Ted Pedersen. University of Minnesota, Duluth

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1 Ted Pedersen University of Minnesota, Duluth

2 The road from good software engineering

3 to good science

4 ...is a two way street...

5 Three Themes : Philosophy Interlude on Goodness Lessons from Science

6 Philosophy

7 Good

8

9 Good as in Quality

10 Fundamental Premise

11 Our community needs to think more about science, and about being able to reproduce results, and formulate theories that let us make predictions about language

12 The key to making that happen is making our software and data more usable, more available, and making such acts of sharing more central to our field

13 If we do that, our software engineering is pretty good

14 Science

15 Develop theories or models that let us make predictions about the world

16 Our world is language...

17 Good Science

18 are those methods that result in experimental findings that an independent observer can reproduce

19 Good Software Engineering

20 ...are those methods that result in software that anyone can use, anytime, anywhere...

21 ...to reproduce our results...

22 Experimental results that you publish are the test cases for your ideas

23 ...and your software...

24 Can't discount the role of software

25 ...although many try...

26 It's really the ideas that count...

27 Well, the algorithm is described in the paper...

28 It's really just a prototype...

29 Well, I got a new computer and I don't think the software made it to the new one...

30 Ummm... my student left and I don't quite know how he did all this...

31 Unacceptable

32 I did this experiment on X

33 Here are the results...

34 Accept them

35 No, the software isn't available

36 Neither is the data

37 I simply assume you have 8 months available to reinvent my method

38 And that you can do that from an incomplete description

39 Cheers!

40 That's many things...

41 It's not science

42 Empiricism is Not a Matter of Faith Computational Linguistics September 2008

43 Software and NLP

44

45

46 Good Software

47 Should Work

48 Anytime

49 Anywhere

50 For Anyone

51 ...and it should certainly work for you 6 months in the future

52 ...or 5 years from now...

53 ... it should work for others today, and 5 years from now...

54 ...even if you've moved on, aren't answering , and the project is over

55 If your software can do that, it's pretty well engineered

56 Will your software work in 40 years?

57 You should hope so...

58 Make choices that make that at least possible

59 Think of your software as a time capsule

60

61 Think of it as your chance for immortality

62

63 How many hours have you spent away from loved ones, friends, adventure, nature, romance, and life...

64 to create, test, and use software?

65 At least make it last...

66 Let someone 100 years from now unpack your code and data, and be able to read it, understand it, run it, and modify it

67 Let yourself be able to do the same thing in 10 years

68 If your software can do that, it's pretty well engineered

69 Will the Linux Kernel be available and running in X years?

70 There's a good chance

71 Company won't go out of business

72 ANSI C will be around for a long time

73 Virtualization will keep architectures alive even when hardware is gone

74 Make choices that give your code (and your legacy) a chance too

75 Don't rely on the newest priceiest weirdest goofball proprietary bleeding edge hardware and software

76

77

78 Don't hoard

79 Take advantage of public repositories which likely endure and proliferate

80 Think about who is included in your definition of anyone

81 ...with $200?

82 ...with $20,000

83 ...with a PhD in Computer Science?

84 ...and a staff of 10?

85 ...with 4 weeks available to debug?

86 ...and another 6 months to reimplement?

87 Interlude on Goodness

88 No matter how well engineered our software is...

89 Life will be hard and a bit cruel for many...

90 So be a little humble

91 Appreciate your good fortune

92 And push yourself a little harder

93 Think about what you can give back to the scientific community

94 Think about the people who fund your work

95 and I don't mean government project managers, legislators, or corporate titans

96

97 Appreciate our good fortune

98 Live up to the trust that is given us almost without question

99 And make sure we end up making some progress

100 Good Science

101 Produce theories that make reliable predictions about the world

102 Experiments are described in such a way that the results can be conveniently and reliably reproduced

103 Anytime

104 Anywhere

105 By Anyone

106 Gravity

107 A Good Theory

108 Works now

109 Will work in 10 years

110 Works here

111 Works on the moon

112 Works for me

113 Works for you

114 Gravity is a force, not an artifact

115 Telescope

116 Works anytime, anywhere, for anyone

117 The old ones still work

118

119 We share the big ones...

120

121 If we have access to the same resources, we can reproduce each other's results

122 We need to work a lot harder (and engineer systems a lot better) to make that happen

123 Not convinced?

124 Conduct the following experiment

125 Randomly select 1 of your papers

126 Reproduce your results

127 If you can't...

128 Do you think anyone else can?

129 What if nobody could have reproduced Galileo's falling objects experimental results? Would we simply believe?

130 They barely believed him at the time

131 If your software can reproduce your results, its pretty well engineered

132 Lessons from Science

133 We don't get it right the first time

134 If I have seen further it is only by standing on the shoulders of giants

135

136 (who were mostly wrong)

137 "Reports that say that something hasn't happened are always interesting to me, because as we know, there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns -- the ones we don't know we don't know."

138

139 We don't get it right the first time

140 Aristotle ( BC)

141 There are 4 elements

142 The heavens are different

143 Different rules apply

144 Before the telescope, the heavens really were different

145 Other planets were balls of fire, like the stars, like the sun

146

147 Ptolemy (90 168)

148

149

150 Crazy?

151 Very reliably predicts the movement of heavenly bodies

152 Instrumentalist

153 A theory that reliably explains and predicts the existing data

154 Realistic

155 A theory that describes things as they really are

156

157

158 Copernicus ( )

159

160 Wasn't much of an observer

161

162 Found Ptolmey's model overly complicated

163 Wanted a simpler explanation

164 ...that was more heavenly

165 Came up with another model that was consistent with Ptolmey's data

166

167 Great!

168 (Well, better)

169 Uniform Motion

170 Perfect circles

171

172

173 Tycho Brahe ( )

174

175 A great observational astronomer, the last naked eye astronomer

176

177 Galileo ( )

178

179

180 1609 Telescope

181 1610 Observed 4 moons of Jupiter

182 Back to Tycho

183 Made remarkably accurate observations for 20 years

184 Knew about Copernicus

185 Arrived at his own theory

186

187 A hybrid model

188 Fits and predicts the observed data

189 Data Sharing

190

191 Kepler ( )

192

193 Why are there 6 planets?

194 Why are they so positioned?

195 Geometry and Perfect Solids

196

197 In 1601 Tycho bequeathed his data...

198 Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

199 Varying velocity

200 Elliptical Orbits

201 ...around the Sun

202 It was left to Newton to work out what held the planets in place and made them move...

203 History of Science?

204 We are wrong many many times before we are right

205 Progress happens when people leave their data and instruments behind

206 Ptolemy (90-168) Copernicus ( ) Tycho ( ) Galileo ( ) Kepler ( ) Newton ( )

207 Good science and good software assume you don't get it right at first

208 Leave your software (and your data) behind for your successors to build on

209 And if they can, you've done some good software engineering, and some good science

210 Ted Pedersen University of Minnesota, Duluth

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