Ted Pedersen. University of Minnesota, Duluth
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1 Ted Pedersen University of Minnesota, Duluth
2 The road from good software engineering
3 to good science
4 ...is a two way street...
5 Three Themes : Philosophy Interlude on Goodness Lessons from Science
6 Philosophy
7 Good
8
9 Good as in Quality
10 Fundamental Premise
11 Our community needs to think more about science, and about being able to reproduce results, and formulate theories that let us make predictions about language
12 The key to making that happen is making our software and data more usable, more available, and making such acts of sharing more central to our field
13 If we do that, our software engineering is pretty good
14 Science
15 Develop theories or models that let us make predictions about the world
16 Our world is language...
17 Good Science
18 are those methods that result in experimental findings that an independent observer can reproduce
19 Good Software Engineering
20 ...are those methods that result in software that anyone can use, anytime, anywhere...
21 ...to reproduce our results...
22 Experimental results that you publish are the test cases for your ideas
23 ...and your software...
24 Can't discount the role of software
25 ...although many try...
26 It's really the ideas that count...
27 Well, the algorithm is described in the paper...
28 It's really just a prototype...
29 Well, I got a new computer and I don't think the software made it to the new one...
30 Ummm... my student left and I don't quite know how he did all this...
31 Unacceptable
32 I did this experiment on X
33 Here are the results...
34 Accept them
35 No, the software isn't available
36 Neither is the data
37 I simply assume you have 8 months available to reinvent my method
38 And that you can do that from an incomplete description
39 Cheers!
40 That's many things...
41 It's not science
42 Empiricism is Not a Matter of Faith Computational Linguistics September 2008
43 Software and NLP
44
45
46 Good Software
47 Should Work
48 Anytime
49 Anywhere
50 For Anyone
51 ...and it should certainly work for you 6 months in the future
52 ...or 5 years from now...
53 ... it should work for others today, and 5 years from now...
54 ...even if you've moved on, aren't answering , and the project is over
55 If your software can do that, it's pretty well engineered
56 Will your software work in 40 years?
57 You should hope so...
58 Make choices that make that at least possible
59 Think of your software as a time capsule
60
61 Think of it as your chance for immortality
62
63 How many hours have you spent away from loved ones, friends, adventure, nature, romance, and life...
64 to create, test, and use software?
65 At least make it last...
66 Let someone 100 years from now unpack your code and data, and be able to read it, understand it, run it, and modify it
67 Let yourself be able to do the same thing in 10 years
68 If your software can do that, it's pretty well engineered
69 Will the Linux Kernel be available and running in X years?
70 There's a good chance
71 Company won't go out of business
72 ANSI C will be around for a long time
73 Virtualization will keep architectures alive even when hardware is gone
74 Make choices that give your code (and your legacy) a chance too
75 Don't rely on the newest priceiest weirdest goofball proprietary bleeding edge hardware and software
76
77
78 Don't hoard
79 Take advantage of public repositories which likely endure and proliferate
80 Think about who is included in your definition of anyone
81 ...with $200?
82 ...with $20,000
83 ...with a PhD in Computer Science?
84 ...and a staff of 10?
85 ...with 4 weeks available to debug?
86 ...and another 6 months to reimplement?
87 Interlude on Goodness
88 No matter how well engineered our software is...
89 Life will be hard and a bit cruel for many...
90 So be a little humble
91 Appreciate your good fortune
92 And push yourself a little harder
93 Think about what you can give back to the scientific community
94 Think about the people who fund your work
95 and I don't mean government project managers, legislators, or corporate titans
96
97 Appreciate our good fortune
98 Live up to the trust that is given us almost without question
99 And make sure we end up making some progress
100 Good Science
101 Produce theories that make reliable predictions about the world
102 Experiments are described in such a way that the results can be conveniently and reliably reproduced
103 Anytime
104 Anywhere
105 By Anyone
106 Gravity
107 A Good Theory
108 Works now
109 Will work in 10 years
110 Works here
111 Works on the moon
112 Works for me
113 Works for you
114 Gravity is a force, not an artifact
115 Telescope
116 Works anytime, anywhere, for anyone
117 The old ones still work
118
119 We share the big ones...
120
121 If we have access to the same resources, we can reproduce each other's results
122 We need to work a lot harder (and engineer systems a lot better) to make that happen
123 Not convinced?
124 Conduct the following experiment
125 Randomly select 1 of your papers
126 Reproduce your results
127 If you can't...
128 Do you think anyone else can?
129 What if nobody could have reproduced Galileo's falling objects experimental results? Would we simply believe?
130 They barely believed him at the time
131 If your software can reproduce your results, its pretty well engineered
132 Lessons from Science
133 We don't get it right the first time
134 If I have seen further it is only by standing on the shoulders of giants
135
136 (who were mostly wrong)
137 "Reports that say that something hasn't happened are always interesting to me, because as we know, there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns -- the ones we don't know we don't know."
138
139 We don't get it right the first time
140 Aristotle ( BC)
141 There are 4 elements
142 The heavens are different
143 Different rules apply
144 Before the telescope, the heavens really were different
145 Other planets were balls of fire, like the stars, like the sun
146
147 Ptolemy (90 168)
148
149
150 Crazy?
151 Very reliably predicts the movement of heavenly bodies
152 Instrumentalist
153 A theory that reliably explains and predicts the existing data
154 Realistic
155 A theory that describes things as they really are
156
157
158 Copernicus ( )
159
160 Wasn't much of an observer
161
162 Found Ptolmey's model overly complicated
163 Wanted a simpler explanation
164 ...that was more heavenly
165 Came up with another model that was consistent with Ptolmey's data
166
167 Great!
168 (Well, better)
169 Uniform Motion
170 Perfect circles
171
172
173 Tycho Brahe ( )
174
175 A great observational astronomer, the last naked eye astronomer
176
177 Galileo ( )
178
179
180 1609 Telescope
181 1610 Observed 4 moons of Jupiter
182 Back to Tycho
183 Made remarkably accurate observations for 20 years
184 Knew about Copernicus
185 Arrived at his own theory
186
187 A hybrid model
188 Fits and predicts the observed data
189 Data Sharing
190
191 Kepler ( )
192
193 Why are there 6 planets?
194 Why are they so positioned?
195 Geometry and Perfect Solids
196
197 In 1601 Tycho bequeathed his data...
198 Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
199 Varying velocity
200 Elliptical Orbits
201 ...around the Sun
202 It was left to Newton to work out what held the planets in place and made them move...
203 History of Science?
204 We are wrong many many times before we are right
205 Progress happens when people leave their data and instruments behind
206 Ptolemy (90-168) Copernicus ( ) Tycho ( ) Galileo ( ) Kepler ( ) Newton ( )
207 Good science and good software assume you don't get it right at first
208 Leave your software (and your data) behind for your successors to build on
209 And if they can, you've done some good software engineering, and some good science
210 Ted Pedersen University of Minnesota, Duluth
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