The Double Chooz experiment
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1 The Double Chooz experiment Chris&an Buck, MPIK Heidelberg on behalf of the Double Chooz Collabora&on NOW 2016, Otranto September, 5th 2016
2 Reactor an&neutrinos 3 MeV reactor antineutrino flux worldwide Antineutrino Global Map 2015, Sci.Rep.5 (2015) Reactors: Strong and pure source of MeV e-antineutrinos 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 2
3 Neutrino mixing at reactors Short baseline experiments Reactor anomaly θ 13 exp.: Double Chooz Daya Bay RENO θ 12 KamLAND: Solar Parameters % P(! e!! e) " 1# sin 2 2" 13 sin $m 2 13(eV 2 )L(m)( ' * & E! (MeV ) ) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 3
4 Double Chooz site Near detector (ND): Data taking 01/2015 Far detector (FD): Data taking 04/ km 415 m 2 x 4.25 GW th neutrinos/s 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 4
5 Double Chooz Collabora&on Brazil CBPF UNICAMP UFABC 05-Sept-16 France Germany APC CEA/DSM/ IRFU: SPP, SPhN SEDI, SIS SENAC CNRS/IN2P3: Subatech IPHC EKU Tübingen MPIK Heidelberg RWTH Aachen TU München Japan Tohoku U. Tokyo Inst. Tech. Tokyo Metro. U. Kitasato U. Kobe U. Tohoku Gakuin U. Hiroshima Inst. Tech. Russia INR RAS IPC RAS RRC Kurchatov Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg Spain CIEMATMadrid USA U. Alabama ANL,U. Chicago Columbia U. UC Davis Drexel U. IIT, KSU, MIT, U. Notre Dame U. Tennessee Virginia Tech 5
6 Neutrino produc&on / detec&on N! exp (t) = "N p 4# L 2! P th (t) E f! $ f Mean cross section per fission (Bugey anchor point for FD only) Prompt: > 1MeV Delayed: n on Gd (H) 30 (200) µs 8 (2.2) MeV! e + p! e + + n E vis = E!! 0.8MeV 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 6
7 Detector Design Inner detector: Target (r = 1.2 m): - Acrylic vessel (8 mm) tons Gd-scintillator (1 g/l Gd, o-pxe based) Outer Veto: Plastic scintillator Gamma Catcher (0.55 m): - Acrylic vessel (12 mm) - 18 tons liquid scintillator (o-pxe based) 7m Buffer (1.05 m): - Steel (3 mm) - 80 tons oil 390 PMTs (10 ) Inner Veto: - Steel (8 mm) - 70 tons LS (LAB based) 78 PMTs (8 ) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 7
8 Calibra&on Calibration systems: - LED light injection (multi wavelengths) - Vertical z-axis (radioactive sources, laser ball) - GC guide tube (radioactive sources) - Natural sources (spallation neutrons) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 8
9 Energy scale Ø Response uniformity Ø Non-linearity effects Ø Time variation 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 9
10 Detector stability FD ND Time variation detector response: < 1%/year Gd fraction (center) stable since > 5 years on 0.2% level 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 10
11 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 11
12 Double Chooz milestones 2011: Start data taking (far only) and first results 2012: First analysis with n captures on H 2013: RRM (rate) analysis and near lab delivery 2014: Spectral distortion (reactor flux correlation) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 12
13 2016: First DC two detector result sin 2 (2θ 13 ) = ± Limited by statistics Preliminary result shown at Moriond conference (9 months data) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 13
14 Signal and backgrounds FD- I (460.93days) FD- II (212.21days) ND (150.76days) Events/day FD Events/day ND IBD candidates Cosmogenic BG 0.75± ±0.78 Fast n+stop- μ BG 0.535± ±0.16 Accidental BG 0.106± ±0.002 S/B > 25! 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 14
15 Fit results (Moriond) Single detector Two detector FD- I FD- II ND Double Chooz Preliminary Data- MC comparison for each conaiguration Best- Ait: sin 2 2θ 13 =0.111±0.018 (stat.+syst.) (χ 2 /dof =128.8/120) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 15
16 DC sensi&vity evolu&on Phys.Rev.Lett. 108 (2012) Phys.Rev. D86 (2012) DC-I DC-II JHEP 1410 (2014) 086 DC-III SD: single-detector MD: multi-detector Signal statistics (FD) Reactor flux (SD) Reactor flux (MD) FD-I FD-II relative Detection & E (SD) Detection & E (MD) Background BG (after R+S fit) Dominant uncertainty: Background DC-I è Reactor flux (SD) è Statistics (Moriond) è Detection systematics? 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 16
17 DC sta&s&cs Moriond analysis limited by statistical power IBD(Gd) IBD(Gd+H) IBD target 10 m 3 30 m 3 IBD target Systematics! Improve statistics by almost factor 3! (about ν in ND and ν in FD) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 17
18 IBD candidates vs &me IBD (Gd + H): 140 per day (S/B > 10) FD 2 reactor on 1 reactor on IBD (Gd + H): 900 per day (S/B > 20) ND 2 reactor on 1 reactor on Time (day) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 18
19 Accidental Background Rate (d -1 ) comparison Gd 0.07 H H Gd+H (FD) 4 Gd+H (ND) 3.1 Before ANN After ANN With ANN Accidental reduction using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Rate estimation using off-time window method 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 19
20 Cosmogenic isotopes Double Chooz Preliminary Long-lived β-n emitters ( 9 Li and 8 He) produced by spallation interactions of muons Li sample using distance to muon track and n multiplicity Contribution of 8 He compatible with 0 Dominant background in previous Gd analyses (FD only) Rates: ND 11/day, FD 2.6/day 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 20
21 Fast neutrons and stopping muons Michel e ND-IBD(Gd+H) More critical in near detector (Some LS in Buffer) Fast neutrons reduced using Inner Veto coincidences Measure up to 100 MeV Rates: ND 20/day, FD 2.5/day 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 21
22 Background reduc&on Delayed energy spectrum before and after event rejection with different cuts and vetos 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 22
23 Both reactors off data Unique for Double Chooz! OFF Two periods: 7.24 days total (FD only phase) Constrains background in θ13 fit delay prompt 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 23
24 Spectral distor&on normalisa&on = 1 (sta&s&cal error) (energy background flux) flux DC : Bugey4 Haag Huber Fission fraction 235U U Pu Pu 0.06 Excess events in 4 6 MeV region (Gd and H) Also seen in Daya Bay and RENO Dependence on fission isotopes? 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 24
25 Physics beyond θ 13 Ø Muon capture (DC, PRC 93, , 2016) Ø Ortho- positronium (DC, JHEP 10 (2014) 032) Ø Background studies (DC, PRD 87 (2013) (R)) Ø Lorentz viola&on (DC, PRD 86, , 2012) Ø Sensi&vity to Δm 13 2 Ø Neutrino direc&onality Ø Sterile neutrino studies 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 25
26 Summary Ø Double Chooz taking data with 2 detectors since start of 2015 Ø Preliminary result: sin 2 (2θ 13 ) = ± Ø Improved sta&s&cs with Gd+H analysis (factor 5) Ø Good background control (S/B > 10) Ø New result with improved sensi&vity soon! Ø Further shape studies with high sta&s&cs in ND 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 26
27 Backup 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 27
28 Sensi&vity projec&on ±0.030 ±0.018 (<1 PRELIMINARY ±0.010 (~5x years) dominated by sta-s-cs for ~10years 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 28
29 Response non- linearity 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 29
30 IBD selec&on Energy Distance Time Good data:mc agreement! 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 30
31 Signal and backgrounds 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 31
32 Background Vetoes (Gd) FV veto chimney stop- μ OV veto fast neutron, stop- μ 9 Li Li veto cosmogenic 9 Li n μ γ IV veto fast neutron, stop- μ, γ scattering Cut Information used Target of cut μ veto 1ms veto after μ μ, cosmogenic Multiplicity unicity condition multiple- n FV veto vertex likelihood chimney stop- μ IV veto IV activity fast n, stop- μ, γ scattering OV veto OV activity fast n, stop- μ Li veto Li- likelihood cosmogenic LN cut PMT hit pattern & time (CPS veto) chimney likelihood light emission from PMT stop- μ (Qratio) Max Q/Tot. Q ND buffer stop- μ (only applied in multi- detector analysis) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 32
33 Reactor flux uncertainty FD- I (%) FD- II (%) ND (%) Bugey Energy per Aission Spectrum σ IBD Baselines < 0.01 < Fission fraction (α k ) Thermal power (P th ) Total ρ(fd- I:FD- II) ρ(fd- II:ND) 0.72 (0.90% relative) >0.99 (0.07% relative) Correlated across FD- I, FD- II and ND Uncorrelated suppressed with two detectors (in parallel operation) Inter- reactor correlation for α k and P th : ρ B1/B2 = 0.78 (most conservative assumption with current data set) 05-Sept-16 Christian Buck, MPIK Heidelberg 33
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