MIDW 125 Math Review and Equation Sheet
|
|
- Melvyn Robinson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MIDW 125 Math Review and Equation Sheet 1. The Metric System Measures of weight are based on the gram (g): 1 kilogram = 1 kg = 1000 gram = 1000 g = 10 3 g 1 milligram = 1 mg = 10 3 g 1 microgram = 1 g = 10 6 g 1 nanogram = 1 ng = 10 9 g Measures of volume are based on the litre (L): 1 millilitre = 1 ml = 10 3 L 1 microlitre = 1 L = 10 6 L 1 nanolitre = 1 nl = 10 9 L 2. Logarithms You will use logarithms (logs) for the Henderson Hasselbach equation and for solving some PK problems - uses a base of 10 ( a is 10 in the examples below) - we assume log is the same as log 10 - you can also take the antilog of a number - be sure you can locate these buttons/functions on your calculator log a b = c a c = b log (10) = = 10 log (100) = = 100 antilog (x) = 10 x You will use natural logarithms (ln) for solving some PK problems - uses the base e where e is an irrational constant equal to there are several (very complicated) ways to calculate e. For your purposes what is important is that you know the series of buttons to push on your calculator to get the result. This involves taking the anti natural logarithm of 1 (the inverse (inv) function may be useful). log e (x) = ln(x) ln(e) = 1 e 1 =e ln(1) = 0 e 0 =1
2 3. Weak acids / Weak bases Acid a proton (hydrogen ion, H + ) donor Base a proton (hydrogen ion, H + ) acceptor Most drugs are weak acids or weak bases. In an aqueous environment such as body fluids, blood and plasma, weak acids and bases exist in equilibrium (ie they fluctuate) between the protonated and unprotonated forms as shown below: Weak acid: HA H + + A Weak base: B + H + BH + Although HA and A are both forms of the acid they behave differently. The uncharged (unionized) HA form is able to diffuse cross lipid membranes (ie be absorbed), whereas the charged (ionized) A form cannot. Conversely, the charged (ionized) A form is water soluble and is readily excreted in the urine whereas the uncharged (unionized) HA form is not. Similarly, although B and BH + are both forms of the base they behave differently. The uncharged (unionized) B form is able to diffuse cross lipid membranes (ie be absorbed), whereas the charged (ionized) BH + form cannot. Conversely, the charged (ionized) BH + form is water soluble and is readily excreted in the urine whereas the uncharged (unionized) B form is not. The ph of the environment in which the acid or base (drug) is located determines the relative amount of each form that is present. - In an acidic environment (high H + concentration) the equilibrium will shift to favour greater amounts of the protonated HA and BH + forms. - In a basic environment (low H + concentration) the equilibrium will shift to favour greater amounts of the unprotonated A and B forms. 4. Henderson Hasselbach Equation For both acids and bases: ph = pka + log [Unprotonated form] [Protonated form] ** Memory Aid: UP to remember Unprotonated over Protonated ** Note: Ka is the dissociation constant (inherent property of the drug can look it up in a reference book) and pka = log Ka
3 a) For weak acids: Dissociation equation: HA H + + A H H equation: ph = pka + log [A ] [HA] [A ] = ionized or excreted portion of drug [HA] = unionized or absorbed portion of drug To find the percentage of A or HA: antilog (ph pka) = [A ] = x which is the same as [A ] = _x_ [HA] [HA] 1 Since the only forms present are A and HA: % HA = HA_ x 100 = _1_ x 100 A + HA x + 1 % A = A x 100 = _x_ x 100 A + HA x + 1 b) For weak bases: Dissociation equation: BH + B + H + H H equation: ph = pka + log [B]_ [BH + ] [BH + ] = ionized or excreted portion of drug [B] = unionized or absorbed portion of drug To find the percentage of B or BH + : antilog (ph pka) = [B] = x which is the same as [B] = _x_ [BH + ] [BH + ] 1 Since the only forms present are B and BH + : % B = B x 100 = _x_ x 100 B + BH + x + 1 % BH + = _BH + x 100 = _1_ x 100 B + BH + x + 1
4 5. Pharmacokinetic Equations a) Body fluid compartments: Total body water (TBW) = 42 L Intracellular volume ~ 28 L Extracellular volume ~ 14 L Interstitial volume ~ 10 L Plasma volume ~ 4 L b) Volume of distribution: Remember that unless a drug specifically distributes to one of the physiological fluid compartments stated above, Vd is not necessarily a real, physiological entity. Rather, it is a proportionality constant that relates the concentration of drug measured in the plasma/blood to the amount of drug initially given. Vd = Dose / Concentration c) Concentration time equations: Exponential form: C t = C 0 e kt Linear form: ln C t = kt + ln C 0 The linear form gives a straight line graph where the y axis intercept = ln C 0 (use this to solve for C 0 ) and the slope = k. d) Half life: t ½ = 0.693/k Assumptions: it takes ~5 half lives for a drug to washout (be 97% eliminated) once administration is stopped, and ~5 half lives for drug to reach a steady state concentration (C ss ) if administered at repeat intervals approximating the half life.
5 Derivation of the half life equation for your interest only: lnc t = kt + lnc 0 ln(c t /C 0 ) = kt multiply through by 1 ln(c 0 /C t ) = kt when t = t ½ C t = ½C 0 or C 0 = 2C t ln(2c t /C t ) = kt ½ ln2 = kt ½ t ½ = ln2/k = 0.693/k
Acid-Base Properties of Drugs
Acid-Base Properties of Drugs Printer-friendly The Henderson-Hasselbach Equation 1 2 3 4 5 6 The use of conjugate acid/conjugate base terminology is expedient for the purpose of deriving a most useful
More informationThe general concept of pharmacokinetics
The general concept of pharmacokinetics Hartmut Derendorf, PhD University of Florida Pharmacokinetics the time course of drug and metabolite concentrations in the body Pharmacokinetics helps to optimize
More informationGeneral Phenomena: Law of mass action, dissociation of water, ph, buffers
General Phenomena: Law of mass action, dissociation of water, ph, buffers Ionization of Water, Weak Acids and Weak Bases Many properties of water can be explained in terms of uncharged H 2 O molecule Small
More informationPHA 4123 First Exam Fall On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment.
PHA 4123 First Exam Fall 1998 On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid in doing this assignment. TYPED KEY Name Question 1. / pts 2. /2 pts 3. / pts 4. / pts. / pts 6. /10 pts 7.
More informationPhysical-Chemistry Factors Affecting Oral Absorption. Objectives. ph - Partition Theory. 27 September Chapter 23 1
Physical-Chemistry Factors Affecting Oral Absorption Objectives Understand the physical-chemical factors that affect oral absorption Understand the ph-partition hypothesis as it applies to drug absorption
More informationAppendix A. Common Mathematical Operations in Chemistry
Appendix A Common Mathematical Operations in Chemistry In addition to basic arithmetic and algebra, four mathematical operations are used frequently in general chemistry: manipulating logarithms, using
More informationPrinciples Of Acid-Base Balance
Principles Of Acid-Base Balance I. Introduction A. For normal body function the free H+ concentration [H+] or ph must be kept within a narrow normal range. Some reasons why: 1. The proton "pump" within
More informationCHEMISTRY - BURDGE-ATOMS FIRST 3E BONUS: MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION When you multiply values in scientific notation you the coefficients and the exponents. (A 10 x ) (B 10 y ) = When you divide values in scientific
More informationLast week, we discussed the Brønsted Lowry concept of acids and bases. According to this model:
Last week, we discussed the Brønsted Lowry concept of acids and bases This model is not limited to aqueous solutions; it can be extended to reactions in the gas phase! According to this model: Acids are
More informationPHAR 7633 Chapter 12 Physical-Chemical Factors Affecting Oral Absorption
PHAR 7633 Chapter 12 Physical-Chemical Factors Affecting Oral Absorption Physical-Chemical Factors Affecting Oral Absorption Student Objectives for this Chapter After completing the material in this chapter
More informationNonlinear pharmacokinetics
5 Nonlinear pharmacokinetics 5 Introduction 33 5 Capacity-limited metabolism 35 53 Estimation of Michaelis Menten parameters(v max andk m ) 37 55 Time to reach a given fraction of steady state 56 Example:
More informationWhere does Physical Chemistry fit into your course in Dentistry?
Where does Physical Chemistry fit into your course in Dentistry? Acidogenic bacteria in dental plaque can rapidly metabolise certain carbohydrates to acid endproducts. In the mouth, the resultant change
More informationAcid-Base Properties
TAMMAR H. Ali Lecture 1 Course No. 326 Faculty of Pharmacy University Of Al-Muthanna 1 Physicochemical Principles of Drug Action Physicochemical Principles of Drug Action To design better drugs: Molecular
More informationHomework 1 (PHA 5127)
Homework 1 (PHA 5127) 1. The elimination rate constant of a drug is 1 hr -1 : k e =1 hr -1 A. Half-life: t 1/2 = ln(2)/k e = 0.693/1 hr -1 = 0.693 hr B. C 1 =5ng/ml First-order elimination: k e = (ln(c
More informationMath 180 Chapter 4 Lecture Notes. Professor Miguel Ornelas
Math 80 Chapter 4 Lecture Notes Professor Miguel Ornelas M. Ornelas Math 80 Lecture Notes Section 4. Section 4. Inverse Functions Definition of One-to-One Function A function f with domain D and range
More informationBuffered and Isotonic Solutions
Physical Pharmacy Lecture 8 Buffered and Isotonic Solutions Assistant Lecturer in Pharmaceutics Overview Buffered Solutions Definition Buffer Equation Buffer Capacity Buffer in Biological Systems Pharmaceutical
More informationChapter 2 Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions
Chapter 2 Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions SUMMARY Section 2.1 Water is a polar molecule, with a partial negative charge on the oxygen and partial positive charges on the hydrogens. There are
More information10/16/17 ACIDS AND BASES, DEFINED WATER IS AMPHOTERIC OUTLINE. 9.1 Properties of Acids and Bases. 9.2 ph. 9.3 Buffers
ACIDS AND BASES, DEFINED A hydrogen atom contains a proton and an electron, thus a hydrogen ion (H + ) is a proton: Acids: Proton (H + ) transfer between molecules is the basis of acid/base chemistry Ø
More informationBIOC 460 General Chemistry Review: Chemical Equilibrium, Ionization of H 2 O, ph, pk a
BIOC 460 General Chemistry Review: Chemical Equilibrium, Ionization of H 2 O, ph, pk a General Equilibrium: What are the UNITS of K eq? Example reactions: A --> B units of K eq? A --> B + C units of K
More informationSKKU Physical Pharmacy Laboratory 성균관대학교물리약학연구실
The Buffer Equation Buffer Capacity Buffers in pharmaceutical and Biologic Systems Buffered Isotonic Solutions Methods of Adjusting Tonicity and ph - Solutions which resist changes in ph when small quantities
More informationChemistry 112 Midterm January 30, 2006
1. (35 points) The reaction of A and B to form products is thought to go according to the following mechanism: A + 2B 2C + D k -1 2C 2C 2C + M k 2 k 3 k 4 G H J + M (a) (5) Identify the products in this
More informationAbdullah Zreqat. Laith Abu Shekha. Mamoun Ahram
2 Abdullah Zreqat Laith Abu Shekha Mamoun Ahram In this sheet we will talk about carbon, water, acid and bases. Carbon: Carbon is the only element that can form so many different compounds because each
More informationAcid-Base Titration Solution Key
Key CH3NH2(aq) H2O(l) CH3NH3 (aq) OH - (aq) Kb = 4.38 x 10-4 In aqueous solution of methylamine at 25 C, the hydroxide ion concentration is 1.50 x 10-3 M. In answering the following, assume that temperature
More informationChapter 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 10 Acids, Bases, and Salts Topics we ll be looking at in this chapter Arrhenius theory of acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory Mono-, di- and tri-protic acids Strengths of acids and
More informationCore Mathematics 3 Exponentials and Natural Logarithms
Edexcel past paper questions Core Mathematics 3 Exponentials and Natural Logarithms Edited by: K V kumaran Email: kvkumaran@gmail.com Core Maths 3 Exponentials and natural Logarithms Page Ln and Exponentials
More information5/10/2017. Chapter 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State) E-mail: upali@latech.edu Office: 311 Carson Taylor Hall ; Phone: 318-257-4941;
More informationFirst Exam December 19---Christmas Break begins December 21. Silberberg Chapter 17-18, Skoog 2-7, 11-13
Announcements First Exam December 19---Christmas Break begins December 21. Silberberg Chapter 17-18, Skoog 2-7, 11-13 Please keep up with the work (lots of problems in this Chapter) and see me if you have
More informationIntroduction to Acids & Bases. Packet #26
Introduction to Acids & Bases Packet #26 Review I Svante Arrhenius was the first person to recognize the essential nature of acids and bases. Review II Arrhenius postulated that: Acids produce hydrogen
More informationNURS1004 Week 12 Lecture 1 Acid Base Balance Prepared by Didy Button
NURS1004 Week 12 Lecture 1 Acid Base Balance Prepared by Didy Button The Role of Amino Acids in Protein Buffer Systems 2-7 ph and Homeostasis ph The concentration of hydrogen ions (H + ) in a solution
More informationMODULE 1: MATH BASICS
MATH FUNDAMENTALS MODULE 1: MATH BASICS In the medical world, the most beneficial drug can be rendered worthless or dangerous if the veterinarian or animal health technician does not accurately calculate
More informationweebly.com/ Core Mathematics 3 Exponentials and Natural Logarithms
http://kumarmaths. weebly.com/ Core Mathematics 3 Exponentials and Natural Logarithms Core Maths 3 Exponentials and natural Logarithms Page 1 Ln and Exponentials C3 Content By the end of this unit you
More informationPHYSIO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DRUG. It is the interaction of the drug with its environment
PYSIO-CEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TE DRUG It is the interaction of the drug with its environment Reducing the complexity Biological process in drug action Dissolution of drug in gastrointestinal fluids Absorption
More informationBIOMEDICAL SCIENCE MIN WAN
ACID-BASE LECTURE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE MIN WAN (min.wan@ki.se) SEPT. 12-13, 2016 9/6/2016 1 Acid Base lecture 14-15 September 2015 Min Wan 1. Introduction to ph 2. Acid base concept -calculations 3. Buffer
More informationChapter 2 Cellular Homeostasis and Membrane Potential
Chapter 2 Cellular Homeostasis and Membrane Potential 2.1 Membrane Structure and Composition The human cell can be considered to consist of a bag of fluid with a wall that separates the internal, or intracellular,
More informationEquilibrium principles in aqueous systems are limited to qualitative descriptions and/or calculations involving:
NCEA Chemistry 3.6 Aqueous Systems AS 91392 Demonstrate understanding of equilibrium principles in aqueous systems Aqueous systems are limited to those involving sparingly soluble ionic solids Equilibrium
More informationFull file at Chapter 2 Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions
Chapter 2 Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions SUMMARY Section 2.1 Summary Water is a polar molecule, with a partial negative charge on the oxygen and partial positive charges on the hydrogens.
More informationIntroduction to Drug Measures
SECTION 2 Introduction to Drug Measures CHAPTER 4 Metric/International (SI) System CHAPTER 5 Unit, Percentage, Milliequivalent, Ratio, Household, and Apothecary Measures 36 SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION TO DRUG
More informationWater, ph and pka. Lecture 2: Margaret A. Daugherty. Fall Water: What makes it so good for life? Solvent properties.
Lecture 2: Water, ph and pka Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2004 Water: What makes it so good for life? Structure ice vs. water or more technically solid vs. liquid Solvent properties High heat capacity High
More information8.2. The Equilibrium of Weak Acids and Bases. The Ion Product Constant for Water. 388 MHR Unit 4 Chemical Systems and Equilibrium
In this section, you will 8.2 Section Preview/ Specific Expectations define and perform calculations that involve the ion product constant for water, K w, and the acid dissociation constant, K a compare
More informationTHE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS = THE METRIC SYSTEM. R. Ashby Duplication by permission only.
CH 11 TOPIC 35 THE METRIC SYSTEM & FACTOR CONVERSIONS 1 You have mastered this topic when you can: 1) use SI units and their accepted alternatives in chemistry. 2) correctly determine the unit of a derived
More informationPRACTICAL 3 ph AND BUFFERS
PRACTICAL 3 ph AND BUFFERS ph and Buffers Structure 3.1 Introduction 3.2 ph and Buffers: Basic Concept 3.2.1 ph 3.2.2 Buffers and Buffer Solutions 3.3 Methods for Determining ph Experiment 1: Measurement
More informationStuff. Make-up Exam tomorrow night, Date: Tuesday Feb 17. Room: C-109 Time: 6-8 (1.5 hr) Problems for Acid-Bases posted. Hour Exam Solutions posted
Stuff Make-up Exam tomorrow night, Date: Tuesday Feb 17. Room: C-109 Time: 6-8 (1.5 hr) Problems for Acid-Bases posted. Hour Exam Solutions posted Lecture slides up to date Can I ask the girls to email
More informationIonization of acids and bases
ionization equation Ionization of acids and bases Acid Base AH + H 2 O H 3 O + + A B + H 2 O OH + BH + simpler eq. AH H + + A B + H + BH + ionization K A = [H 3 O + ][A - ]/[AH] K B = [OH - ][BH + ]/[B]
More informationWater. Water participates in H-bonding with biomolecules.
Water Most biochemical reactions occur in an aqueous environment. Water is highly polar because of its bent geometry. Water is highly cohesive because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Water participates
More informationExperiment #1. Math Review
A. Scientific notation and Significant Figures Experiment #1. Math Review While entering a number in scientific notation in your calculator, look for the EE or the exp key on your calculator. For example
More informationCHEMISTRY OF THE HUMAN BODY
CHEMISTRY OF THE HUMAN BODY (Sample Questions Key) WUCT 2018 The three questions below are meant to give a sense of the kinds of questions that might be asked on the exam in April 2018. The actual exam
More informationBCH312 [Practical] 1
BCH312 [Practical] 1 Triprotic acid is acid that contain three hydrogens ions. It dissociates in solution in three steps, with three Ka values. phosphoric acid is an example of triprotic acid. It dissociates
More informationBCH 4053 Spring 2001 Chapter 2 Lecture Notes
BCH 4053 Spring 001 Chapter Lecture Notes 1 Chapter Water, ph and Ionic Equilibria Physical Properties of Water High boiling point High melting point High heat of vaporization High heat of fusion 3 Physical
More informationEquilibrium constant
Equilibrium constant Equilibrium constant Many reactions that occur in nature are reversible and do not proceed to completion. They come to an equilibrium where the net velocity = 0 The velocity of forward
More informationChemical and Physical Properties of Organic Molecules
Chemical and Physical Properties of Organic Molecules I.Elements A. Chemical symbols: C H O P S N C=carbon, H=hydrogen, O=oxygen, P=phosphorus, S=sulfur, N=nitrogen B. Top 3 Earth s surface = O, Si, Al
More informationCHM112 Lab Math Review Grading Rubric
Name CHM112 Lab Math Review Grading Rubric Criteria Points possible Points earned A. Simple Algebra 4 B. Scientific Notation and Significant Figures (0.5 points each question) C1. Evaluating log and ln
More informationPHARMACOKINETIC DERIVATION OF RATES AND ORDERS OF REACTIONS IN MULTI- COMPARTMENT MODEL USING MATLAB
IJPSR (2016), Vol. 7, Issue 11 (Research Article) Received on 29 May, 2016; received in revised form, 07 July, 2016; accepted, 27 July, 2016; published 01 November, 2016 PHARMACOKINETIC DERIVATION OF RATES
More informationThe Metric System and Measurement
The Metric System and Measurement Introduction The metric system is the world standard for measurement. Not only is it used by scientists throughout the world, but most nations have adopted it as their
More information1) Here we review the various types of interactions that can take place between and among molecules.
Chem 431A-L02-W'05 page 1 of 6 Chem 431A-L02-W'05 Summary of lecture topics discussed in lecture 2-3: 1) Here we review the various types of interactions that can take place between and among molecules.
More informationAcids And Bases. H + (aq) + Cl (aq) ARRHENIUS THEORY
Acids And Bases A. Characteristics of Acids and Bases 1. Acids and bases are both ionic compounds that are dissolved in water. Since acids and bases both form ionic solutions, their solutions conduct electricity
More informationAcids and bases, ph and buffers. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Lecture 2
Acids and bases, ph and buffers Dr. Mamoun Ahram Lecture 2 ACIDS AND BASES Acids versus bases Acid: a substance that produces H+ when dissolved in water (e.g., HCl, H2SO4) Base: a substance that produces
More information11. Introduction to Acids, Bases, ph, and Buffers
11. Introduction to Acids, Bases, ph, and Buffers What you will accomplish in this experiment You ll use an acid-base indicating paper to: Determine the acidity or basicity of some common household substances
More informationACID - BASE EQUILIBRIA
ACID - BASE EQUILIBRIA Mgr. Monika Šrámková Department of medical chemistry and clinical biochemistry, 2 th Medical faculty of Charles Univerzity of Prague and Motol Univerzity Hospital CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA-
More informationUnit #1 - Transformation of Functions, Exponentials and Logarithms
Unit #1 - Transformation of Functions, Exponentials and Logarithms Some problems and solutions selected or adapted from Hughes-Hallett Calculus. Note: This unit, being review of pre-calculus has substantially
More informationSkill 6 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Skill 6 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Skill 6a: Graphs of Exponential Functions Skill 6b: Solving Exponential Equations (not requiring logarithms) Skill 6c: Definition of Logarithms Skill 6d: Graphs
More informationAcids, Bases and Buffers
1 Acids, Bases and Buffers Strong vs weak acids and bases Equilibrium as it relates to acids and bases ph scale: [H+(aq)] to ph, poh, etc ph of weak acids ph of strong acids Conceptual about oxides (for
More informationFind the ph and the degree of ionization for an 0.10 M solution of formic acid:
148 Find the ph and the degree of ionization for an 0.10 M solution of formic acid: Value of Ka from Ebbing, page A-13 Define "x" as the change in hydronium ion concentration Assume "x" is small compared
More informationPrince George s Community College PL 2: CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOPROTIC WEAK ACID BY POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION
Prince George s Community College Name Section Partner(s) Date PL 2: CHARACTERIZATION OF A MONOPROTIC WEAK ACID BY POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION PRE-LAB QUERIES 1. Complete the neutralization reactions given
More informationCHEMISTRY OF THE HUMAN BODY
CHEMISTRY OF THE HUMAN BODY (Sample Questions) WUCT 2018 The three questions below are meant to give a sense of the kinds of questions that might be asked on the exam in April 2018. The actual exam is
More informationWater: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions
Chapter 2 Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions 11 SUMMARY Section 2.1 Section 2.2 Section 2.3 Section 2.4 Water is a polar molecule, with a partial negative charge on the oxygen and partial positive
More informationMulticompartment Pharmacokinetic Models. Objectives. Multicompartment Models. 26 July Chapter 30 1
Multicompartment Pharmacokinetic Models Objectives To draw schemes and write differential equations for multicompartment models To recognize and use integrated equations to calculate dosage regimens To
More informationHI-1017: Pharmacy Technician. Module 14 - Metric System
HI-1017: Pharmacy Technician Module 14 - Metric System Slide 1 Main Objectives The Metric System Converting Metric Units Practice Exercises Slide 2 The Metric System The Metric System Units of Measurement
More informationBishop Kelley High School Summer Math Program Course: Honors Pre-Calculus
017 018 Summer Math Program Course: Honors Pre-Calculus NAME: DIRECTIONS: Show all work in the packet. Make sure you are aware of the calculator policy for this course. No matter when you have math, this
More informationTHE INCREDIBLE MEDICAL SCHOOL BASIC MEDICAL MATH
THE INCREDIBLE MEDICAL SCHOOL BASIC MEDICAL MATH Alfred Ricks Jr., M.D. Copyright 2009 Alfred Ricks Jr., M.D. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or
More informationph = pk a + log 10 {[base]/[acid]}
FORMULA SHEET (tear off) N A = 6.022 x 10 23 C = ( 5 / 9 ) ( F - 32) F = ( 9 / 5 )( C) + 32 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-27 kg C = K - 273.15 K = C + 273.15 1 atm = 760 torr = 760 mm Hg 1 atm = 1.013 bar pv = nrt
More informationAcid-Base Equilibria. 1.NH 4 Cl 2.NaCl 3.KC 2 H 3 O 2 4.NaNO 2. Acid-Ionization Equilibria. Acid-Ionization Equilibria
Acid-Ionization Equilibria Acid-Base Equilibria Acid ionization (or acid dissociation) is the reaction of an acid with water to produce hydronium ion (hydrogen ion) and the conjugate base anion. (See Animation:
More informationBIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activity for Session 6:
BIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activity for Session 6: General topics for the week: Acids and Bases ph and buffer Interactive animations are used to reinforce the understanding Instructions- interactive animations:
More informationIntroduction to Acids & Bases II. Packet #26
Introduction to Acids & Bases II Packet #26 1 Review I Svante Arrhenius was the first person to recognize the essential nature of acids and bases. 2 Review II Arrhenius postulated that: Acids produce hydrogen
More information10.1 Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution
10.1 Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases An acid is a substance that gives hydrogen ions, H +, when dissolved in water. In fact, H + reacts with water and produces
More informationCHEM 254 EXPERIMENT 9. Chemical Equilibrium-Colorimetric determination of equilibrium constant of a weak acid
CHEM 254 EXPERIMENT 9 Chemical Equilibrium-Colorimetric determination of equilibrium constant of a weak acid For a weak acid that can only partly dissociate the equilibrium constant is related to activities
More informationChapter-2 (Page 22-37) Physical and Chemical Properties of Water
Chapter-2 (Page 22-37) Physical and Chemical Properties of Water Introduction About 70% of the mass of the human body is water. Water is central to biochemistry for the following reasons: 1- Biological
More informationChemical Equilibrium
Chemical Equilibrium Many reactions are reversible, i.e. they can occur in either direction. A + B AB or AB A + B The point reached in a reversible reaction where the rate of the forward reaction (product
More informationExponential and Logarithmic Equations and Models. College Algebra
Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and Models College Algebra Product Rule for Logarithms The product rule for logarithms can be used to simplify a logarithm of a product by rewriting it as a sum of
More informationMath 5a Reading Assignments for Sections
Math 5a Reading Assignments for Sections 4.1 4.5 Due Dates for Reading Assignments Note: There will be a very short online reading quiz (WebWork) on each reading assignment due one hour before class on
More informationCHAPTER 7 Acid Base Equilibria
1 CHAPTER 7 Acid Base Equilibria Learning Objectives Acid base theories Acid base equilibria in water Weak acids and bases Salts of weak acids and bases Buffers Logarithmic concentration diagrams 2 ACID
More informationLS1a Fall 2014 Practice Problem Set #1. 1. Consider a hypothetical reaction carried out at constant temperature and pressure:
LS1a Fall 2014 Practice Problem Set #1 I. Basic Concept Questions 1. Consider a hypothetical reaction carried out at constant temperature and pressure: The Gibbs free energy curve of this reaction is depicted
More informationLogarithms Dr. Laura J. Pyzdrowski
1 Names: (8 communication points) About this Laboratory An exponential function of the form f(x) = a x, where a is a positive real number not equal to 1, is an example of a one-to-one function. This means
More informationCHEM 109A Organic Chemistry
CHEM 109A Organic Chemistry https://labs.chem.ucsb.edu/zakarian/armen/courses.html Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry Draw the conjugate acid of each of the following:
More informationChemical Equilibria Part 2
Unit 1 - Inorganic & Physical Chemistry 1.4 Chemical Equilibria Part 2 Acid / Base Equilibria Indicators ph Curves Buffer Solutions Pupil Notes Learning Outcomes Questions & Answers KHS ChemistrySept 2015
More informationAcids and Bases. Moore, T. (2016). Acids and Bases. Lecture presented at PHAR 422 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy, Chicago.
Acids and Bases Moore, T. (2016). Acids and Bases. Lecture presented at PHAR 422 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy, Chicago. Drug dissolution can impact buffering capacity of the body Most enzymes require
More information{Take note: Why is water liquid at room temperature, but Ammonia is gas at room temperature? What is Hydrogen bond?}
1 Structure of Water (H 2 O) UNIVERSITY OF PNG SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PBL Seminar WATER, ph and BUFFER SOLUTIONS: Overview
More informationAcid-Base Balance. Lecture # 5 Second class/ 2015
Acid-Base Balance Lecture # 5 Second class/ 2015 Terms Acid Any substance that can yield a hydrogen ion (H + ) or hydronium ion when dissolved in water Release of proton or H + Base Substance that can
More information2. WATER : THE SOLVENT FOR BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
2. WATER : THE SOLVENT FOR BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 2.1 Water and Polarity Both geometry and properties of molecule determine polarity Electronegativity - The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself
More informationCHEMISTRY 1AA3 Tutorial 2 Answers - WEEK E WEEK OF JANUARY 22, (i) What is the conjugate base of each of the following species?
CHEMISTRY 1AA3 Tutorial 2 Answers - WEEK E WEEK OF JANUARY 22, 2001 M.A. Brook B.E. McCarry A. Perrott 1. (i) What is the conjugate base of each of the following species? (a) H 3 O + (b) NH 4 + (c) HCl
More informationAcid-Base Equilibria. 1.NH 4 Cl 2.NaCl 3.KC 2 H 3 O 2 4.NaNO 2. Solutions of a Weak Acid or Base
Acid-Base Equilibria 1 Will the following salts be acidic, basic or neutral in aqueous solution? 1.NH 4 Cl.NaCl.KC H O 4.NaNO A = acidic B = basic C = neutral Solutions of a Weak Acid or Base The simplest
More informationWeek #1 The Exponential and Logarithm Functions Section 1.4
Week #1 The Exponential and Logarithm Functions Section 1.4 From Calculus, Single Variable by Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum et. al. Copyright 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This material is used by
More informationAcid-Base ph Titration Introduction
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemistry Education Research and Practice. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Appendix B: Example of Traditional Investigation Acid-Base ph
More informationChemical calculations in medicine. Josef Fontana
Chemical calculations in medicine Josef Fontana Chemical calculations Expression of concentration molar concentration percent concentration conversion of units Osmotic pressure, osmolarity Dilution of
More informationTitration Of A Weak Acid With Strong Base. BCH 312 [Practical]
Titration Of A Weak Acid With Strong Base BCH 312 [Practical] Weak Acid : Weak acids or bases do not dissociate completely, therefore an equilibrium expression with Ka must be used. The Ka is a quantitative
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS COMPUTER LAB. #1: TUTORIAL AND EXPONENTIAL CONSUMPTION MODEL
ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS COMPUTER LAB. #1: TUTORIAL AND EXPONENTIAL CONSUMPTION MODEL We learn first how to do simple computations with MathCad. (1) Type:3*4= The answer is: 12. 34 12 (2) Type 24-35= The
More informationph and buffers Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2018
ph and buffers Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2018 Kw Kw is called the ion product for water What is ph? Example: Find the K a of a 0.04 M weak acid HA whose [H + ] is 1 x 10-4? HA H + + A - K a = [A - ] [H
More informationg. Looking at the equation, one can conclude that H 2 O has accepted a proton from HONH 3 HONH 3
Chapter 14 Acids and Bases I. Bronsted Lowry Acids and Bases a. According to Brønsted- Lowry, an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor. Therefore, in an acid- base reaction, a proton (H
More informationAP CHEMISTRY NOTES 10-1 AQUEOUS EQUILIBRIA: BUFFER SYSTEMS
AP CHEMISTRY NOTES 10-1 AQUEOUS EQUILIBRIA: BUFFER SYSTEMS THE COMMON ION EFFECT The common ion effect occurs when the addition of an ion already present in the system causes the equilibrium to shift away
More informationK w. Acids and bases 8/24/2009. Acids and Bases 9 / 03 / Ionization of water. Proton Jumping Large proton and hydroxide mobility
Chapter 2 Water Acids and Bases 9 / 03 / 2009 1. How is the molecular structure of water related to physical and chemical behavior? 2. What is a Hydrogen Bond? 3Wh 3. What are Acids Aid and db Bases? 4.
More informationBUFFERS. RAMESH REDDY.K M.Pharm.,(Ph.D) KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE
BUFFERS RAMESH REDDY.K M.Pharm.,(Ph.D) KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE Definition Buffers are compounds or mixtures of compounds that by their presence in the solution resist changes in the ph upon the addition
More information