Effect of Seed Priming with Different Concentration of GA 3, IAA and Kinetin on Azarshahr Onion Germination and Seedling Growth

Transcription

1 ي J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(3) , 22 22, TextRoad Publication ISSN Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research Effect of Seed Priming with Different Concentration of GA 3, IAA and Kinetin on Azarshahr Onion Germination and Seedling Growth M. Yarnia *, E. Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi 2 Associate prof. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. 2 Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. ABSTRACT This experiment was seed germination and seedling growth Azarshahr red cultivar onion with 3 hormones IAA, GA 3 and Kinetin. Pre-treatment on split-plot factorial based RCD with 3 replications evaluated. Treatments were: time duration pre-treatment for seed on 3 levels (6, 2 and 8 hours), different levels hormones concentration by pre-treatment in 6 levels concentration ( -2, -4, -6, -8, - mol. and control) for application pre-treatment IAA, GA 3 and Kinetin used. Results showed that there are significant differences on some attitude. Pre-treatment GA 3 root growth than control increased but IAA, Kinetin caused decreasing root length. Treatment with all of hormones concentration shoot length and seedling than pre-treatment control decreased. Pre-treatment with minimum concentration hormone caused increasing germination percent than control and maximum germination percent by pre-treatment IAA achievement. Germination rate range was same by similar hormones with germination percent, germination time by seed priming decreased also. Different hormones treatment seedling dry weight decreased. Maximum seedling dry weight led to pre-treatment with - 2 mol. IAA. Maximum seedling dry weight achieved by -, -2 by Kinetin and GA 3 respectively. Maximum seedling length and component observed by 6 hours priming and maximum germination percent and seedling dry weight by hours priming achievement. According this experiment can define that pre-treatment onion seed by hormones especially GA 3 and IAA caused germination power and relative growth rate seedling and earlier beginning production with germination time and dry matter assimilate in seedling organ for useful using from agricultural inputs in growth primary stage supplied that in the end production and growth caused. Onion seed germination and seedling growth parameters can be increased by application of plant growth regulators. KEYWORDS: priming, hormone, germination, Onion. INTRODUCTION Some biological and non-biological stress affect seedling establishment in terms of reduced germination in farm. Priming is one of the effective strategies to overcome drought stress [9]. Seed priming before germination is said to let the seeds establish root, but not appears [3]. Seed priming caused physiological and biochemical changes before germination [2]. DNA, RNA transcription and protein synthetics increased the growth of embryos and seeds will increase, part of the repair of damaged seeds gives the metabolites and secretions reduces [8]. Priming seed before germination that caused hydration in seed but not roots appear. Priming is simple, cheap and safe for environment []. Prior studies showed that seed priming successfully affect complex interactions. Priming factors are priming period, temperature, seed vigor, dehydration and primed seed storage [6]. Priming can do different methods for example: Hydropriming, Osmopriming, Polietylinghlycon, Potassium salts and Hormones [7].Priming caused rapid seedling appearance, that can product strong plants. In besides improving percentage seedling appears can help to plant population better [9]. Germination potential, germination and seedling growth in Triticale seed increased by hormone priming. Researchers reported that priming increases the power of rice seeds, corn, peas seeds and leading to rapid establishment, early flowering and high yield [5]. Phytohormones suggested playing important roles in stress responses and adaptation [6]. The exogenous application of PGRs, auxins [3], gibberellins [], cytokinins [9] produces some benefit in alleviating the adverse effects of salt stress and also improves germination, growth, development and seed yields and yield quality [7]. IAA plays a major role on regulating plant growth. For example, it controls vascular tissue development, cell elongation, and apical dominance [8]. Akbari et al. [2] showed that application of auxin increased hypocotyls length, seedling fresh and dry weigh and hypocotyls dry weight of the three cultivars of wheat plants. Cytokinins (CKs) regulate several plant growth aspects and developmental processes, including cell division, apical dominance, chloroplast biogenesis, nutrient mobilization, leaf senescence, vascular *Corresponding Author: M. Yarnia, Associate prof. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. yarnia@iaut.ac.ir and m.yarnia@yahoo.com 2657

2 Yarnia and Tabrizi, 22 differentiation, photomorphogenic development, shoot differentiation and anthocyanin production [5]. Exogenous application of kinetin resulted in increased growth of chickpea seedlings [4]. Gibberellins (GAs) are generally involved in growth and development. They control seed germination, leaf expansion, stem elongation and flowering. GA3-priming-induced increase in wheat grain yield was attributed to the GA3-priming-induced modulation of ions uptake and partitioning (within shoots and roots) and hormones homeostasis under saline conditions []. In another study, wheat seeds, after treatment with various growth regulators including GA3, showed highest percent germination when treated with 2 mg/l GA3 [4]. The aim this experimental was evaluation Onion seed priming by hormones on germination and seedling growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research has been done at laboratory and green houses of agricultural campus of Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch located at 38 3 / N and / E, 36 meters altitude. Treatments were evaluate priming by GA 3, Kinetin and IAA in different stages and concentration on germination and seedling growth in Azarshahr onion cultivar on randomized complete block base factorial design in 4 replications. Treatments were: ) Priming time for seeds (6, 2 and 8 hours), 2) Hormones different concentration levels in 6 levels ( -2, -4, -6, -8, - mol) and control 3) Hormones type for pretreatment includes (GA 3, Kinetin and IAA). Onion seed put in hormons soluation for defyined time and after then dried in labratory tempeture. Onion germination test was done in petri dish in lab germinator based on ISTA rules for 2 days. Seeds of onion were sterilized, placed on double filter paper (Whatman No.2) in petri dishes and watered with ml of aqueous hormones concentrations and control. Fifty healthy onion seed put in petri dishes. Root and shoot, seedling and dry weight in 3, 7 and day measured. MSTATC and Excel 23 were used in data analysis and drawing of graph, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Analysis of variance showed that hormones type, time of seed priming and hormone concentration had significant effect in root, seedling length, germination percent and seedling dry weight (p<, 5%) (table ). Table : Analysis of variance of different treatments S.O.V df Mean Square Germination percent Seedling length Root length Seedling dry weight Hormone ** * Time of Priming ** 4.5* 7.3*.59* T P **.4* Hormone ** 79.8** 82.4* 2.3** Concentration H C 23.24* **.38 T C 975.9** H T C *.22 Error CV % Highest root length was produced by -4 mole GA 3 equal 5.8 mm. That was 26.3 percent higher than control. Increasing GA 3 concentration to -2 decreased root length but lower concentration than -4 hadn t significant effect on root growth. IAA and Kinetin prevented root growth more than control condition. Highest root length in control condition achieves. Increasing concentration increased inhibiting effect. -2 mole of IAA and Kinetin decreased and 8.86 percent than control, respectively (Figure ). Priming by 6, 2 and 8 hours with hormones increased germination percentage. Maximum germination percentage was equal 98 % by GA 3 priming time 8 hours (Figure 2). Highest dry weight equal.993 g achieved by - mole IAA and priming by GA 3 and Kinetin as -8 and - mole concentration. Priming with IAA, Kinetin and GA 3, increased dry weight equal 32.4,.72 and 8.24 percent, respectively (Figure 3). Maximum seedling dry weight achieved by priming with 8 hours (Figure 4). The highest seedling length (95 mm) achieved by control which had not difference with - mole GA 3, the least seedling length obtained by -2 and -4 mole of all hormones (Figure 5). Increasing priming time from 6 to 8 hours increased seedling length. GA 3 produced longest seedling length (Figure 6). 2658

3 2659 J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(3) , 22 S eedling Dry Weight S eedling L en gth (m m ) R o o t L e n g th (m m ) Control. mole. mole. mole. mole. mole Figure : effect different hormones on root length Control. mole. mole. mole. mole. mole Figure 3: effect different hormones on seedling dry weigh Control. mole. mole. mole. mole. mole Figure 5: Effect of different hormones on seedling length G e rm i n a tio n p e rc e n t (% ) Seedling Dry W eight (g ) S e ed lin g len g th (m m ) IAA: y = 5.5x + 49 R 2 =.9276 GA3: y = x + 7 R 2 =.8929 Kinetin: y =.5x R 2 = Figure 2: Effect of time seed priming by hormones on germination percent y =.65x +.29 R 2 = Figure 4: Effect of time seed priming on seedling dry weight GA3: y =.5x + 52 R 2 =.954 Kinetin: y = 9.5x + 25 R 2 =.953 IAA: y = 28.5x - R 2 =.999 Figure 6: Effect of time priming on seedling length Decrease unit of IAA and Kinetin concentrations increased 8.3 and 4 unit of onion seedling length respectively, but decrease unit of GA 3 concentrations decreased.48 unit of onion seedling length (Figure 7). Decrease unit of IAA and Kinetin concentrations increased.3 and.29 unit of onion seedling dry weight respectively, but decrease unit of GA 3 concentrations decreased.53 unit of onion seedling dry weight (Figure 8). Seedling length (mm) y = 8.3x R 2 =.4266 IAA. IAA. IAA. IAA Concentration IAA. IAA. S e e dlin g le ngth (m m ) K-. y = 4x R 2 =.696 K-. K-. Kinetin Concentration K-. K-. Figure 7: Effect of hormones concentration on onion seedling length liner regression Ro o t L en t g h (m m ) GA3-. GA3-. GA3-. GA3-Concentration y = -.48x R 2 =.7 GA3-. GA3-.

4 Yarnia and Tabrizi, 22 S e e d l in g D r y W e ig h t ( g ) IAA. Conclusion IAA. IAA. IAA concentration y =.3x +.92 R 2 =.726 IAA. IAA. Seeling Dry Weight (g) K-. y =.29x R 2 =.848 K-. K-. K-. Kinetin Concentration K-. Seedling Dry Weight (g) GA3-. GA3-. y = -.53x R 2 =.77 GA3-. GA3 Concentration Figure 8: Effect of hormones concentration on onion seedling dry weight liner regression GA3-. GA3-. It can be concluded that seed priming with auxin, kinetin and gibberellin increase germination attributes. The Optimal concentration of IAA, Kinetin and GA 3 for increasing of onion seedling dry weight was -2, - and -2 mole, respectively. With increasing priming time in all of hormones increased onion seed germination. Therefore, onion seed germination and seedling growth parameters can be increased by application of plant growth regulators. REFERENCES - Afzal, I., S. Basra, and A. Iqbal, 25. The Effect of Seed Soaking With Plant Growth Regulators on Seedling Vigor of Wheat Under Salinity Stress. J. Stress Physiol Biochem. : Akbari, G., S.A. Sanavy, S. Yousefzadeh, 27. Effect of Auxin and Salt stress (NaCl) on Seed Germination of Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan J Biol Sci : Basra, S.M.A., I.A. Pannu, and I. Afzal, 23. Evaluation of Seedling Vigor of Hydro and Matriprimed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seeds. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology. 5(2): Boucaud, J., and I.A. Ungar, 976. Hormonal Control of Germination Under Saline Conditions of Three Halophyte Taxa in Genus Suaeda. Physiol Plant. 36: Davies, P.J., 24. Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action. Kluwer Academic Press, the Netherlands. 6- Dezfuli, P.M., F. Sharif-zadeh, and M. Janmohammadi, 28. Influence of Priming Techniques on Seed Germination Behavior of Maize Inbred Lines (Zea mays L.). ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 3(3): Egamberdieva, D., 29 Alleviation of Salt Stress by Plant Growth Regulators and IAA Producing Bacteria in Wheat. Acta Physiol Plant, 3: Ghassemi-Golezani, K., P. Sheikhzadeh- Mosaddeg, and M. Valizadeh, 28. Effect of Hydropriming Duration and Limited Irrigation on Field Performance of Chickpea. Research Journal of Seed Science. (): Gul, B., M.A. Khan, D.J. Weber, 2. Alleviation Salinity and Dark Enforced Dormancy in Allenrolfea occidentalis Seeds under Various Thermoperiods. Aust J Bot. 48: Igbal, M., and M. Ashraf, 26. Wheat Seed Priming in Relation to Salt Tolerance: Growth Yield and Levels of Free Salcylic Acid and Polyamines. Ann. Bot. Fennici. 43: Iqbal, M., and M. Ashraf, 2. Gibberellic Acid Mediated Induction of Salt Tolerance in Wheat Plants: Growth, Ionic Partitioning, Photosynthesis, Yield and Hormonal Homeostasis. Environ. Exp. Bot. doi:.6/j.envexpbot Jaskani, M.J., S.W. Kwon, D.H. Kim, and H. Abbas, 26. Seed Treatments and Orientation Affects Germination and Seedling Emergence in Tetraploid Watermelon. Pak. J. Bot., 38(): Khan, M.A., B. Gul, and D.J. Weber, 24. Action of Plant Growth Regulators and Salinity on Seed Germination of Ceratoides lanata. Can. J. Bot. 82: Nayyar, H., D.P. Walia, and B.L. Kaistha, 995. Performance of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seed Primed With Growth Regulators. Indian J. Agr. Sci. 65:

5 J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(3) , Rashid, A., P. Hollington, D. Harris, and P. Khana, 26. On-farm Seed Priming for Barley on Normal, Saline and Saline Sodic Soils in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Europ. J. Agronomy. 24: Sharma, N., S.R. Abrams, and D.R. Waterer, 25. Uptake, Movement, Activity, and Persistence of an Abscisic Acid Analog (8 Acetylene ABA Methyl Ester) in Marigold and Tomato. J. Plant Growth Regul 24: Subedi, K.D., and B.L. Ma, 25. Seed Priming Does Not Improve Corn Yield in a Humid Temperate Environment. Agron. J. 97: Wang, Y., S. Mopper, and K.H. Hasentein, 2. Effects of Salinity on Endogenous ABA, IAA, JA, and SA in Iris hexagona. J. Chem. Ecol. 27: Yagmur, M. and D. Kaydan, 28. Alleviation of oosmotic Stress of Water and Salt in Germination and Seedling Growth of Triticale With Seed Priming Treatments. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7(3):