Chemistry I Unit 3 Review Guide: Energy and Electrons

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Esmond Harris
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1 Cheitry I Unit 3 Review Guide: Energy and Electron Practice Quetion and Proble 1. Energy i the capacity to do work. With reference to thi definition, decribe how you would deontrate that each of the following ha potential energy. (There i no one correct anwer in thee cae. There are any way to deontrate that a yte ha potential energy.) a. A brick on the top of a tall building b. A tretched rubber band c. Alcohol olecule added to gaoline 2. A cup of noodle oup i itting on the counter cooling off. Explain, on the ubicrocopic level, how it i cooling off and explain where the heat energy in the oup goe to. 3. Conider the following for of radiant energy: icrowave, infrared, ultraviolet, X ray, viible light, radio wave, and gaa ray. (ee page 131 in your book) a. Lit the in order of increaing energy. b. Lit the in order of increaing wavelength. Frequency, Wavelength and Energy: Perfor the following calculation. Show all work and give the correct ignificant figure and unit for each anwer. 4. Calculate the frequency of a photon with a wavelength of.344 n. 5. Calculate the frequency of a photon with an energy of 3.44 x J. 6. Calculate the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 2,456 n. 7. A photon ha an energy of 5.46 x J. Calculate the wavelength of the photon in nanoeter. 8. Decribe the atheatical relationhip between the energy and the wavelength of electroagnetic radiation. Ue thi relationhip to tell which photon ha higher energy : a photon with a wavelength of 240 n and a photon with a wavelength of 4.50 x Explain your choice. 9. Lit and decribe all of the atoic odel that we have learned o far thi year. For each odel, tell which feature i till conidered to be correct. 10. What i eant by the tateent: The energy of electron i quantized. Decribe the experiental evidence that upport thi tateent. 11. Explain what caue ato to eit radiation when they are excited by electricity or a flae. Ue any illutration neceary for your explanation. Include the concept of ground tate and excited tate in your explanation. 12. Draw an orbital diagra for chlorine. In your orbital diagra, identify the following ter: principal energy level energy ublevel orbital electron pin Review Guide for Unit unit3_review_guide_2017.odt

2 13. Make an orbital diagra for nitrogen and how how you ued each of thee rule to deterine the correct orbital diagra for thi eleent. Aufbau Principle Pauli Excluion Principle Hund' Rule Write the abbreviated electron configuration for: 14. carbon 15. geraniu 16. nickel 17. calciu 18. anganee 19. proethiu 20. aericiu 21. gold 22. xenon 23. rutherfordiu For each of the above ato, tell how any electron are in the highet principle energy level. Identify the by their principal quantu nuber and ublevel. 24. Draw picture of an, p x and a d xy orbital. Explain what an orbital i and why it i iportant in deterining the electron configuration of an ato. 25. An ato ha a total of 5 electron in it 4p ublevel. Ue your periodic table to quickly identify the eleent. 26. What i wrong with the following electron configuration?: (aue that the ato are in the ground tate) 13 Al: [Mg] 3p 1 49 In: [Kr] 5 2 3d 10 5p 1 86 Rn: [Xe] 6 2 5d 10 6p Identify the unit that you will be left with when you perfor the following operation: a. b. (J ) 1 c. 1 d. n 28. Uing your orbital diagra in quetion 12 and 13, redraw the o that they how that they how that the ato of nitrogen and chlorine are in an excited tate. Explain why they are in an excited tate. What would you oberve acrocopically to deterine that they are in an excited tate. (hint: we did oe experient and deontration in thi unit that howed thi.) Review Guide for Unit unit3_review_guide_2017.odt

3 Anwer to Review Guide for Unit a. If the brick were to fall off of the building, it would be accelerated by gravity. In doing o, the potential energy would be converted to kinetic energy. b. If the rubber band would be releaed, the potential energy would be turned in to kinetic energy a it ove to an untretched poition. c. If the alcohol olecule were ignited with a atch, they would cobut, releaing large aount of heat energy. 2. The hot oup olecule have a greater aount of kinetic energy than the air olecule and the olecule of the cup that they are in contact with. When the oup olecule collide with the air olecule or the olecule of the cup, they tranfer oe of their kinetic energy to the air or cup olecule. The air and cup olecule now have greater kinetic energy and the oup ha le. Since teperature i a eaure of the average kinetic energy of the olecule, the air and the cup are now warer and the oup i colder. 3. lowet to highet energy: radio wave, icrowave, infrared, viible light, ultraviolet, x ray, gaa wave. Their ranking by wavelength would be the oppoite, ince wavelength i inverely proportional to energy x x x J n 8. E= hc, where E i energy, i wavelength of radiation in eter, c = 3.00 x 10 8 / and h = 6.63 x J. Since 240 n = 2.40 x 10-7, it i a horter wavelength than 4.50 x 10-7 and will have greater energy becaue wavelength varie inverely with energy, eaning greater wavelength equal lower energy. 9. See your note a a reference. Here are the feature that are till conidered to be correct: Dalton: Ato are the allet particle of an eleent that retain the propertie of that eleent. Thoon: All of the above feature +: Ato are ade of poitively and negatively charged particle. Rutherford: All of the above feature +: The poitive charge and alot all of the a of an ato reide in the nucleu of the ato. The negatively charged particle are located in the ret of the ato, which i ot of the volue of the ato. Bohr: All of the above feature +: Electron in an ato are located in quantized energy level. Modern Quantu Mechanical Model: All of the above feature +: The electron in an ato do not have a definite location, but intead the ato ha certain region where they are ot likely to be found called probability cloud. Electron are decribed by their energy tate rather than their phyical location. 10. The tateent: The energy of electron i quantized. ean that electron in an ato are at pecific energy level and are never found at energie in between thee energy level. When eleent uch a hydrogen are excited, radiation of pecific energie i eitted. The energy of thi radiation correpond to the energy difference between thoe energy level in the ato. When eleent uch a hydrogen are excited, only light of pecific energie i eitted, correponding to the above entioned energy difference. 11. When ato are excited, they aborb the energy which caue the electron to ove to a higher energy tate. We call thi the excited tate. When the electron go fro thi high energy tate back to their ground tate, the difference in energy between the excited and ground tate i eitted in the for of radiation of that energy difference. Review Guide for Unit unit3_review_guide_2017.odt

4 Aufbau Principle: All of the electron are in the lowet poible energy level. Pauli Excluion Principle: No 2 electron have identical energy level, ublevel, orbital and pin. Hund' Rule: The electron at the 2p ublevel do not pair up in the ae orbital, but intead pread out into the 3 orbital which are all of equivalent energy. 14. C: [He] 2 2 2p Ge: [Ar] 4 2 3d 10 4p Ni: [Ar] 4 2 3d Ca: [Ar] Mn: [Ar] 4 2 3d P: [Xe] 6 2 4f A: [Rn] 7 2 5f Au:[Xe]6 2 4f 14 5d Xe: [Kr] 5 2 4d 10 5p Rf: [Rn] 7 2 5f 14 6d electron in the n=2 energy level. 2 in the 2 ublevel and 2 in the 2p ublevel electron in the n=4 energy level. 2 in the 4 ublevel and 2 in the 4p ublevel electron in the n=4 energy level. 2 in the 4 ublevel. 17. ae a # ae a # electron in the n=6 energy level. 2 in the 6 ublevel electron in the n = 7 energy level. 2 in the 7 ublevel. 21. ae a # electron in the n = 5 energy level. 2 in the 5 ublevel and 6 in the 5p ublevel electron in the n=7 energy level. 2 in the 7 ublevel. 24. See p. 137 in your book, fig (Much better than what I could draw.) 25. Br 26. Al: Abbreviated electron configuration ut tart with the firt noble ga before the eleent that you are writing the configuration for. In: The 4d ublevel coe after the 5 ublevel. Rn: Miing the 4f ublevel. 27. a. 1 or 1 b. J c. d. n Review Guide for Unit unit3_review_guide_2017.odt

5 28. Cl: N: Poible configuration: Review Guide for Unit unit3_review_guide_2017.odt

AP CHEM WKST KEY: Atomic Structure Unit Review p. 1

AP CHEM WKST KEY: Atomic Structure Unit Review p. 1 AP CHEM WKST KEY: Atoic Structure Unit Review p. 1 1) a) ΔE = 2.178 x 10 18 J 1 2 nf 1 n 2i = 2.178 x 10 18 1 1 J 2 2 6 2 = 4.840 x 10 19 J b) E = λ hc λ = E hc = (6.626 x 10 34 J )(2.9979 x 10 4.840 x