A Summary of the Galaxy 15 Incident and its Impact on Space Sustainability
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1 A Summary of the Galaxy 15 Incident and its Impact on Space Sustainability Brian Weeden Technical Advisor Secure World Foundation 1 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
2 Galaxy 15 Credit: Intelsat General 2 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
3 April, 2010, Galaxy 15 stopped responding to commands and transmitting telemetry The malfunction Galaxy 15 s communications payload remained active and was able to rebroadcast any C-band signals it received while drifting Open microphone The Star-2 Satellite Bus Credit: Orbital Sciences 3 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
4 All satellites in the GEO belt are pulled east or west from their assigned orbital slots by variations in the Earth s gravitational field Gravitational Map generated by GRACE satellite Credit: NASA 4 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
5 AMC-11 mitigation maneuver 5 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
6 Other mitigation planning Between May and December, 15 maneuvers were conducted by other satellites Mitigation Team Intelsat SES SatMex Telsat Canada Orbital Sciences 6 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
7 Galaxy 15 drifted past SES-1 satellite from 4-18 Dec, 2010 Weather data outage SES-1 relays data from several US weather tracking and forecasting satellites to US National Weather Service (NWS) Interference from Galaxy 15 caused a brief outage with the satellite data feed on 6 Dec NWS Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System Credit: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 7 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
8 Most Recent Events On 23 December, 2010, Galaxy 15 s battery finally drained and the satellite s command unit reset Shortly thereafter, Galaxy 15 started accepting commands again and was placed in safe mode Galaxy 15 was maneuvered to an orbital slot at 93 W Intelsat is currently running a series of diagnostic tests to evaluate whether or not the satellite can return to service 8 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
9 The cause of the malfunction Originally, space weather was suspected to have caused the malfunction Electrostatic discharge was later found to have been the cause Full investigation and report due soon 9 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
10 A more realistic picture of the GEO region Credit: Analytical Graphics Inc UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
11 Atmospheric absorption of the EM spectrum Credit: Space Science Telescope Institute 11 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
12 Conclusions (1) On-orbit failure is just one of the potential scenarios that could cause physical or radio frequency interference in the GEO belt Constant maneuvering in/out of slots Wide variation in station-keeping practices Communication and coordination between all satellite operators is essential to minimizing the negative impacts of similar events Intelsat and rest of mitigation team set the example Potential source of operator best practices? 12 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
13 Conclusions (2) Space situational awareness (SSA) is key to diagnosing problems and resolving these types of situations No one actor can have the best SSA Some level of data sharing is required At some point, active debris removal will be necessary to eliminate the debris threat in both LEO and GEO Initial technical analysis and feasibility being done now Significant legal and policy challenges need to be discussed 13 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
14 Thank You. Brian Weeden 14 UN COPUOS Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Feb 15, 2011
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