The Origin of Large and Small Science Satellites at NASA. Paul Hertz Chief Scientist, Science Mission Directorate, NASA August 2010

Transcription

1 The Origin of Large and Small Science Satellites at NASA Paul Hertz Chief Scientist, Science Mission Directorate, NASA August 2010

2 Overview NASA s Science Mission Directorate (SMD) is currently operating 57 robotic science missions and developing 27 more for launch. These space missions address the Nation s highest priority and most compelling science questions from space. NASA s science missions are prioritized for NASA development either through The National Academy of Sciences decadal surveys or The evaluation and selection of competitively peer reviewed proposals. Small missions tend to be in the latter category. NASA issues regular solicitations for small, PI-led mission proposals, and NASA s announcements of opportunity are open to all categories of proposers. 2

3 NASA s Strategic Goals U.S. Space Exploration Policy To advance U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests through a robust space exploration program NASA s Mission To pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery, and aeronautics research NASA s Strategic Goals in Science Advance Earth System Science to meet the challenges of climate and environmental change; Understand the Sun and its interactions with Earth and the solar system; Ascertain the content, origin, and evolution of the solar system and the potential for life elsewhere; and Discover how the universe works, explore how the universe began and evolved, and search for Earth-like planets. 3

4 SMD Strategies Pursue answers to big science questions for which the view from space makes a defining contribution How are Earth s climate and the environment changing? How and why does the Sun vary and affect Earth and the rest of the solar system? How do planets and life originate? How does the universe work, and what are its origin and destiny? Are we alone? Design programs that accomplish breakthrough science within the available budget Partner with other nations space agencies to pursue common goals Mature technologies through focused efforts prior to committing to implement missions that need them Share the story, the science, and the adventure of NASA missions to engage the public in scientific exploration and to improve science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education nationwide 4

5 SMD Principles Substantial progress on NRC decadal surveys in all four Science areas is the measure of success Investment choices are based on scientific merit via peer review and open competition Active participation by the research community outside NASA is critical to success Effective international and interagency partnerships leverage NASA resources and extend the reach of our science results A balanced portfolio of space missions and mission-enabling programs sustains progress toward NASA s science goals The pace of scientific progress is enhanced by rapid, open access to data from science missions The NASA mandate includes broad public communication Accountability, transparent processes, accessible results, and capture of lessons learned are essential features of this Federal science enterprise 5

6 Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond (2007) New Frontiers in the Solar System: An Integrated Exploration Strategy (2002) New survey in progress, expected winter 2011 New survey initiated in 2010 NAS/NRC Decadal Surveys New survey completed, to be released August 13, 2010 The Sun to the Earth -- and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics (2003) Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium (2001) 6

7 Strategic vs. Competed Missions Strategic science missions Identified through Decadal Surveys conducted by the National Academy of Sciences, and the missions can be of any size. They are the backbone of the science roadmaps in each area and are usually large and multipurpose in scope. Competed science missions Solicited via open, competitive Announcements of Opportunity and selected based on peer review of proposals. Competed missions are led by a Principal Investigator (PI). PI-led missions are employed to meet focused science objectives via innovative mission proposals. 7

8 SMD Programs Science Mission Directorate * Division Program PI Led Missions PI Led Research Planetary Science Division Earth Science Division Astrophysics Division Heliophysics Division New Frontiers Mars Exploration Discovery Earth System Science Pathfinder Earth Systematic Missions Applied Sciences Astrophysics Research Cosmic Origins Physics of the Cosmos Living with a Star Solar Terrestrial Probes Heliophysics Explorer Planetary Science Research Earth Science Research Exoplanet Exploration Heliophysics Research Outer Planets ESS Multi-mission Ops Astrophysics Explorer Planetary Science Technology Earth Science Technology Lunar Quest Earth Venture 8

9 Strategic vs. Competed Missions Examples Small Mission Size: Strategic Earth Science Systematic; Lunar Quest PI-Led Earth System Science Pathfinder; Explorer Medium Mission Size: Strategic Earth Science Systematic; Solar Terrestrial Probes; Living With a Star; Mars Exploration; Cosmic Origins; Exoplanet Exploration PI-Led Discovery; Explorer Large Mission Size: Strategic Earth Science Systematic; Living With a Star; Mars Exploration; Cosmic Origins PI-Led New Frontiers Flagship Mission Size: Strategic ICESat-2; Solar Dynamics Observatory; Cassini; James Webb Space Telescope 9

10 Astrophysics Earth Science Heliophysics Planetary Science Total Missions / Spacecraft 84 / 98 6/24/10 Formulation 12 / 12 Implementation 15 / 18 Primary Ops 19 / 19 Extended Ops 38 / 49 JPL 2 SMAP OCO-2 ARC 1 LADEE GSFC 7 MSFC 3 NF-3 Strofio JPL 6 NuSTAR ST-7 Aquarius MSL JUNO GRAIL SOFIA is a mission projects but does not add spacecraft Italics = US instruments on foreign mission X / Y = # of missions / # of spacecraft * New missions for Deep Impact and Stardust, respectively ~ Operated by another agency GSFC 8/12 DFRC 1/0 JWST SOFIA(1/0) ICESat-II LDCM IRIS GPM Solar Orbiter Glory Solar Probe + NPP GEMS SET-1 Astro H RBSP (2) MAVEN MMS (4) ARC 1 Kepler JPL 8 WISE Herschel Planck OSTM~ Rosetta DAWN EPOXI* NExT* GSFC 7 In concept development/pre-formulation: MSFC 2 Fermi MESSENGER Aura New Horizons TWINS-A CINDI TWINS-B IBEX SDO JDEM, SIM-Lite, LISA, IXO, Mars 2016/ExoMars, Mars 2018, OPF, CLARREO, DESDynI, GRACE FO, SAGE III NOAA Reimbursable: GOES-R, Jason-3 (pre-formulation), JPSS-1&2 LaRC 1 JPL 12/15 GSFC 24/32 MSFC 2 CALIPSO GALEX Spitzer Cloudsat ACRIMsat GRACE (2) Jason-1 Voyager (2) HST Suzaku Integral RXTE WMAP XMM SWIFT Chandra Hinode Mars Express Aqua Mars Odyssey SORCE MER (2) Cassini MRO RHESSI SOHO EO-1 Terra TRMM Landsat 7~ TIMED TRACE THEMIS (5) WIND ACE STEREO (2) GEOTAIL AIM Cluster-2 (4) 10

11 NASA Science Mission Launches (Fiscal Years ) As of 4/16/10 For planning purposes only NASA Mission on US ELV Reimbursable for NOAA = Early science flights begin = Mission successfully launched Red Text = new or accelerated in FY11 Budget Request Joint NASA - International Partner Mission International Mission with Substantial NASA Contribution CLARREO-1 DESDynI Venture MoO Glory NuSTAR LDCM SAGE III Discovery-12 New Front 3 JEO WISE NPP RBSP OCO-2 MAVEN EX-1 Solar Probe + EX-3 SOFIA* Juno LWS SET-1 IRIS GEMS SMAP ICESat-2 Venture 2 EX-2 CLARREO-2 SDO GRAIL MSL LADEE JWST MMS GRACE FO GOES-S Astro-1 ES Tier 2-1 Venture MoO GOES-P Aquarius ST-7 GPM Core Astro-H GOES-R ESA/NASA Mars 2016 Solar Orbiter NASA/ESA Mars 2018 Venture MoO ES Tier

12 Competitive Opportunities Announcement of Opportunity (AO) Typically a few per year; always used for specific space flight programs. Invites proposals for research for which space flight hardware may be required to obtain the data needed to achieve the stated science objective an end-to-end activity called a science investigation. NASA Research Announcement (NRA) The proposer has considerable freedom to specify specific objectives within the broad program objectives given in the NRA. Use to fund supporting research and technology, research and data analysis SMD issues ROSES annually (NNH10ZDA001N) Awards typically grants, ~ $50K to $fewm (average ~ $100K). Includes suborbital platform-based investigations such as sounding rockets, balloons, airborne, ISS, CRuSR. 12

13 Competitive Opportunities: AOs (1 of 5) Discovery Missions Must address science goals in Planetary Science Any Solar System target except Earth and Sun Cost cap: ~$425M plus LV Solicitation currently open (NNH10ZDA007O) Proposals due September 3, 2010 Full information: 13

14 Competitive Opportunities: AOs (2 of 5) Explorer Missions Must address science goals in Astrophysics or Heliophysics Cost cap: ~$200M plus LV Draft solicitation released (NN10ZDA008J) on June 22, 2010 Solicitation expected Fall 2010 Full information: 14

15 Competitive Opportunities: AOs (3 of 5) Explorer Missions of Opportunity Must address science goals in Astrophysics or Heliophysics Includes Partner Missions of Opportunity, Hosted Payloads, Secondary Payloads, ISSattached Payloads, and other Small Complete Missions Cost cap: ~$55M (includes access to space) Draft solicitation released (NN10ZDA009J) on June 22, 2010 Solicitation planned for Fall 2010 Full information: 15

16 Competitive Opportunities: AOs (4 of 5) Earth Venture Small Missions President s FY2011 budget request enables the expansion of PI-led Venture-class program initiated in FY2010 Must address science goals in Earth Science Venture-2 competitive solicitation for development and flight of a complete small mission Cost Cap: ~$150M (includes access to space) Solicitation release in FY2012 Launch no later than FY2017 after a 5-year development Full information: 16

17 Competitive Opportunities: AOs (5 of 5) Earth Venture Instrument Solicitations Must address science goals in Earth Science Annual Earth Venture competitive solicitation for development and flight of an instrument on a flight of opportunity Cost Cap: ~$90M (includes access to space) Includes hosted payloads, etc. Solicitation release in FY2011 Launch no later than FY2016 after a 5-year development Full information: 17

18 Competitive Opportunities Announcement of Opportunity (AO) Typically a few per year; always used for specific space flight programs. Invites proposals for research for which space flight hardware may be required to obtain the data needed to achieve the stated science objective an end-to-end activity called a science investigation. NASA Research Announcement (NRA) The proposer has considerable freedom to specify specific objectives within the broad program objectives given in the NRA. Use to fund supporting research and technology, research and data analysis SMD issues ROSES annually (NNH10ZDA001N) Awards typically grants, ~ $50K to $fewm (average ~ $100K). Includes suborbital platform-based investigations such as sounding rockets, balloons, airborne, ISS, CRuSR. 18

19 Competitive Opportunities: ROSES ROSES-2010 Suborbital Opportunities Proposals must be submitted to the appropriate ROSES program element depending on the science addressed by the proposed investigation. Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Platforms for Earth Science program (Appendix A.27), Geospace Science program (Appendix B.3), Solar and Heliospheric Science program (Appendix B.4), Planetary Astronomy program (Appendix C.5), and the Astrophysics Research and Analysis program (Appendix D.3). For any program whose due date has passed for 2010, please consult the next solicitation for that program Full information: 19

20 SMD Science Plan 2010 Science Plan for NASA s Science Mission Directorate Required by the NASA Strategic Management and Governance Handbook Fulfills a Congressional requirement from the NASA Authorization Act of 2005 Supports NASA advocacy and explanation of its science portfolio to Congress, science community, and the public The Plan Articulates science questions to be pursued in the context of national priorities Defines and prioritizes missions Describes the associated research & analysis, technology, and related programs 20

21 Workforce Development, Education, & Public Outreach 21

22 Competitive Opportunities: non-smd Space Operations Mission Directorate (SOMD) Cubesats Launch opportunities available Solicitation open now (NNH10SOMD003L) Proposals due November 15, 2010 Office of Chief Technologist Technology Demonstration Missions Edison Small Satellite Missions Flight Demonstrations (CRuSR, FAST) Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) Exploration Robotic Precursor Program 22

23 Take-away NASA s Science Mission Directorate is currently operating a lot of science missions, some of which are small. NASA selects science missions based on National Academy of Science priorities and competition Opportunities to propose small science missions to NASA are frequent --- but highly competitive Discovery Explorer Explorer Missions of Opportunity Earth Venture Small Missions Earth Venture Instruments (hosted payloads) ROSES Cubesats 23

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