SCICEX Phase 2 Accommodation Cruises. Provided by T. Boyd
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1 SCICEX Phase 2 Accommodation Cruises Provided by T. Boyd
2 OBJECTIVES Re-invigorate the SCICEX Science Advisory Committee Maximize the contribution of SCICEX in understanding di the Arctic Ocean processes and their role in the Earth s climate system
3 AGENDA Setting the Stage SAC: Role & responsibilities History of SCICEX: Scientific contributions ti SCICEX Today: Current assets and capabilities SCICEX Drivers: Contributing perspectives Discussion of intersecting points between current assets and capabilities, agency-level drivers and scientific needs Getting Down to Business Defining key activities Guidance for SCICEX cruises of opportunity Communicating with science community Others Moving ahead: Priority tasks & timeline Assignments
4 Goals SCICEX Phase 2 MOA: Signed April 2000 Dual use of submarines Support objectives of civilian and military communities Data collected under agreement made publicly available as soon as possible
5 SCICEX Phase 2 MOA Science Accommodation Missions i Data collection during classified missions High priority environmental data Concentration on baseline data collection Continued monitoring Oceanographic conditions Ice distribution Contaminant concentrations Individual id proposals for experiments or equipment installation may be entertained Scientific riders not anticipated Data made widely available
6 Roles & Responsibilities MOA: SCICEX Phase 2 Functioning Bodies US Submarine Force Obtain data specified in science plan Arctic Submarine Lab (ASL): Submarine Force Arctic Advisor Coordinate operational and technical aspects of each cruise
7 Roles & Responsibilities MOA: SCICEX Phase 2 Functioning Bodies Operational Planning Board (OPB): ASL (Chair), COMSUBATLAT, COMSUBPAC, CNO Interagency Committee (IAC): ONR (Chair), NSF, ASL, CNO, USARC Science Advisory Committee (SAC): IAC Designated Chair, ONR, NSF, ASL 6 non-permanent members from scientific community, 3 each selected by NSF and ONR
8 Roles & Responsibilities MOA: SCICEX Phase 2 Operational Planning Board Coordinate oversight of SCICEX program Review proposed research Verify feasibility Limit extent due to operational or safety concerns Approve Science Plan
9 Roles & Responsibilities MOA: SCICEX Phase 2 Interagency Committee: Orchestra definition iti of Science Plan Baseline & one-time data collection Establish broad scientific priorities Define baseline data Request proposals, when appropriate Fund research
10 Roles & Responsibilities MOA: SCICEX Phase 2 Science Advisory Committee Advise Interagency Committee Periodically review baseline data collection plan Recommend modifications Evaluate proposals, when necessary
11 BASELINE DATA MOA: SCICEX Phase 2 General Expectations Use of standard equipment and systems CTD profiles taken with expendable probes CTD from hull-mounted systems Bathymetry by installed fathometers Ice profile data from upward-looking sonar Salinities from water samples Supporting non-classified navigational and operational data Alld data stored din national ldata repository, designated by ONR (currently NSIDC)
12 SCICEX Phase 2 Recent SAC Guidance January 2002 Priorities iti for Opportunity Cruises First: Continue transpolar track over the North Pole Second: Track along margin of the SCICEX Box as close as possible to the Canadian EEZ Marked one time change in priorities Evaluate hypothesis that t Arctic sea ice is not thinning but, instead, is accumulating on the Canadian margin Third: Track along the Eurasian margin of the box
13 SCICEX Phase 2 Recent SAC Guidance March 2005 Priorities for Opportunity Cruises Central Arctic transect remains top priority Not likely to work on Canadian side of central transect Second priority not likely to be achieved Consider interest in ice thickness surveys, so-called rosette survey Guidance on oceanographic surveys
14 SCICEX Phase 2 Recent SAC Guidance Spring/Summer 2005 Guidance on oceanographic surveys Recommendation on SeaBird instrument model number for probe (Smethie) Recommendation on fluorescence sensor (Whitledge) Recommendation on smallest ADCP for useful data considering speed and depth of transit (Muench) Details on the installation of nitrate sensor (Whitledge) Recommendation on optimum water sampling rate (Muench) Establish analytical facility agreement for routine analysis of water samples (Conlon) Developed sample request form for special sampling (Smethie/Brass)
15 SCICEX Phase 2 Recent SAC Guidance Spring/Summer 2005 Ice thickness surveys (Richter-Menge) Primary, cross basin transect remains highest priority it Need to reconsider specific location Rosette survey most useful if repeated on same piece of ice (complex requirement) Interest in transect line running perpendicular to and across primary line New priority #2? Question remains on the ideal depth Trade off in accuracy vs. coverage
16
17 History of SCICEX Provided by T. Boyd
18 History of SCICEX Provided d by M. Wensnahan Nuclear subs transit Arctic Ocean and collect environmental data
19 PURPOSE OF SCICEX Designed to simultaneously sample and map the ice canopy, physical, chemical and biological water properties, seafloor and seabed subsurface Edwards and Coakley (2003)
20 History of SCICEX 1993: Proof of concept cruise 1994: MOA signed for dedicated cruises 6 dedicated cruises: : US Navy announces end of dedicated cruises Reduction in submarine force 2000: MOA signed for accommodation cruises 4 accommodation cruises: 2000, 01, 03, 05 All usable data has been released
21 Dedicated Cruises All: Data Collection Topsounding XCTD Single-beam bottom sounding Water sampling Hull-mounted CTD Most: ADCP Two or three: Zero Angle Photon Spectrometer (ZAPS), measured dissolved organics Last 2: SCAMP
22 Data Collection Accommodation Cruises All Topsounding Single-beam bottom sounding Hull-mounted CTD All but last: XCTDs Last 2: Some limited water sampling
23 History of SCICEX Cruise Tracks ( )
24 SCICEX TRANSECTS
25 Highlights ht History of SCICEX Scientific Contributions Signs of recent volcanic eruptions Evidence for ~ kilometer-thick thi k ice shelf covering much of Arctic Ocean during Pleistocene glacial maximum Pronounced changes in Arctic Ocean hydrography during 1990s Detailed description i of physical and chemical properties within an eddy system Distribution and trends in ice thickness 54 publications listed in Edwards and Coakley (2003)
26 Arctic Geology Evidence of glacial erosion and iceberg Scouring on Chukchi Borderland M. Edwards Active volcano on Gakkel Ridge M. Edwards
27 Arctic Oceanography Chlorophyll concentrations TWhild T. Whitledge Transport across shelf occurs in confined plumes, apparently related to canyons or other depressions in the shelf topography
28 Arctic Oceanography Upper Ocean Circulation SCICEX-99 Cruise 1511 XCTDs launched 91% success rate 22,750 km of cruise track Typical speed 14 kts Duration 42 days T. Boyd
29 Arctic Ocean Temperature Across-Basin Transects Initial warming over Arctic MOR Warming over Lomonosov R. Warming over the Alpha R. and North Wind R. Continued warming at AMOR Continued warming in the CB, MB, and AB Cooling over the AMOR Rid i t i f b i Ridges vs. interior of basins (circulation vs. mixing)
30 Arctic Ocean Salinity Across-Basin Transects Large-scale Atlantic/Pacific salinity difference Reduction of fresh water in the Amundsen B. Increase of FW in the nearsurface of the CB Increase of FW in the Makarov and Amundsen B.
31 Arctic Oceanography Arctic Cold Halocline Variability in strength of the CHL Profiles from a single location in the Amundsen Basin S at 80m is a measure of stratification High S at 80m = weak g stratification (S at 200 m is constant)
32 SEA ICE DRAFT Changes: 1950s-1970s 1970s to 1990s Rothrock et al., 1999 Evidence that Arctic sea ice cover is thinning
33 SEA ICE DRAFT Interannual Variation 113m 1.13 Multiple regression of all data at NSIDC Wensnahan
34 SEA ICE DRAFT Spatial Distribution Wensnahan
35 SUMMARY Unique program Key insights on characteristics of Arctic Ocean Seafloor Ocean Ice cover Region remains of high h interest t Bellwether of climate change Possible increase in operational activities Strong motivation to maximize utilization of SCICEX agreement Provided by T. Boyd
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