Mantle Dynamics and Geochemical Cycle: What can Ocean Drilling contribute?
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1 Mantle Dynamics and Geochemical Cycle: What can Ocean Drilling contribute? Geochemical Cycle: input and output Subduction Factory Carbon Transfer at Deep Mantle Diamond in Oceanic Mantle? Carbon/Water Cycle and Ocean Drilling Y. Tatsumi (IFREE/JAMSTEC)
2 Geochemical Cycle in the Earth s Interior Input: Subduction zones Output: Arcs, Hotspots, MORs
3 H 2 O Cycle in Subduction Zone Hydration at MOR Dehydration at SZ Earthquakes Magmatism Massive Hydration at Outer Rise, plate bending region immediately before its subduction
4 Low-V Uppermost Mantle at Outer Rise Massive hydration under tensional regime?
5 Effect of massive H 2 O supply IODP ISP(2003) Seismogenic processe Shallow C-H cycles Magmatic processes Deep water transfer
6 Subduction Factory Raw materials Oceanic material: sediments + MORB Mantle wedge material Products Magma/Volcanoes Volatiles Continental crust Wastes Chemically modified sediment Chemically modified/fresh MORB Anti-continent
7 Continental Crust: a product of SubFac Continental Crust: - occupies less than 1% of the total mass of the solid Earth - is a characteristic reservoir of light elements - should provide the key to decoding the Earth evolution - shows an intermediate, andesitic average composition - could thus have been created at subduction zones However, arc primary magma is generally basaltic, not andesitic!!
8 Oceanic Arc: a site of CC formation? Created on the oceanic crust with no contribution of the pre-existing continental crust General distribution of the middle crust with km/s Vp Vp identical to average Vp of CC Kodaira et al. (2008)
9 Arc Crust Evolution & CC-ACC Formation Simultaneous formation of CC & Anti-CC Tatsumi et al. (2008)
10 SubFac Wastes Dehydrated, chemically modified oceanic crust sediments anti-continent Fate of SubFac wastes?
11 Fate of SubFac Wastes No stagnation Stagnant Slab
12 Fate of SubFac Wastes Accumulation of A-C at the base of the mantle
13 Anti-Continent: A major component of D layer? Existing continent: km 3 CC: 20% melting of IBC Accumulated A-C: km 3 200km layer above CMB D layer: Reservoir of A-C?
14 Stability of Carbonates in SubFac Wastes: Sediments ± MORB MgCO3 + SiO2 = MgSiO3 + CO2 CaCO3 + SiO2 = CaSiO3 + CO2 CO2 release Oganov, Ono et al. (2008) Carbonates + SiO 2 in Sed/MORB is stable in the whole mantle Possible CO 2 release at the base of mantle
15 Stability of Carbonates in SubFac Wastes: Anti-continent, peridotites ± MORB CaCO3 + MgSiO3 = CaSiO3 + MgCO3 Mg-carbonate stable Ca-carbonate stable Oganov, Ono et al. (2008) Mg-carbonate is more stable than Ca-carbonate
16 Stability of Carbonates in SubFac Wastes: Peridotites CaCO 3 + MgO = MgCO 3 + CaO CaCO3 + MgO is stable Oganov, Ono et al. (2008) Carbonates are stable in the whole mantle along goetherm but unstable and release CO 2 at higher T, i.e., close to CMB.
17 Carbon Transfer at CMB Carbonates ReXtallization CO 2 are release of stable cabonates at in CMB sinking at ascending higher SubFac T wastes plume
18 Geochemical Cycle in the Earth s Interior Input: Subduction zones Output: Arcs, Hotspots, MORs
19 Mantle Geochemical Reservoirs 3 enriched reservoirs in the deep mantle vs. 3 wastes from SubFac
20 Isotopic Evolution of SubFac Wastes Dehydrated Sediments EMII Dehydrated Oceanic Crust HIMU Anti- Continent EMI
21 Subduction Factory Raw Materials oceanic sediments & crust mantle wedge peridotite Operating as zero-emission factory Products magmas & volcanoes continental crust Waste Materials Anti-continent chemically modified sediments + crust Recycle Mantle Plume Sources (EM1, EM2, HIMU)
22 Oceanic Crust and its Source Shallow mantle origin of OC via passive mantle upwelling
23 Shallow upwelling beneath MOR Plate divergence Passive upwelling of asthenospheric mantle Hammond & Toomey (2003)
24 Ophiolite: obducted oceanic crust Lithologies similar to an inferred oceanic crust Fossil crust/mantle of the ocean floor
25 Diamond from Ophiolites Diamonds: high-p carbon found exclusively from kimberlites in continents Diamond & high-p C-bearing minerals from ophiolites Deep Mantle Origin for Oceanic Mantle??
26 Scientific Ocean Drilling Towards Comprehending C-H Cycle Stagnant Slab Mantle Plume Delaminated Anti-continent
27 H 2 0 Cycle and Earthquake/Magmatism Dehydratio n Outer Rise Hydration Stagnant Slab Mantle Plume Delaminated Anti-continent
28 Carbon Cycle and Sub-Oceanic Mantle Diamond C-Precipitation Stagnant Slab High-P Carbon Accumulation Recycled Diamond Mantle Plume Delaminated Anti-continent Core-C Flux
29 Chikyu Missions: MoHole Nature/Origin of Mantle Carbon Mohole
30 Chikyu Missions: Outer Rise Massive Hydration Outer Rise Mohole
31 Chikyu Missions: SZ Complex SZC Seismogenic Shallow C-H Outer Rise Mohole
32 Chikyu Missions: Arc Crust SZC Outer Rise CC Formation Deep C-H Cycle Mohole Arc Crust
33 Sail together towards understanding C-H cycle in Earth system Seeking for diamond and peridot m( ^_^ )m
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