ELLIPSOMETRY AND POLARIZED LIGHT
|
|
- Cornelius Conley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ELLIPSOMETRY AND POLARIZED LIGHT R.M.A.AZZAM Department of Electrical Engineering University of New Orleans Lakefront, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA and N.M. В ASH AR A Electrical Materials Laboratory, Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA Nil jjffl m ELSEVIER AMSTERDAM LAUSANNE NEW YORK OXFORD SHANNON TOKYO
2 Contents PREFACE то THE PAPERBACK EDITION PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONTENTS v vi viii xi CHAPTER l. THE POLARIZATION OF LIGHT WAVES The concept of polarization Polychromatic and monochromatic waves of light Polarization of monochromatic waves of arbitrary spatial structure Elliptical polarization Linear and circular polarizations The phasor (complex) representation of time-harmonic fields Uniform ТЕ plane waves of light The Jones vector of a uniform ТЕ plane wave Wave intensity Jones vectors of some states of polarization Orthogonal and orthonormal pairs of Jones vectors Transformation of the Jones vector under the effect of a coordinate rotation Basis Jones vectors and basis states of polarization Cartesian basis vectors Circular basis vectors Arbitrary basis vectors The Cartesian and circular Jones vectors of a given elliptical polarization state Representation of the polarization states of light by complex numbers The Cartesian complex-plane representation of polarized light Orthogonal states Equi-azimuth and equi-ellipticity contours 33
3 Xll CONTENTS The circular complex-plane representation of polarized light The generalized complex-plane representation of polarized light The Poincare-sphere representation of polarized light The polarization of quasi-monochromatic waves The Jones vector of a quasi-monochromatic wave The Stokes parameters and the Stokes vector The coherency-matrix representation 60 CHAPTER 2. PROPAGATION OF POLARIZED LIGHT THROUGH POLARIZING OPTICAL SYSTEMS Polarizing optical systems The Jones-matrix formulation The significance of the elements Гц of the Jones matrix Cascade of optical systems Jones matrices of basic optical devices Transmission-type devices Reflection-type devices Transformation of the Cartesian Jones matrix under the effect of a coordinate rotation Circular and generalized Jones matrices Separability of information on the ellipse of polarization in the Jonesmatrix formulation-the polarization transfer function Transformation of the ellipse of polarization by an optical system in the complex-plane representation Transformation of polarization by an optical system in the Poincaresphere representation Separability of information on amplitude and phase in the Jones-matrix formulation-the amplitude and phase transfer functions The eigenvalue problem-general classification of optical devices Elliptic retarders Elliptic partial polarizers Elliptic ideal polarizers Otherdevices Polarization-dependent intensity transmittance of optical systems Loci of polarization states of equal attenuation or amplification Simplified expressions for the intensity transmittance Generalization of the Law of Malus Special cases of optical systems Ill 2.8. Resolution of an arbitrary polarization state into two given orthogonal states in the complex-plane representation Nearness of two polarization states in the complex-plane representation 113
4 CONTENTS XÜi Resolution of an arbitrary polarization state into two given orthogonal states in the Poincare-sphere representation Polarization-dependent phase shift introduced by an optical system Propagation of polarized light in anisotropic media Evolution of the ellipse of polarization The case of homogeneous anisotropic media The case of inhomogeneous anisotropic media Evolution of the complex amplitude Propagation of partially polarized quasi-monochromatic light through non-depolarizing optical systems-the coherency-matrix formulation Intensity transmittance of a linear non-depolarizing optical system for partially polarized incident light Propagation of partially polarized quasi-monochromatic light through depolarizing optical systems-the Mueller-matrix formulation CHAPTER 3. THEORY AND ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENTS IN ELLIPSOMETER SYSTEMS Introduction Ellipsometric measurement of the Jones matrix of an optical system-the basis of generalized ellipsometry Ellipsometry on optical systems with known eigenpolarizations Ellipsometric measurement of the ratio of eigenvalues of an optical system with orthogonal linear eigenpolarizations Null ellipsometry The fixed-compensator-azimuth nulling scheme with C = ±W, * SC = -\TT and Tc = Alternate ellipsometer arrangement with the compensator placed after the optical system The ratio of eigenvalues ps in reflection and transmission ellipsometry Unified treatment of the PCSA and PSCA ellipsometer arrangements-example of the application of the bilinear polarization transfer function Ellipsometric measurement of the ratio of eigenvalues of an optical system with orthogonal circular eigenpolarizations Ellipsometric measurement of the ratio of eigenvalues of an optical system with elliptic eigenpolarizations Effect of azimuth-angle errors and component imperfections on the ellipsometric measurement of ps The imperfection plate of a non-ideal optical component Transposition of two optical components The PCWSW'A ellipsometer arrangement 192
5 XIV CONTENTS Azimuth-angle errors Component imperfections Errors in the ellipsometric angles фand Л Two-zone averages Four-zone averages Choice of compensator azimuth and position EUipsometry with imperfect components including incoherent effects Application to the PCWSW'A ellipsometer arrangement Polarizer and analyzer imperfections Compensator imperfection Entrance-window, system, and exit-window imperfections Zone averaging Component depolarization Discussion Generalized ellipsometry The polarizer-compensator combination as a controlled polarizationfilter Nulling schemes and conditions of compensation The fixed-analyzer nulling scheme The fixed-compensator nulling scheme The fixed-polarizer nulling scheme Multiple-null measurements Alternate PSCA ellipsometer arrangement Other ellipsometer arrangements Null ellipsometers that do not employ compensators An ellipsometer based on the detection of the azimuth of the polarization ellipse only, with no measurement of ellipticity Self-compensated ellipsometers based on the angle-ofincidence tunability of the reflection phase difference Л Photometric ellipsometers Static photometric ellipsometers Dynamic photometric ellipsometers Interferometric Ellipsometers (IE) Modulated ellipsometry PSA arrangement PCSA arrangement 267 CHAPTER 4. REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF POLARIZED LIGHT BY STRATIFIED PLANAR STRUCTURES Introduction 269
6 CONTENTS XV 4.2. Reflection and refraction at the planar interface between two isotropic media Reflection and transmission by an ambient-film-substrate system The equations of reflection and transmission ellipsometry for ambientfilm-substrate systems Reflection ellipsometry Constant-Angle-of-Incidence Contours (CAIC) of the ellipsometric function рц>,а) Constant-Thickness Contours (CTC) of the ellipsometric function р(ф, d) Cartesian curves Transmission ellipsometry Linear approximation of the equations of reflection and transmission ellipsometry for ambient-film-substrate systems Reflection Transmission ф and Л sensitivity factors Validity of the linear approximations Numerical inversion of the exact equation of reflection ellipsometry Cases that allow analytical inversion General formulation of the numerical-inversion problem and choice of error function Multiple-Angle-of-Incidence (MAI) ellipsometry Independence (or interdependence) of the MAI system of equations: The parameter correlation test The Hessian matrix and rate of convergence The air-si0 2 -Si system - An example Reflection and transmission by isotropic stratified planar structures Reflection and transmission by anisotropic stratified planar structures Reflection and transmission by a finite anisotropic layer between semi-infinite isotropic ambient and substrate media Reflection and transmission by a semi-infinite anisotropic substrate in an isotropic ambient Explicit expressions for the reflection matrix in simple special cases Isotropic ambient and uniaxially anisotropic substrate Isotropic ambient and biaxially anisotropic substrate Uniaxially anisotropic film on an isotropic substrate in an isotropic ambient Biaxially anisotropic film on an isotropic substrate in an isotropic ambient Uniaxial film on a uniaxial substrate in an isotropic ambient Ellipsometry on surfaces covered with discontinuous films and on surfaces with rough boundaries 359
7 XVJ CONTENTS CHAPTER 5. INSTRUMENTATION AND TECHNIQUES OF ELLIPSOMETRY Introduction The basic instrument-the null ellipsometer The optical devices Linear polarizers Retarders Other polarizing optical devices Optical components of an ellipsometer that perform no polarizing function Light sources and detectors Operation of the null ellipsometer Alignment of the telescopes Calibration of the ellipsometer divided circles Nulling schemes Sources of error and their correction Azimuth-angle errors, component and cell-window imperfections Measurement of ellipsometer imperfection parameters Beam deviation errors Effect of auto-collimated parasitic beams from multiple reflections Errors that arise from certain assumptions concerning the ellipsometer light beam Bandwidth Source polarization and component depolarization Collimation and non-uniform polarization Polarization-dependent photodetector sensitivity Residual mechanical imperfections Othererrors Model errors Precision of null ellipsometers Automation of null ellipsometers Motor-driven self-nulled ellipsometers Electro-optic self-nulled ellipsometers Automatic photometric ellipsometers The rotating-analyzer ellipsometer The polarization-modulated ellipsometer 415 CHAPTER 6. APPLICATIONS OF ELLIPSOMETRY Introduction Optical properties of materials and spectroscopic ellipsometry Optical properties of materials in bulk phase Optical properties of materials in thin-film phase 428
8 CONTENTS XVÜ 6.3. Physical and chemical adsorption Oxidation of semiconductor and metal surf aces Electrochemistry Applications of ellipsometry in biology and medicine Interaction of blood with foreign surfaces-blood coagulation Antigen-antibody immunological reactions in thin films The immunoelectroadsorption test Measurement of cell-surface (coat) materials Other applications of ellipsometry 473 APPENDIX 487 REFERENCES 493 LISTINGS OF THE CONTENTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ELLIPSOMETRY CONFERENCES 501 AUTHOR INDEX 517 SUBJECT INDEX 522
Polarized Light. Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. Dennis Goldstein Air Force Research Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, U.S.A.
Polarized Light Second Edition, Revised and Expanded Dennis Goldstein Air Force Research Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, U.S.A. ш DEK KER MARCEL DEKKER, INC. NEW YORK BASEL Contents Preface to
More informationFUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT
FUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT A STATISTICAL OPTICS APPROACH Christian Brosseau University of Brest, France A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York - Chichester. Weinheim. Brisbane
More informationPMARIZED LI6HT FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS EBWABD COLLETT. Measurement Concepts, Inc. Colts Neck, New Jersey
PMARIZED LI6HT FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS EBWABD COLLETT Measurement Concepts, Inc. Colts Neck, New Jersey Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York Basel Hong Kong About the Series Preface A Historical Note iii
More information3.4 Elliptical Parameters of the Polarization Ellipse References
Contents Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition A Historical Note Edward Collett iii v xiii PART 1: THE CLASSICAL OPTICAL FIELD Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Introduction
More informationOptics of Liquid Crystal Displays
Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays Second Edition POCHIYEH CLAIRE GU WILEY A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Contents Preface Preface to the First Edition xiii xv Chapter 1. Preliminaries 1 1.1. Basic
More informationContents. 1 Basic Equations 1. Acknowledgment. 1.1 The Maxwell Equations Constitutive Relations 11
Preface Foreword Acknowledgment xvi xviii xix 1 Basic Equations 1 1.1 The Maxwell Equations 1 1.1.1 Boundary Conditions at Interfaces 4 1.1.2 Energy Conservation and Poynting s Theorem 9 1.2 Constitutive
More informationEllipsometry. Introduction. Measurement Principles
Ellipsometry Introduction Ellipsometry is the measurement of the effect of reflection on the state of polarization of light. The result of an ellipsometric measurement can be the complex refractive index
More informationLecture 5: Polarization. Polarized Light in the Universe. Descriptions of Polarized Light. Polarizers. Retarders. Outline
Lecture 5: Polarization Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Descriptions of Polarized Light 3 Polarizers 4 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl ATI 2016,
More informationElectromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics
Keqian Zhang Dejie Li Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics Translated by authors With 259 Figures Springer Contents 1 Basic Electromagnetic Theory 1 1.1 Maxwell's Equations 1 1.1.1
More informationBrewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Lecture 4: Polarization Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Brewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection 3 Descriptions of Polarized Light 4 Polarizers 5 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht
More informationChap. 5. Jones Calculus and Its Application to Birefringent Optical Systems
Chap. 5. Jones Calculus and Its Application to Birefringent Optical Systems - The overall optical transmission through many optical components such as polarizers, EO modulators, filters, retardation plates.
More informationPolarization properties of corner-cube retroreflectors: Theory and experiment
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications Department of Electrical Engineering 3--997 Polarization properties of corner-cube retroreflectors: Theory and experiment
More informationWAVE PROPAGATION AND SCATTERING IN RANDOM MEDIA
WAVE PROPAGATION AND SCATTERING IN RANDOM MEDIA AKIRA ISHIMARU UNIVERSITY of WASHINGTON IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society, Sponsor IEEE PRESS The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
More informationBrewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Lecture 5: Polarization Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Brewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection 3 Descriptions of Polarized Light 4 Polarizers 5 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University,
More informationLasers and Electro-optics
Lasers and Electro-optics Second Edition CHRISTOPHER C. DAVIS University of Maryland III ^0 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface to the Second Edition page xv 1 Electromagnetic waves, light, and lasers 1
More informationIntroduction to Polarization
Phone: Ext 659, E-mail: hcchui@mail.ncku.edu.tw Fall/007 Introduction to Polarization Text Book: A Yariv and P Yeh, Photonics, Oxford (007) 1.6 Polarization States and Representations (Stokes Parameters
More informationPRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS C. A. Bennett University of North Carolina At Asheville WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Preface 1 The Physics of Waves 1 1.1 Introduction
More informationOptics, Optoelectronics and Photonics
Optics, Optoelectronics and Photonics Engineering Principles and Applications Alan Billings Emeritus Professor, University of Western Australia New York London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore v Contents
More informationVASE. J.A. Woollam Co., Inc. Ellipsometry Solutions
VASE J.A. Woollam Co., Inc. Ellipsometry Solutions Accurate Capabilities The VASE is our most accurate and versatile ellipsometer for research on all types of materials: semiconductors, dielectrics, polymers,
More informationChap. 2. Polarization of Optical Waves
Chap. 2. Polarization of Optical Waves 2.1 Polarization States - Direction of the Electric Field Vector : r E = E xˆ + E yˆ E x x y ( ω t kz + ϕ ), E = E ( ωt kz + ϕ ) = E cos 0 x cos x y 0 y - Role :
More informationLearn how reflection at interfaces with different indices of refraction works and how interfaces can change the polarization states of light.
Slide 1 Goals of the Lab: Learn how reflection at interfaces with different indices of refraction works and how interfaces can change the polarization states of light. Learn how to measure the influence
More informationElectromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics
Keqian Zhang Dejie Li Electromagnetic Theory for Microwaves and Optoelectronics Second Edition With 280 Figures and 13 Tables 4u Springer Basic Electromagnetic Theory 1 1.1 Maxwell's Equations 1 1.1.1
More informationPOLARIZATION OF LIGHT
POLARIZATION OF LIGHT OVERALL GOALS The Polarization of Light lab strongly emphasizes connecting mathematical formalism with measurable results. It is not your job to understand every aspect of the theory,
More informationOrthogonalization Properties of Linear Deterministic Polarization Elements
Orthogonalization Properties of Linear Deterministic Polarization Elements Sergey N. Savenkov and Yaroslav V. Aulin* Quantum adiophysics Department, adiophysics Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University
More informationPolarimetry in the E-ELT era. Polarized Light in the Universe. Descriptions of Polarized Light. Polarizers. Retarders. Fundamentals of Polarized Light
Polarimetry in the E-ELT era Fundamentals of Polarized Light 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Descriptions of Polarized Light 3 Polarizers 4 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University, keller@strw.leidenuniv.nl
More informationLiquid Crystals IAM-CHOON 1(1100 .,4 WILEY 2007 WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION. 'i; Second Edition. n z
Liquid Crystals Second Edition IAM-CHOON 1(1100.,4 z 'i; BICENTCNNIAL 1 8 0 7 WILEY 2007 DICENTENNIAL n z z r WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Contents Preface xiii Chapter 1.
More informationTypical anisotropies introduced by geometry (not everything is spherically symmetric) temperature gradients magnetic fields electrical fields
Lecture 6: Polarimetry 1 Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Fundamentals of Polarized Light 3 Descriptions of Polarized Light Polarized Light in the Universe Polarization indicates anisotropy
More informationDIFFRACTION PHYSICS THIRD REVISED EDITION JOHN M. COWLEY. Regents' Professor enzeritus Arizona State University
DIFFRACTION PHYSICS THIRD REVISED EDITION JOHN M. COWLEY Regents' Professor enzeritus Arizona State University 1995 ELSEVIER Amsterdam Lausanne New York Oxford Shannon Tokyo CONTENTS Preface to the first
More informationELLIPSOMETRIC ARRANGEMENT FOR THIN FILMS CONTROL
THE PUBLISHING HOUSE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROMANIAN ACADEMY, Series A, OF THE ROMANIAN ACADEMY Volume 9, Number /008, pp. 000-000 ELLIPSOMETRIC ARRANGEMENT FOR THIN FILMS CONTROL A. BELDICEANU, A. RIZEA S.C.
More informationCoherent Superposition of Mueller-Jones States: Synthesizing Mueller Matrices with an Ellipsometer
Coherent Superposition of Mueller-Jones States: Synthesizing Mueller Matrices with an Ellipsometer Ertan Kuntman, Mehmet A. Kuntman Oriol Arteaga SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY FOCUS TOPIC Young s double slit
More informationChapter 2 Advanced Mueller Ellipsometry Instrumentation and Data Analysis
Chapter 2 Advanced Mueller Ellipsometry Instrumentation and Data Analysis Enric Garcia-Caurel, Razvigor Ossikovski, Martin Foldyna, Angelo Pierangelo, Bernard Drévillon and Antonello De Martino Abstract
More informationUE SPM-PHY-S Polarization Optics
UE SPM-PHY-S07-101 Polarization Optics N. Fressengeas Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes Unité de Recherche commune à l Université Paul Verlaine Metz et à Supélec Document à télécharger
More informationOptics and Optical Design. Chapter 6: Polarization Optics. Lectures 11-13
Optics and Optical Design Chapter 6: Polarization Optics Lectures 11-13 Cord Arnold / Anne L Huillier Polarization of Light Arbitrary wave vs. paraxial wave One component in x-direction y x z Components
More informationJones calculus for optical system
2/14/17 Electromagnetic Processes In Dispersive Media, Lecture 6 1 Jones calculus for optical system T. Johnson Key concepts in the course so far What is meant by an electro-magnetic response? What characterises
More informationNear-perfect modulator for polarization state of light
Journal of Nanophotonics, Vol. 2, 029504 (11 November 2008) Near-perfect modulator for polarization state of light Yi-Jun Jen, Yung-Hsun Chen, Ching-Wei Yu, and Yen-Pu Li Department of Electro-Optical
More informationOPTICS LAB -ECEN 5606
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder OPTICS LAB -ECEN 5606 Kelvin Wagner KW&K.Y. Wu 1994 KW&S.Kim 2007 Experiment No. 12 POLARIZATION and CRYSTAL OPTICS 1
More informationDUV ( nm ) Characterization of Materials: A new instrument, the Purged UV Spectroscopic Ellipsometer,
WISE 2000, International Workshop on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, 8 9 May 2000 DUV (150 350nm ) Characterization of Materials: A new instrument, the Purged UV Spectroscopic Ellipsometer, Pierre BOHER,,
More informationIntuitive interpretation of Mueller matrices of transmission. John Freudenthal Hinds Instruments, Inc.
Intuitive interpretation of Mueller matrices of transmission John Freudenthal Hinds Instruments, Inc. Abstract Polarization metrology has grown to embrace ever more complicated measurement parameters.
More informationThin Solid Films 519 (2011) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Thin Solid Films. journal homepage:
Thin Solid Films 519 (2011) 2698 2702 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Thin Solid Films journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tsf Rotatable broadband retarders for far-infrared spectroscopic
More informationNON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION IN MANUFACTURING USING SPECTROSCOPIC. John A. Woollam and Paul G. Snyder
NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION IN MANUFACTURING USING SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY John A. Woollam and Paul G. Snyder Center for Microelectronic and Optical Materials Research, and Department of Electrical Engineering
More information1.1 FEATURES OF SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY
1 Introduction to Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Because of recent advances in computer technology, the spectroscopic ellipsometry technique has developed rapidly. As a result, the application area of spectroscopic
More informationPolarization Optics. N. Fressengeas
Polarization Optics N. Fressengeas Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes Unité de Recherche commune à l Université de Lorraine et à Supélec Download this document from http://arche.univ-lorraine.fr/
More informationWave Propagation in Uniaxial Media. Reflection and Transmission at Interfaces
Lecture 5: Crystal Optics Outline 1 Homogeneous, Anisotropic Media 2 Crystals 3 Plane Waves in Anisotropic Media 4 Wave Propagation in Uniaxial Media 5 Reflection and Transmission at Interfaces Christoph
More informationBeam Deviation Errors in Ellipsometric Measurements; an Analysis
Beam Deviation Errors in Ellipsometric Measurements; an Analysis James R. Zeidler, R. B. Kohles, and N. M. Bashara The types of error produced by beam deviation in the optical elements of an ellipsometer
More informationExtreme ultraviolet polarizing optics using bare and aluminum-coated silicon carbide
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications Department of Electrical Engineering 10-1-1995 Extreme ultraviolet polarizing optics using bare and aluminum-coated
More informationINA I N. Practical training ellipsometry. Lab training nanosensorics Supervisor: Uh-Myong Ha. University of Kassel. Version: December 22, 2014
INA I N nstitut für anostrukturtechnologie und Analytik Practical training ellipsometry Lab training nanosensorics Supervisor: Uh-Myong Ha Version: December 22, 2014 University of Kassel Contents 1 Introduction
More informationPolarimetry. Dave McConnell, CASS Radio Astronomy School, Narrabri 30 September kpc. 8.5 GHz B-vectors Perley & Carilli (1996)
VLA @ 8.5 GHz B-vectors Perley & Carilli (1996) 10 kpc Polarimetry Dave McConnell, CASS Radio Astronomy School, Narrabri 30 September 2010 1 Electro-magnetic waves are polarized E H S = c/4π (E H) S E/M
More informationQuarter wave plates and Jones calculus for optical system
2/11/16 Electromagnetic Processes In Dispersive Media, Lecture 6 1 Quarter wave plates and Jones calculus for optical system T. Johnson 2/11/16 Electromagnetic Processes In Dispersive Media, Lecture 6
More informationELECTRODYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS MEDIA
ELECTRODYNAMICS OF CONTINUOUS MEDIA by L. D. LANDAU and E. M. LIFSHITZ Institute of Physical Problems, USSR Academy of Sciences Volume 8 of Course of Theoretical Physics Translated from the Russian by
More informationPhysics I Keystone Institute Technology & Management Unit-II
Un-polarized light Ordinary light is a collection of wave trains emitted by atoms or group of atoms with coherent time no longer than 10-8 second. Each wave train has different orientation and phase of
More informationPolarization Model and Control in Fiber-Based Bidirectional Systems with Reflections
Polarization Model and Control in Fiber-Based Bidirectional Systems with Reflections by William La A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Masters of Applied Science Department
More informationApplication of imaging ellipsometry: graphene - pinpointing and ellipsometric characterization ULRICH WURSTBAUER CHRISTIAN RÖLING PETER H.
Application of imaging ellipsometry: graphene - pinpointing and ellipsometric characterization ULRICH WURSTBAUER CHRISTIAN RÖLING PETER H. THIESEN Introduction to imaging ellipsometry Ellipsometry in general
More information50%-50% Beam Splitters Using Transparent Substrates Coated by Single- or Double-Layer Quarter-Wave Thin Films
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses 5-22-2006 50%-50% Beam Splitters Using Transparent Substrates Coated by Single- or
More informationFUNDAMENTALS OF OCEAN ACOUSTICS
FUNDAMENTALS OF OCEAN ACOUSTICS Third Edition L.M. Brekhovskikh Yu.P. Lysanov Moscow, Russia With 120 Figures Springer Contents Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the
More informationPhysics of Light and Optics
Physics of Light and Optics Justin Peatross and Harold Stokes Brigham Young University Department of Physics and Astronomy All Publication Rights Reserved (2001) Revised April 2002 This project is supported
More informationPolarization of Light and Birefringence of Materials
Polarization of Light and Birefringence of Materials Ajit Balagopal (Team Members Karunanand Ogirala, Hui Shen) ECE 614- PHOTONIC INFORMATION PROCESSING LABORATORY Abstract-- In this project, we study
More informationChapter 6. Polarization Optics
Chapter 6. Polarization Optics 6.1 Polarization of light 6. Reflection and refraction 6.3 Optics of anisotropic media 6.4 Optical activity and magneto-optics 6.5 Optics of liquid crystals 6.6 Polarization
More informationLaser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford
Laser Physics SIMON HOOKER and COLIN WEBB Department of Physics, University of Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 The laser 1.2 Electromagnetic radiation in a closed cavity 1.2.1
More informationDetermination of Mueller matrix elements in the presence of imperfections in optical components
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses 5-15-009 Determination of Mueller matrix elements in the presence of imperfections
More informationComplex refractive-index measurement based on Fresnel s equations and the uses of heterodyne interferometry
Complex refractive-index measurement based on Fresnel s equations and the uses of heterodyne interferometry Ming-Horng Chiu, Ju-Yi Lee, and Der-Chin Su The phase difference between s and p polarization
More informationIntroduction to Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Introduction to Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Michelle Sestak, Ph.D. Applications Scientist HORIBA Scientific, Edison NJ April, 3 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 7 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. Outline
More informationEllipsometry measures variations of the polarization state of light reflected from a
Ellipsometry (by Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn and Boris Mahltig) Ellipsometry measures variations of the polarization state of light reflected from a surface /1/ (FIG.1). The experimental data are expressed as
More informationOptics and Optical Design. Chapter 6: Polarization Optics. Lectures 11 13
Optics and Optical Design Chapter 6: Polarization Optics Lectures 11 13 Cord Arnold / Anne L Huillier Polarization of Light Arbitrary wave vs. paraxial wave One component in x direction y x z Components
More informationBISTABLE twisted nematic (BTN) liquid crystal displays
JOURNAL OF DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY, VOL 1, NO 2, DECEMBER 2005 217 Analytic Solution of Film Compensated Bistable Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays Fushan Zhou and Deng-Ke Yang Abstract In this paper,
More informationCharacterisation of vibrational modes of adsorbed species
17.7.5 Characterisation of vibrational modes of adsorbed species Infrared spectroscopy (IR) See Ch.10. Infrared vibrational spectra originate in transitions between discrete vibrational energy levels of
More informationLecture 8: Polarimetry 2. Polarizers and Retarders. Polarimeters. Scattering Polarization. Zeeman Effect. Outline
Lecture 8: Polarimetry 2 Outline 1 Polarizers and Retarders 2 Polarimeters 3 Scattering Polarization 4 Zeeman Effect Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht University, C.U.Keller@uu.nl Observational Astrophysics
More informationPolarization. Polarization. Physics Waves & Oscillations 4/3/2016. Spring 2016 Semester Matthew Jones. Two problems to be considered today:
4/3/26 Physics 422 Waves & Oscillations Lecture 34 Polarization of Light Spring 26 Semester Matthew Jones Polarization (,)= cos (,)= cos + Unpolarizedlight: Random,, Linear polarization: =,± Circular polarization:
More informationThe Raman Effect. A Unified Treatment of the Theory of Raman Scattering by Molecules. DerekA. Long
The Raman Effect A Unified Treatment of the Theory of Raman Scattering by Molecules DerekA. Long Emeritus Professor ofstructural Chemistry University of Bradford Bradford, UK JOHN WILEY & SONS, LTD Vll
More informationLecture 2: Thin Films. Thin Films. Calculating Thin Film Stack Properties. Jones Matrices for Thin Film Stacks. Mueller Matrices for Thin Film Stacks
Lecture 2: Thin Films Outline Thin Films 2 Calculating Thin Film Stack Properties 3 Jones Matrices for Thin Film Stacks 4 Mueller Matrices for Thin Film Stacks 5 Mueller Matrix for Dielectrica 6 Mueller
More informationDiode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits
Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits L. A. COLDREN S. W. CORZINE University of California Santa Barbara, California A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK / CHICHESTER
More informationChap. 4. Electromagnetic Propagation in Anisotropic Media
Chap. 4. Electromagnetic Propagation in Anisotropic Media - Optical properties depend on the direction of propagation and the polarization of the light. - Crystals such as calcite, quartz, KDP, and liquid
More informationPhys 531 Lecture 27 6 December 2005
Phys 531 Lecture 27 6 December 2005 Final Review Last time: introduction to quantum field theory Like QM, but field is quantum variable rather than x, p for particle Understand photons, noise, weird quantum
More informationChiroptical Spectroscopy
Chiroptical Spectroscopy Theory and Applications in Organic Chemistry Lecture 2: Polarized light Masters Level Class (181 041) Mondays, 8.15-9.45 am, NC 02/99 Wednesdays, 10.15-11.45 am, NC 02/99 28 Electromagnetic
More informationChap. 1 Fundamental Concepts
NE 2 Chap. 1 Fundamental Concepts Important Laws in Electromagnetics Coulomb s Law (1785) Gauss s Law (1839) Ampere s Law (1827) Ohm s Law (1827) Kirchhoff s Law (1845) Biot-Savart Law (1820) Faradays
More informationDiscover the Difference
M-2000 Discover the Difference Focused M-2000 The M-2000 line of spectroscopic ellipsometers is engineered to meet the diverse demands of thin film characterization. An advanced optical design, wide spectral
More informationDeviations from Malus Law
From: Steve Scott, Jinseok Ko, Howard Yuh To: MSE Enthusiasts Re: MSE Memo #18a: Linear Polarizers and Flat Glass Plates Date: January 16, 2004 This memo discusses three issues: 1. When we measure the
More informationDistributed feedback semiconductor lasers
Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers John Carroll, James Whiteaway & Dick Plumb The Institution of Electrical Engineers SPIE Optical Engineering Press 1 Preface Acknowledgments Principal abbreviations
More informationMatrix description of wave propagation and polarization
Chapter Matrix description of wave propagation and polarization Contents.1 Electromagnetic waves................................... 1. Matrix description of wave propagation in linear systems..............
More informationMueller matrices for anisotropic metamaterials generated using 4 4 matrix formalism
Revised Manuscript Click here to view linked References Mueller matrices for anisotropic metamaterials generated using 4 4 matrix formalism P. D. Rogers 1, T. D. Kang 1, T. Zhou 1, M. Kotelyanskii 1,,
More informationLecture 4: Anisotropic Media. Dichroism. Optical Activity. Faraday Effect in Transparent Media. Stress Birefringence. Form Birefringence
Lecture 4: Anisotropic Media Outline Dichroism Optical Activity 3 Faraday Effect in Transparent Media 4 Stress Birefringence 5 Form Birefringence 6 Electro-Optics Dichroism some materials exhibit different
More informationElectro-Optical System. Analysis and Design. A Radiometry Perspective. Cornelius J. Willers SPIE PRESS. Bellingham, Washington USA
Electro-Optical System Analysis and Design A Radiometry Perspective Cornelius J Willers SPIE PRESS Bellingham, Washington USA Nomenclature xvii Preface xxiii 1 Electro-Optical System Design 1 11 Introduction
More informationGRATING CLASSIFICATION
GRATING CLASSIFICATION SURFACE-RELIEF GRATING TYPES GRATING CLASSIFICATION Transmission or Reflection Classification based on Regime DIFFRACTION BY GRATINGS Acousto-Optics Diffractive Optics Integrated
More informationA phase shifting interferometeric imaging ellipsometer
A phase shifting interferometeric imaging ellipsometer Conrad Weilsa and James C. Wyant aoptical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 8572 1-0094 bwyko Corporation, 2650 East Elvira Road,
More informationSolitons. Nonlinear pulses and beams
Solitons Nonlinear pulses and beams Nail N. Akhmediev and Adrian Ankiewicz Optical Sciences Centre The Australian National University Canberra Australia m CHAPMAN & HALL London Weinheim New York Tokyo
More informationTesting stress birefringence of an optical window. Chiayu Ai and. James C. Wyant. WYKO Corp., 2650 E. Elvira Road, Tucson, AZ ABSTRACT
Testing stress birefringence of an optical window Chiayu Ai and James C. Wyant WYKO Corp., 2650 E. Elvira Road, Tucson, AZ 85706 ABSTRACT This paper describes a method to measure the birefringence of an
More informationCalculating Thin Film Stack Properties. Polarization Properties of Thin Films
Lecture 6: Thin Films Outline 1 Thin Films 2 Calculating Thin Film Stack Properties 3 Polarization Properties of Thin Films 4 Anti-Reflection Coatings 5 Interference Filters Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht
More informationEllipsometry Tutorial
Introduction Ellipsometry Tutorial [http://www.jawoollam.com/tutorial_1.html] This tutorial provided by the J. A. Woollam Co. is an introduction to ellipsometry for anyone interested in learning more about
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Devlin et al. 10.1073/pnas.1611740113 Optical Characterization We deposit blanket TiO films via ALD onto silicon substrates to prepare samples for spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE)
More informationTyn Myint-U Lokenath Debnath. Linear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers. Fourth Edition. Birkhauser Boston Basel Berlin
Tyn Myint-U Lokenath Debnath Linear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers Fourth Edition Birkhauser Boston Basel Berlin Preface to the Fourth Edition Preface to the Third Edition
More informationPOLARIZATION FUNDAMENTAL OPTICS POLARIZATION STATES 1. CARTESIAN REPRESENTATION 2. CIRCULAR REPRESENTATION. Polarization. marketplace.idexop.
POLARIZATION POLARIZATION STATS Four numbers are required to describe a single plane wave Fourier component traveling in the + z direction. These can be thought of as the amplitude and phase shift of the
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Thiocyanate Anchors for Salt-like Iron(II) Complexes on Au(111): Promises and Caveats Philipp Stock, a,b Andreas Erbe, b Gerald Hörner, a Manfred Buck, c Hervé Ménard, d and Andreas
More informationPrinciples of optics
Principles of optics Electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and diffraction of light MAX BORN MA, Dr Phil, FRS Nobel Laureate Formerly Professor at the Universities of Göttingen and Edinburgh
More informationReflection and Transmission of Light in Structures with Incoherent Anisotropic Layers
Optics and Spectroscopy, Vol. 87, No., 999, pp. 5. Translated from Optika i Spektroskopiya, Vol. 87, No., 999, pp. 2 25. Original Russian Text Copyright 999 by Ivanov, Sementsov. PHYSICAL AND QUANTUM OPTICS
More informationECE 185 ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATION OF LIGHT
ECE 185 ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATION OF LIGHT I. Objective: To study the Pockels electro-optic (EO) effect, and the property of light propagation in anisotropic medium, especially polarization-rotation effects.
More informationOPTICS. Learning by Computing, with Examples Using Mathcad, Matlab, Mathematica, and Maple. K.D. Möller. Second Edition. With 308 Illustrations
Optics OPTICS Learning by Computing, with Examples Using Mathcad, Matlab, Mathematica, and Maple Second Edition K.D. Möller With 308 Illustrations Includes CD-ROM With Mathcad Matlab Mathematica 123 K.D.
More informationLecture 4: Polarisation of light, introduction
Lecture 4: Polarisation of light, introduction Lecture aims to explain: 1. Light as a transverse electro-magnetic wave 2. Importance of polarisation of light 3. Linearly polarised light 4. Natural light
More informationSpectroscopic mapping polarimetry in Bragg Micro-cavities
Spectroscopic mapping polarimetry in Bragg Micro-cavities Author: David Ramos Santesmases Advisor: Oriol Arteaga Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain*. Abstract:
More informationCalculating Thin Film Stack Properties
Lecture 5: Thin Films Outline 1 Thin Films 2 Calculating Thin Film Stack Properties 3 Fabry-Perot Tunable Filter 4 Anti-Reflection Coatings 5 Interference Filters Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University,
More informationOrientational Kerr effect in liquid crystal ferroelectrics and modulation of partially polarized light
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Orientational Kerr effect in liquid crystal ferroelectrics and modulation of partially polarized light To cite this article: Alexei D. Kiselev et
More informationB.Tech. First Semester Examination Physics-1 (PHY-101F)
B.Tech. First Semester Examination Physics-1 (PHY-101F) Note : Attempt FIVE questions in all taking least two questions from each Part. All questions carry equal marks Part-A Q. 1. (a) What are Newton's
More information