton scattering, photoeffect, and pair production
Experiment N2: Gamma-ray spectroscopy with the scintillator/photomultiplierand with the high purity Ge detector: Compton scattering, photoeffect, and pair production References: 1. Experiments in Nuclear
More informationSCINTILLATION DETECTORS AND PM TUBES
SCINTILLATION DETECTORS AND PM TUBES General Characteristics Introduction Luminescence Light emission without heat generation Scintillation Luminescence by radiation Scintillation detector Radiation detector
More informationPrecision Crystal Calorimeters in High Energy Physics: Past, Present and Future
June 5, 2006 1 International Conference on Calorimetry in Particle Physics, Chicago, USA Precision Crystal Calorimeters in High Energy Physics: Past, Present and Future Ren-Yuan Zhu California Institute
More informationA NEW GENERATION OF GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE
A NEW GENERATION OF GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE Aleksandar GOSTOJIĆ CSNSM, Orsay, France 11 th Russbach School on Nuclear Astrophysics, March 2014. Introduction: Gamma-ray instruments GROUND BASED: ENERGY HIGHER
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.ins-det] 29 Jun 2011
Investigation of Large LGB Detectors for Antineutrino Detection P. Nelson a,, N. S. Bowden b, a Department of Physics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 99, USA b Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
More informationCompton suppression spectrometry
Compton suppression spectrometry In gamma ray spectrometry performed with High-purity Germanium detectors (HpGe), the detection of low intensity gamma ray lines is complicated by the presence of Compton
More informationRadioactivity. Lecture 6 Detectors and Instrumentation
Radioactivity Lecture 6 Detectors and Instrumentation The human organs Neither humans nor animals have an organ for detecting radiation from radioactive decay! We can not hear it, smell it, feel it or
More informationChapter 6: Basic radiation detectors
Chapter 6: Basic radiation detectors Set of 60 slides based on the chapter authored by C.W.E. VAN EIJK Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands of the publication
More informationRadiation Detection for the Beta- Delayed Alpha and Gamma Decay of 20 Na. Ellen Simmons
Radiation Detection for the Beta- Delayed Alpha and Gamma Decay of 20 Na Ellen Simmons 1 Contents Introduction Review of the Types of Radiation Charged Particle Radiation Detection Review of Semiconductor
More informationDesign of a Lanthanum Bromide Detector for TOF PET
Design of a Lanthanum Bromide Detector for TOF PET A. Kuhn, S. Surti, Member, IEEE, J. S. Karp, Senior Member, IEEE, P. S. Raby, K. S. Shah, A. E. Perkins, Member, IEEE, G. Muehllehner, Fellow Member,
More informationApplication of Birks' law of scintillator nonlinearity in Geant4. Alexander Tadday Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Heidelberg University
Alexander Tadday Alexander - IRTG Tadday Meeting - IRTG - Heidelberg Meeting - 05.11.20 Application of Birks' law of scintillator nonlinearity in Geant4 Alexander Tadday Kirchhoff Institute for Physics
More informationPreparatory experiments for cold-neutron induced fission studies at IKI
Preparatory experiments for cold-neutron induced fission studies at IKI A. Oberstedt 1, S. Oberstedt 2, R. Billnert 1, J. Karlsson 1, X. Ledoux 3, J.-G. Marmouget 3 and F.-J. Hambsch 2 1 School of Science
More informationScintillation Detector
Scintillation Detector Introduction The detection of ionizing radiation by the scintillation light produced in certain materials is one of the oldest techniques on record. In Geiger and Marsden s famous
More informationParticle Energy Loss in Matter
Particle Energy Loss in Matter Charged particles loose energy when passing through material via atomic excitation and ionization These are protons, pions, muons, The energy loss can be described for moderately
More informationApplied Radiation and Isotopes
Applied Radiation and Isotopes 69 () 6 67 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Radiation and Isotopes journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apradiso Evaluation of dual g-ray imager with
More informationEnergetic particles and their detection in situ (particle detectors) Part II. George Gloeckler
Energetic particles and their detection in situ (particle detectors) Part II George Gloeckler University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI University of Maryland, College Park, MD Simple particle detectors Gas-filled
More informationImproving Scintillation Response in Xenon and Implementation in GEANT4
Improving Scintillation Response in Xenon and Implementation in GEANT4 UC Davis and LLNL Faculty Mani Tripathi Bob Svoboda Postdocs and Research Scientists Matthew Szydagis Kareem Kazkaz Undergraduates
More informationIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, VOL. 55, NO. 4, AUGUST /$ IEEE
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, VOL. 55, NO. 4, AUGUST 2008 2425 Optical and Scintillation Properties of Inorganic Scintillators in High Energy Physics Rihua Mao, Member, IEEE, Liyuan Zhang, Member,
More informationChapter Seven (Nuclear Detectors)
Al-Mustansiriyah University College of Science Physics Department Fourth Grade Nuclear Physics Dr. Ali A. Ridha Chapter Seven (Nuclear Detectors) Ionizing radiation is rarely detected directly. Instead,
More informationScintillation Detectors
Radiation Measurement Systems Scintillation Detectors Ho Kyung Kim Pusan National University Scintillation detector = scintillator + light sensor Scintillators Inorganic alkali halide crystals Best light
More informationPrecision Crystal Calorimetry in High Energy Physics
Precision Crystal Calorimetry in High Energy Physics Ren Yuan Zhu California Institute of Technology August 13, 2008 Hard X Ray, Gamma Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics X, SPIE 2008, San Diego Why Crystal
More informationNuclear Physics and Astrophysics
Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics PHY-30 Dr. E. Rizvi Lecture 4 - Detectors Binding Energy Nuclear mass MN less than sum of nucleon masses Shows nucleus is a bound (lower energy) state for this configuration
More informationParticle Energy Loss in Matter
Particle Energy Loss in Matter Charged particles, except electrons, loose energy when passing through material via atomic excitation and ionization These are protons, pions, muons, The energy loss can
More informationThe 46g BGO bolometer
Nature, 3 The g BGO bolometer 1 Photograph of the heat [g BGO] and light [Ge; =5 mm] bolometers: see Fig. 1c for description Current events: Amplification gains: 8, (heat channel) &, (light channel). The
More informationanti-compton BGO detector
1 2 3 Q β - measurements with a total absorption detector composed of through-hole HPGe detector and anti-compton BGO detector 4 5 Hiroaki Hayashi a,1, Michihiro Shibata b, Osamu Suematsu a, Yasuaki Kojima
More informationRadiation Detectors. How do we detect ionizing radiation? What are these effects? Types of Ionizing Radiation Detectors
Radiation Detectors 1 How do we detect ionizing radiation? Indirectly, by its effects as it traverses matter? What are these effects? Ionization and excitation of the atoms and molecules Heat 2 Types of
More informationEfficiency. Calculations for Selected Scintillators. > Detector Counting. Efficiency. > Photopeak Efficiency of Various Scintillation Materials
Efficiency Calculations for Selected Scintillators > Detector Counting Efficiency > Photopeak Efficiency of Various Scintillation Materials > Transmission Efficiency of Window Materials > Gamma and X-ray
More informationGamma-ray spectroscopy with the scintillator/photomultiplierand with the high purity Ge detector: Compton scattering, photoeffect, and pair production
Experiment N2: Gamma-ray spectroscopy with the scintillator/photomultiplierand with the high purity Ge detector: Compton scattering, photoeffect, and pair production References: 1. Experiments in Nuclear
More informationDetection and measurement of gamma-radiation by gammaspectroscopy
Detection and measurement of gamma-radiation by gammaspectroscopy Gamma-radiation is electromagnetic radiation having speed equal to the light in vacuum. As reaching a matter it interact with the different
More informationComparative Study of Nonproportionality and Electronic Band Structures Features in Scintillator Materials
Comparative Study of Nonproportionality and Electronic Band Structures Features in Scintillator Materials Wahyu Setyawan, Romain M. Gaume, Robert S. Feigelson, and Stefano Curtarolo Abstract The origin
More informationThe Scintillation properties of Pr 3+ doped and Pr 3+, Ce 3+
JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol. 13, No. 2, February 2011, p. 111-116 The Scintillation properties of Pr 3+ doped and Pr 3+, Ce 3+ doubly doped LaBr 3 X. GAO *, Y. J. HE, Y. B. CHEN
More informationAbsolute activity measurement
Absolute activity measurement Gábor Veres, Sándor Lökös Eötvös University, Department of Atomic Physics January 12, 2016 Financed from the financial support ELTE won from the Higher Education Restructuring
More informationResponse Function of the BGO and NaI(Tl) Detectors Using Monte Carlo Simulations
Response Function of the BGO and NaI(Tl) Detectors Using Monte Carlo Simulations 271 I. ORION 1,2 1 AND L. WIELOPOLSKI 2, 1 St. Luke=s/Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025,USA 2
More informationGeant4 Monte Carlo code application in photon interaction parameter of composite materials and comparison with XCOM and experimental data
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 54, Februray 2016, pp. 137-143 Geant4 Monte Carlo code application in photon interaction parameter of composite materials and comparison with XCOM and experimental
More informationCHAPTER 6. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands Radiation detectors complexity and relevance
CHAPTER 6 C.W.E. VAN EIJK Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands 6.1. INTRODUCTION 6.1.1. Radiation detectors complexity and relevance Radiation detectors are of
More informationMeasurement of prompt fission γ-ray spectra in fast neutroninduced
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Physics Procedia 31 (2012 ) 13 20 GAMMA-1 Emission of Prompt Gamma-Rays in Fission and Related Topics Measurement of prompt fission γ-ray spectra in fast neutroninduced
More informationSCINTILLATION DETECTORS & GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION
SCINTILLATION DETECTORS & GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this experiment is to use an NaI(Tl) detector, photomultiplier tube and multichannel analyzer software system
More information4- Locate the channel number of the peak centroid with the software cursor and note the corresponding energy. Record these values.
EXPERIMENT 2.1 GAMMA ENERGY CALIBRATION 1- Turn the power supply on to 900 V. Turn the NIM crate on to power the amplifiers. Turn the Oscilloscope on to check the gamma pulses. The main amplifier should
More informationnational security, nonproliferation, defense, border security, and homeland security applications.
CLYC versus Stilbene: Optimization and comparison of two neutron-gamma discriminating scintillators Stephen Asztalos Wolfgang Hennig Abstract CLYC is a novel scintillator with excellent pulse shape discrimination
More informationRadiation Detection and Measurement
Radiation Detection and Measurement June 2008 Tom Lewellen Tkldog@u.washington.edu Types of radiation relevant to Nuclear Medicine Particle Symbol Mass (MeV/c 2 ) Charge Electron e-,! - 0.511-1 Positron
More informationCopyright 2008, University of Chicago, Department of Physics. Experiment VI. Gamma Ray Spectroscopy
Experiment VI Gamma Ray Spectroscopy 1. GAMMA RAY INTERACTIONS WITH MATTER In order for gammas to be detected, they must lose energy in the detector. Since gammas are electromagnetic radiation, we must
More informationSlides by: Prof. Abeer Alharbi
Slides by: Prof. Abeer Alharbi electromagnetic radiation of high energy. They are produced by sub-atomic particle interactions, such as electron-positron annihilation, neutral pion decay, radioactive decay,
More informationNew Photonis XP20D0 photomultiplier for fast timing in nuclear medicine
New Photonis XP20D0 photomultiplier for fast timing in nuclear medicine M. Moszyński, M. Gierlik, M. Kapusta, A. Nassalski, T. Szczęśniak, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, PL 05-400 Świerk-Otwock,
More informationDevelopment of a Dosimetric System using Spectrometric Technique suitable for Operational Radiation Dose Measurements and Evaluation
Development of a Dosimetric System using Spectrometric Technique suitable for Operational Radiation Dose Measurements and Evaluation S. Moriuchi, M.Tsutsumi2 and K. Saito2 Nuclear safety technology Center,
More informationRadiation Dose, Biology & Risk
ENGG 167 MEDICAL IMAGING Lecture 2: Sept. 27 Radiation Dosimetry & Risk References: The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, Bushberg et al, 2 nd ed. Radiation Detection and Measurement, Knoll, 2 nd Ed.
More informationKey words: avalanche photodiode, soft X-ray detector, scintillation γ-ray detector, imaging device PACS: 07.85;95.55.A;85.60.D
We have studied the performance of large area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) recently developed by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K, in high-resolution X-rays and γ- rays detections. We show that reach-through APD
More information3342 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, VOL. 43, NO. 6, DECEMBER 1996
3342 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, VOL. 43, NO. 6, DECEMBER 1996 Characterization of Fluor Concentration and Geometry in Organic Scintillators for in Situ Beta Imaging Martin P. Tornai, Edward
More informationFigure 1. Decay Scheme for 60Co
Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong PHYS3851 Atomic and Nuclear Physics PHYS3851- Laboratory Manual A. AIMS 1. To learn the coincidence technique to study the gamma decay of 60 Co by using
More informationChapter 5 Gamma-ray Spectrometry with Scintillators
Med Phys 4RA3, 4RB3/6R03 Radioisotopes and Radiation Methodology 5-1 Chapter 5 Gamma-ray Spectrometry with Scintillators The most important application of scintillation detectors is photon (X- and -rays)
More informationChapter 11: Neutrons detectors
Chapter 11: Neutrons detectors 1 Contents Principles of neutrons detection Slow neutron detection methods Fast neutron detection methods 2 Introduction Neutrons are uncharged particles cannot be directly
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 62 (29) 52 524 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nima
More informationDELAYED COINCIDENCE METHOD FOR PICOSECOND LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS
306 DELAYED COINCIDENCE METHOD FOR PICOSECOND LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS ZHANG WEIJIE China Institute of Atomic Energy E-mail: zhangreatest@163.com The advanced time delay (ATD) technique, based by delayed
More informationarxiv:physics/ v1 3 Aug 2006
Gamma Ray Spectroscopy with Scintillation Light in Liquid Xenon arxiv:physics/6834 v1 3 Aug 26 K. Ni, E. Aprile, K.L. Giboni, P. Majewski, M. Yamashita Physics Department and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory
More information1842 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, VOL. 52, NO. 5, OCTOBER M. Marisaldi, C. Labanti, H. Soltau, C. Fiorini, A. Longoni, and F.
1842 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, VOL. 52, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2005 X- and Gamma-Ray Detection With a Silicon Drift Detector Coupled to a CsI(Tl) Scintillator Operated With Pulse Shape Discrimination
More informationDesign and production of Scintillation Detectors
Design and production of Scintillation Detectors Components for nuclear radiation detectors Fields of application: * Medicine * Industry * Science * Security Scintillation Detectors : Instruments using
More informationA Prototype of LaBr3:Ce in situ Gamma-Ray Spectrometer for Marine Environmental Monitoring
A Prototype of LaBr3:Ce in situ Gamma-Ray Spectrometer for Marine Environmental Monitoring 1 Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education Department of Engineering
More informationINORGANIC crystal scintillators are widely used in high
29 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record N32-5 Gamma Ray Induced Radiation Damage in and LSO/LYSO Crystals Rihua Mao, Member, IEEE, Liyuan Zhang, Member, IEEE, and Ren-Yuan Zhu, Senior Member,
More informationDevelopment of a Hard X-Ray Polarimeter for Solar Flares and Gamma-Ray Bursts
Development of a Hard X-Ray Polarimeter for Solar Flares and Gamma-Ray Bursts M.L. McConnell, D.J. Forrest, J. Macri, M. McClish, M. Osgood, J.M. Ryan, W.T. Vestrand and C. Zanes Space Science Center University
More informationFundamentals of Radionuclide Metrology
Fundamentals of Radionuclide Metrology Brian E. Zimmerman, PhD Physical Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD USA SIM Metrology Workshop Buenos Aires, Argentina
More informationScintillating Crystals and their Applications in Particle and Nuclear Physics November 17-18, 2003
Scintillating Crystals and their Applications in Particle and Nuclear Physics November 17-18, 2003 Takayuki Yanagida, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Daisuke Kasama, Takeshi Ito, Hisako Niko, Motohide Kokubun, and
More informationProspects for achieving < 100 ps FWHM coincidence resolving time in time-of-flight PET
Prospects for achieving < 100 ps FWHM coincidence resolving time in time-of-flight PET, 28-Feb-2012, ICTR-PHE, Geneva, Switzerland 1 Time-of-flight PET Colon cancer, left upper quadrant peritoneal node
More information