Ch 9 Electrons in Atoms & the Periodic Table Study Sheet Acc. Chemistry SCANTRON. Name /99. 3) Light is a type of matter. 3)
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1 Ch 9 Electrons in Atoms & the Periodic Table Study Sheet Acc. Chemistry SCANTRON Name /99 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) When the elements are arranged in order of increasing number of protons, certain sets of properties recur periodically. 1) 2) The early scientists who developed the quantum-mechanical model were bewildered by the model and it altered our fundamental view of matter. 2) 3) Light is a type of matter. 3) 4) Light travels through space at a speed of m/s. 4) 5) A red shirt appears red to our eyes because the shirt absorbs the red wavelengths of visible light. 5) 6) A particle of light is called a packet. 6) 7) A photon of red light contains the same amount of energy as a photon of blue light. 7) 8) The shorter the wavelength of light, the more energy it has. 8) 9) Wavelength of visible light determines color. 9) 10) The most energetic photons are gamma rays. 10) 11) Visible light makes up the largest portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. 11) 12) X-rays damage biological molecules. 12) 13) Ultraviolet light produces suntans and sunburns. 13) 14) The heat you feel when you place your hand near a hot object is ultraviolet radiation. 14) 15) In order for a substance to be heated in a microwave, it must contain water. 15) 16) The great success of the Bohr model of the atom is that it predicted the emission spectrum lines of multi-electronic elements like helium. 16) 17) Bohr showed that the emission spectrum of hydrogen was continuous with no interruption across the entire visible wavelength range. 17) 18) Each element produces its own unique and distinctive emission spectrum. 18) 1
2 19) An emission spectrum results when light emitted by glowing gas is passed through a prism. 19) 20) When an atom absorbs energy, it often re-emits that energy as heat. 20) 21) The energy of an electron orbit is quantized. 21) 22) The energy of each Bohr orbit increases with increasing value of "n", but levels become more closely spaced as "n" increases. 22) 23) Electrons behave like particles and we can describe their exact paths. 23) 24) An orbital is a probability map showing exactly where an electron can be found in an atom. 24) 25) The higher the principal quantum number, the lower the orbital energy. 25) 26) The subshells of the orbital are represented by the possible letters: s, p, d, or f. 26) 27) A principal shell with a value of n=3 would contain s, p, d, and f orbitals. 27) 28) The ground state is when an electron in an atom is excited into the lowest possible vacant orbital. 28) 29) The correct electron configuration for fluorine is: 1s22s22p5. 29) 30) Transition metal elements always contain at least one "d" block electron. 30) 31) The Pauli exclusion principle states that orbitals may hold no more than two electrons of identical spins. 31) 32) The orbital diagram for fluorine shows 1 unpaired electron in a p orbital. 32) 33) The correct electron configuration for magnesium is: 1s22s22p63s3. 33) 34) The element manganese (symbol = Mn) has five valence electrons. 34) 35) Bromine has 17 valence electrons. 35) 36) Bromine has 28 core electrons. 36) 37) The elements will lose or gain electrons as needed to have an electron configuration that matches a noble gas. 37) 38) The ionization energy of lithium is higher than that of fluorine. 38) 39) The atomic size of lithium is larger than the atomic size of nitrogen. 39) 2
3 40) Based on relative location on the periodic table, a carbon atom is larger in atomic size than a phosphorous atom. 40) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 41) Which of the statements about light is FALSE? 41) A) A characteristic feature of light that determines its color is its wavelength. B) Light travels through space at a speed of m/s. C) A packet of light energy is called a photon. D) All of the above statements are true. 42) The distance between adjacent wave crests is called 42) A) nu. B) frequency. C) wavelength. D) trough. 43) The number of cycles of a wave that passes a stationary point in one second is called its 43) A) wavelength. B) trough. C) frequency. D) crest. 44) Which among the following statements is TRUE? 44) A) As the energy increases, the frequency of radiation decreases. B) Red light has a shorter wavelength than violet light. C) As the wavelength increases, the frequency also increases. D) The wavelength of light is inversely related to its energy. 45) Which color of the visible spectrum has the shortest wavelength (400 nm)? 45) A) violet B) red C) yellow D) orange E) green 46) Which color of the visible spectrum has the longest wavelength (750 nm)? 46) A) orange B) violet C) red D) yellow E) green 47) Which color of the visible spectrum has photons with the most energy? 47) A) red B) yellow C) green D) violet E) orange 48) How are wavelength and frequency of light related? 48) A) Wavelength is double the frequency. B) Wavelength increases as frequency increases. C) Wavelength increases as the frequency decreases. D) Wavelength is independent of frequency. 49) What is the correct order of the electromagnetic spectrum from shortest wavelength to longest? A) Gamma Rays X-rays Infrared Radiation Visible Light Ultraviolet Radiation Microwaves Radio Waves B) Visible Light Infrared Radiation Microwaves Radio Waves Gamma Rays X-rays Ultraviolet Radiation C) Gamma Rays X-rays Visible Light Ultraviolet Radiation Infrared Radiation Microwaves Radio Waves D) Gamma Rays X-rays Ultraviolet Radiation Visible Light Infrared Radiation Microwaves Radio Waves 49) 3
4 50) Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength? 50) A) Microwaves B) Radio Waves C) Infrared Radiation D) Gamma Rays 51) Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength? 51) A) X-rays B) Microwaves C) Radio Waves D) Gamma Rays 52) Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the highest frequency? 52) A) Gamma Rays B) Radio Waves C) X-rays D) Microwaves 53) Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest frequency? 53) A) X-rays B) Gamma Rays C) Microwaves D) Radio Waves 54) Which form of electromagnetic radiation has photons with the highest energy? 54) A) Radio Waves B) Gamma Rays C) Microwaves D) X-rays 55) Which form of electromagnetic radiation has photons with the lowest energy? 55) A) Radio Waves B) Microwaves C) Gamma Rays D) X-rays 56) What happens to an atom when it absorbs energy? 56) A) The extra energy increases the speed of the electrons in their orbitals. B) The atom re-emits the energy as heat. C) The atom re-emits the energy as light. D) The atom stores the energy for later use. 57) When sunlight is passed through a prism, what is observed? 57) A) continuous spectrum B) white light C) nothing D) bright spots and lines 58) When neon light is passed through a prism, what is observed? 58) A) nothing B) white light C) continuous spectrum D) bright spots or lines 59) Which statement below does NOT follow the Bohr Model? 59) A) Electrons exist in specific, quantized orbits. B) When energy is absorbed by atoms, the electrons are promoted to higher-energy orbits. C) When an atom emits light, electrons fall from a higher orbit into a lower orbit. D) The energy emitted from a relaxing electron can have any wavelength. 60) Which of the following statements about the quantum-mechanical model is FALSE? 60) A) Orbitals are specific paths electrons follow. B) Orbitals are a probability map of finding electrons. C) Electrons do not behave as particles. D) Electron paths cannot be described exactly. 4
5 61) The principal quantum number (n): 61) A) specifies the principal shell of the orbital. B) specifies the 3-D shape of the orbital. C) specifies the subshell of the orbital. D) specifies the maximum number of electrons. 62) The subshell letter: 62) A) specifies the principal shell of the orbital. B) specifies the principal quantum number of the orbital. C) specifies the 3-D shape of the orbital. D) specifies the maximum number of electrons. 63) How many subshells are there in the n = 4 principal shell? 63) A) 3 B) 2 C) 1 D) 4 64) How many subshells are there in the n = 2 principal shell? 64) A) 2 B) 4 C) 1 D) 3 65) The n = principal shell is the lowest that may contain a d-subshell. 65) A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 3 66) Which subshell letter corresponds to a spherical orbital? 66) A) d B) p C) f D) s 67) Which one of the following is the correct orbital diagram for nitrogen? 67) A) B) C) D) 68) Which subshell letter corresponds to a 4-leaf clover orbital pattern? 68) A) f B) p C) s D) d 69) Which statement is NOT true about "p" orbitals? 69) A) A subshell contains three "p" orbitals. B) A 3p orbital has a higher energy than a 2p orbital. C) These orbitals are shaped like dumbbells. D) All three of these statements are true. 70) The "d" subshell can hold a maximum of electrons. 70) A) 5 B) 2 C) 6 D) 10 71) How many electrons can exist in an orbital? 71) A) 1 B) 4 C) 2 D) 3 72) The lowest energy orbital in the quantum-mechanical model is the 72) A) 1p orbital. B) 1s orbital. C) zero orbital. D) 1a orbital. 73) Which orbital would the electron of a ground state hydrogen atom occupy? 73) A) 1s B) 0s C) 1p D) 2p 5
6 74) How many electrons are unpaired in the orbitals of carbon? 74) A) 6 B) 12 C) 4 D) 2 75) How many electrons are unpaired in the orbitals of nitrogen? 75) A) 3 B) 14 C) 5 D) 9 76) "When filling orbitals of equal energy, electrons fill them singly first with parallel spins." This is known as: A) Ground state. B) Pauli exclusion principle. C) Hund's rule. D) Bohr's model. 76) 77) An accepted abbreviation format is to write an electron configuration that includes a noble gas symbol in brackets. If you were writing an electron configuration for a bromine atom, which elemental symbol would you place in the bracket? A) He B) Ne C) Ar D) Xe E) Kr 77) 78) Which element is represented by the electron configuration 1s22s22p2? 78) A) O B) C C) He D) Be 79) What is the electron configuration for Kr? 79) A) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d24p6 B) 1s22s22p63s23p24s23d104p6 C) 1s22s22p63s23p43d104s24p6 D) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6 80) What is the electron configuration for Ga? 80) A) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6 B) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p1 C) 1s22s22p63s23p64s24d104p1 D) 1s22s22p63s23p53d104s24p1 81) What is the electron configuration for P? 81) A) [Ar]3s23p64s23d104p3 B) [Ne]3s23p3 C) [Ne]1s21p62s22p3 D) [Ar]3s23p3 82) How many core electrons are in a chlorine atom? 82) A) 10 B) 1 C) 7 D) 17 83) How many valence electrons are in a chlorine atom? 83) A) 7 B) 17 C) 10 D) 1 84) The element with a completely filled p-subshell is 84) A) Ar. B) Na. C) Al. D) P. 85) What is the element in which at least one electron is in the d-orbital? 85) A) Sc B) Ca C) K D) Ar 6
7 86) What do the alkali metals all have in common? 86) A) They all have the same number of valence electrons. B) They all undergo similar reactions. C) They all form +1 ions. D) all of the above 87) Which of the following elements has the electron configuration of 3s23p4 in its outermost shell? A) Si B) S C) Cl D) Al 87) 88) Chlorine and bromine have very similar chemical properties. This is best explained by the fact that both elements A) have the same number of valence electrons. B) are gases. C) have equal number of protons and electrons. D) are in period 3 of the Periodic Table. 88) 89) Consider the electron configuration of the ion to determine which ion shown below has an incorrect ionic charge? A) Al3- B) Rb+ C) Ba2+ D) Se2-89) 90) Which one of the following species has the electron configuration of 1s22s22p6? 1. Na+ 2. O2-3. F- A) 2 and 3 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 1 and 2 only D) All of 1, 2, and 3 90) 91) If the electron configuration of a ground state potassium atom is 1s22s22p63s1, the electron configuration of the potassium cation (K+) would be: A) 1s12s22p63s1 B) 1s22s22p6 C) 1s22s22p63s2 D) 1s22s22p63s1 91) 92) Choose the answer that best completes the following statement: When an aluminum atom reacts so as to attain a noble gas electron configuration, A) the result is a configuration of 1s22s22p6. B) the noble gas configuration of argon is achieved. C) a 3- ion forms. D) the atom gains five electrons. 92) 93) The size of an atom generally increases 93) A) down a group and from right to left across a period. B) down a group and from left to right across a period. C) up a group and from left to right across a period. D) up a group and diagonally across the Periodic Table. 94) Which of the following elements has the lowest ionization energy? 94) A) Na B) He C) F D) Rb 7
8 95) Which of the following elements has the highest ionization energy? 95) A) Cl B) Ba C) Al D) Ne 96) Which of the following atoms is the largest? 96) A) K B) Na C) Li D) Cs 97) Which of the following atoms is the smallest? 97) A) Ne B) O C) Li D) B 98) Which of the following atoms has the least metallic character? 98) A) Li B) Na C) Rb D) K 99) Which of the following atoms has the greatest metallic character? 99) A) Ti B) Au C) Cs D) Cu 8
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