Radioactivity. Lecture 1 Environmental and Societal Implications. Michael Wiescher
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1 Radioactivity Lecture 1 Environmental and Societal Implications Michael Wiescher
2 Radioactivity has a fear factor Beginning from the days of cold war and the nuclear test program More than 2000 Nuclear Weapons Tests , with major emission of radioactivity into the atmosphere
3
4 Michael Wiescher NSH 181 A more multi-facetted picture of Jacob Allen NSH 103
5 What will we cover - the painful stuff first! 1. The phenomenon of radioactivity 1.1. The discovery of radioactivity 1.2. The physics of radioactive decay 1.3. The laws and detection of radioactivity 1.4. Natural and induced radioactivity 1.5. Dosimetry and exposure limits 1.6. The biological impact of radioactivity
6 Henri Becquerel Scientific heroes Conrad Wilhelm Röntgen Otto Hahn Marie Skłodowska Curie (Madame Curie) Ernest Rutherford Enrico Fermi Robert Oppenheimer Pierre Curie George de Hevesy Liese Meitner
7 The features and laws Pitchblende New elements Isotopes Decay law Detection Quantifying Assessing
8 Radiation Sources
9 Radiation Detection
10 Dosimetry
11 What will follow - from astro- to geo- to bioscience! 2. The origin of radioactivity 2.1. The origin of the elements 2.2. The radioactive universe 2.3. The radioactive earth 2.4. Geological implications and consequences 2.5. The human radioactivity cycle 2.6. The origin and evolution of life
12 Galactic Chemical Evolution
13 The origins of the heavy elements
14 The Origin of the Solar System Gravitational contraction of pre-solar cloud possibly initiated by near by supernova ( 60 Ni as decay product of 60 Fe, t 1/2 =2.6Ma). Dust clusters to rocks, rocks cluster to planetesimals, planetesimals cluster to planets. Lots of violent interaction in the early solar system when orbits around the sun intersect and rocks, planetesimals, and planets scatter around during the early 1 Billion years of the solar system.
15 Early Earth Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core Hadean Period
16 Expedition Underground Radioactivity underground Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules Verne Kurf Surf Borexino
17 Geothermal Heat
18 Human Radioactivity
19 Consequences? Mutation Evolution Death Cancer Death Depends on radiation dose (radiation sickness) Depends on radiation damage Depends on enzyme repair mechanisms Depends on natural selection (survivability) Alexander Litvinenko,
20 Godzilla the ultimate mutant
21 Origin of life Astrobiological radiogenic origins Water, carbon, energy & nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur Environmental chemical origins Geological chemical origins
22 From Geocene to Anthropocene 3. The environmental impact of radioactivity 3.1. Atmospheric Radioactivity 3.2. Radioactivity in agriculture 3.3. Radioactivity in building materials 3.4. Radioactivity and natural resources 3.5. Radioactivity and renewable energy 3.6. Radioactivity and nuclear energy
23 Cosmogenic Radioactivity Bombardment of the atmosphere by intense high energetic particle radiation (electrons, protons, and heavy elements) produced and accelerated by the magnetic field of the sun (solar activity cycle) and by distant cataclysmic events such as supernovae.
24 Radon exposure from mines to buildings Radon is a noble gas, it s radioactive components 220, 222 Rn are produced as part of the natural decay chain. Radon gas cannot be chemically bound, it diffuses into soil or bedrock and into basements of buildings where it accumulates and can be inhaled, potentially causing lung cancer by subsequent emission of it s decay products, breaking DNA bonds.
25 Anthropogenic radioactivity Anthropogenic enhancement Nuclear energy Coal Mining Building Traffic and exhaust Fall-out, cooling water Fertilizer
26 Should we, can we, must we live with it? 4. Societal impact of radioactivity 4.1. Radioactivity in the industrial production process 4.2. Radioactivity in the art market 4.3. Radioactivity and homeland security 4.4. Radioactivity and medical applications 4.5. Radioactivity in war 4.6. Radioactivity and fear
27 Radioactivity in Industry Oil Search Nuclear Energy Fire Safety Material Analysis Food Irradiation Quality Control Solar Panels
28 Radioactivity as human tool in art XRF and PIXE analysis Radiocarbon dating Pb Fe Co Ca
29 Radioactivity in homeland security
30 Nuclear bomb tests Nuclear medicine
31 Nuclear Nightmare triggers nuclear fears
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