Theory (NOTE: This theory is the same that we covered before in Experiment 11on the Ideal Gas model)
|
|
- Agnes Armstrong
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Experiment 12 CHARLES LAW Objectives 1. To set up a model of thermal machine, 2. To put to work the model to verify Charles law, 3. To describe and explain Charles law Theory (NOTE: This theory is the same that we covered before in Experiment 11on the Ideal Gas model) Thermodynamics is one of the physics branches that, among other things, study the thermal properties of gases. The simplest model that allows explaining how the gases behave is the ideal gas model. The properties of the ideal gas model are described through the general equation of the ideal gas, or equation of state of the gas. This equation establishes a relationship among relevant physical variables such as pressure, p, volume, V, and absolute temperature, T. The equation is valid for any constant mass of gas in thermal equilibrium, that is to say, with a uniform temperature, and it is mathematically expressed as, pv = nrt Where n is the number of moles of gas and R, the molar constant of gases, with a value of J mol K, in the International System of units. This equation of state was discovered experimentally analyzing the behavior of the gas, maintaining constant one of the three variables while allowing the other two to change. Real gases do not behave exactly as established by the ideal gas model but they are considered ideal as a first approximation 1. Boyle-Mariotte law relates pressure to volume at constant temperature (isothermal process) in a process where the gas is initially at a pressure p 1 and volume V 1 and ends up at a pressure p 2 and volume V 2, while the temperature remains the same. This is mathematically written as, Example 1 p 1 V 1 = p 2 V 2 We have one liter, l, of air (we will represent liters with letter l) at a pressure p = 1.0 atm, within a cylinder similar to the one of the thermal machine that we will use in this experiment. See Figure We apply pressure on the piston of the cylinder until duplicating its original value. The process is carried out at a constant temperature. We want to calculate the final volume of the gas using the ideal gas model Solution: Data: V 1 = 1.0 l, p 1 = 1.0 atm, p 2 = 2p 1 = 2.0 atm, and T 1 = T 2 = constant Unknown: V 2 Equation: V 2 = V 1 (p 1 / p 2 ) = (1.0 l) (1.0 atm/2.0 atm) = ½ l We see that when duplicating the pressure we reduce the volume to a half of its original value, which means that the gas is compressed. The volume of an ideal gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure Exercise 1 We have a mass of gas, at a constant temperature, inside a variable volume cylinder. We move the piston of the cylinder and obtain the values of pressure and volume shown in Table 1. Given the data in that table complete the blanks. Note that we do not allow air to leave or enter the cylinder. (Hint: Boyle-Mariotte law requires the product pv to remain constant in each case) 1
2 Table 1 No p (atm) V (l) pv (verification) Charles and Gay-Lussac law, relates volume to temperature at constant pressure (isobaric process) in a process where the gas is initially at an absolute temperature T 1 and volume V 1 and ends up at an absolute temperature T 2 and volume V 2, while the pressure remains the same. This is mathematically written as, Example 2: V1 V2 = T1 T2 We have 0.5 lof H at 20 C. We increase the temperature up to 60 C. Find the volume of the gas at the new temperature if during this process we maintained a constant pressure Solution: Data: V 1 = 0.5 l, t 1 = 20 C, t 2 = 60 C Unknown: V 2 Equation: V 2 = V 1 (T 2 /T 1 ) Before making the corresponding substitutions we must notice that the given temperatures, t 1 and t 2, are expressed in Celsius degrees, or centigrade, and that Charles and Gay-Lussac law refers to absolute temperature, therefore, we must change the temperatures from Celsius degrees to Kelvins. This is done by adding to the temperature in Celsius, thus, T 1 = t = = K. In the same way, T 2 = t = = K, then T K V2 = V1 = (0.5 l) = 0.57 T K We see that when warming up the gas, its volume increases, if the pressure remains constant Exercise 2: We have a given mass of gas, at a constant pressure, enclosed within a variable volume cylinder. We change the temperature of the gas and obtain the values of the volume shown in Table 2. Observe the data and fill the blanks. Notice that we did not allow changes in the air mass within the cylinder. (Hint: Charles and Gay-Lussac law requires quotient V/T to remain constant in each case) Table 2 No t ( C) V (l) T(K) V/T (verification) l 2
3 3. Finally, when the volume stays constant, while the pressure and temperature change, we obtain a relation that is written as, p1 p2 = T1 T2 Example 3: A constant mass of gas at pressure p 1 = 1.5 atm and temperature t 1 = 50 C is taken to a new temperature t 2 = 200 C at a constant volume. Calculate its new pressure Solution: Data: p 1 = 1.5 atm, t 1 = 50 C, t 2 = 200 C Unknown: p 2 Equation: p 2 = p 1 (T 2 /T 1 ) Before making the corresponding substitutions we must notice that the given temperatures, t 1 and t 2, are expressed in Celsius degrees, or centigrade, and this law requires absolute temperatures, therefore, we must convert Celsius to Kelvins. This is done by adding to the temperature in Celsius, thus, T 1 = t = = K. In the same way, T 2 = t = = Then K, then T K p2 = p1 = 1.5 atm = 2.2 atm T K We notice that when warming up the gas, its pressure increases if its volume remains constant, Exercise 3: We have a given mass of gas, at a constant volume, inside a cylinder. We change the temperature of the gas and obtain the pressure values of Table 3. Observe the data and fill in the blanks. Notice that we do not allow changing the mass of air within the cylinder. (Hint: the law of constant volume requires quotient p/t to remain unchanged in each case) Table 3 No t ( C) p (atm) T (K) p/t (verification) In this laboratory exercise we will use a thermal machine model to measure changes in the volume of air as a function of its temperature. See Figure We must notice that the mass of the gas does not change in this process. In the following Internet site there is an animation of the experiment that we are going to carry out in this laboratory session. Go to this WEB site, see the figure and press the button to start the animation. Remember that you must wait a few minutes before the animation runs 3
4 Figure 12-1Apparatus to verify Charles law Materials Thermal machine Pyrex container with hot water Electric heater Ice Empty glass Thermo meter Procedure 1. Check that the equipment of Figure 12-1 and the materials in the previous list are on your laboratory bench 2. Close the metal air chamber with the stopper 3. Connect the air chamber to the thermal machine with a plastic hose 4. Closes the valve of the tube that is not being used in the base of the thermal machine 5. Check that the piston of the thermal machine is resting in the base of the cylinder 6. Lay down the thermal machine on the laboratory bench in such a way that the red scale of the cylinder is upwards 7. Put boiling water in the pyrex glass up to half its volume 8. Introduce the air chamber in the hot water, and wait until the piston moves away from the cylinder s base 9. Read the water temperature and the position of the piston on the red scale of the thermal machine 10. Allow the hot water in the glass to cool down and take the temperature and the piston s position every five degrees. If the process is too slow you can add ice to the hot water 11. Stop the measurements once the piston goes back to the cylinder s bottom 4
5 Experiment 12 Laboratory report Charles Law Section Laboratory bench number Date: Students: 1. Write the temperatures and positions of the piston in a table. Convert Celsius degree to K (kelvins). Calculate the corresponding volumes for each position of the piston knowing that the diameter of the cylinder is 32.5 mm 5
6 2. Make a graph of volume versus temperature and add it to your report Conclusions 6
7 Experiment 12 Questions Charles Law Attention: There is no quiz for this experiment. The grade that you obtained in the Ideal Gas quiz is going to be considered for this experiment. Both experiments have the same quiz, which is taken at the beginning of the Ideal Gas laboratory session 7
pv = nrt Where n is the number of moles of gas and R, the molar constant of gases, with a value of
Experiment 11 IDEAL GAS Objectives 1. To set up a thermal machine laboratory model, 2. To raise an object of a given mass using the thermal machine model, and 3. To describe and explain the operation of
More informationAll gases display distinctive properties compared with liquid or solid. Among them, five properties are the most important and listed below:
CHEM 1111 117 Experiment 8 Ideal gas Objective: 1. Advance core knowledge of ideal gas law; 2. Construct the generator to produce gases; 3. Collect the gas under ambient temperature. Introduction: An ideal
More informationRenewable Energy. Theory: The Ideal Gas Law The equation of state for an ideal gas is written: PV = nrt
Lab 3 Gas Laws and Heat Engines Fall 2010 Introduction/Purpose: In this exercise you will test some of the aspects of the ideal gas law under conditions of constant pressure, constant temperature, and
More informationName Date Class STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Use each of the terms below to complete the passage. Each term may be used more than once.
Gases Section 14.1 The Gas Laws In your textbook, read about the basic concepts of the three gas laws. Use each of the terms below to complete the passage. Each term may be used more than once. pressure
More informationCHEMISTRY Matter and Change. Chapter 13: Gases
CHEMISTRY Matter and Change Chapter 13: Gases CHAPTER 13 Table Of Contents Section 13.1 Section 13.2 Section 13.3 The Gas Laws The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry Click a hyperlink to view the corresponding
More informationGases. Section 13.1 The Gas Laws Section 13.2 The Ideal Gas Law Section 13.3 Gas Stoichiometry
Gases Section 13.1 The Gas Laws Section 13.2 The Ideal Gas Law Section 13.3 Gas Stoichiometry Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit Section 13.1 The Gas Laws State the
More informationI. Gas Laws A. Four properties of gases 1. Volume - V
Gas Laws Learning Objectives TLW know the variables that influence the behavior of gases (TEKS 9) TLW be able to describe interrelationships between temperature, number of moles, pressure, and volume of
More informationChapter 17 Temperature & Kinetic Theory of Gases 1. Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature
Chapter 17 Temperature & Kinetic Theory of Gases 1. Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature Any physical property that changes with temperature is called a thermometric property and can be used to measure
More informationStudent Review Packet Answer Key
Student Review acket Answer Key. Convert the following temperatures as indicated. a 0 o C to K 73 K e atm to ka 0.3 ka (s.f. = 00 b -0 o C to K 63 K f 0.878 atm to ka 88.9 ka c 45 o C to K 38 K g 3. atm
More informationThermodynamics. Atoms are in constant motion, which increases with temperature.
Thermodynamics SOME DEFINITIONS: THERMO related to heat DYNAMICS the study of motion SYSTEM an object or set of objects ENVIRONMENT the rest of the universe MICROSCOPIC at an atomic or molecular level
More informationEngr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico Chemical Engineering Department
GASEOUS STATE Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico Chemical Engineering Department TOPICS Objective Properties of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Gas Laws OBJECTIVES Determine how volume, pressure and
More informationProperties of Gases. 5 important gas properties:
Gases Chapter 12 Properties of Gases 5 important gas properties: 1) Gases have an indefinite shape 2) Gases have low densities 3) Gases can compress 4) Gases can expand 5) Gases mix completely with other
More informationChapter 11 Ideal gases
OCR (A) specifications: 5.4.10c,d,e,i,j,k Chapter 11 Ideal gases Worksheet Worked examples Practical: Determining absolute zero of temperature from the pressure law End-of-chapter test Marking scheme:
More informationFig Note the three different types of systems based on the type of boundary between system and surroundings.
CHAPTER 1 LECTURE NOTES System, Surroundings, and States Fig. 1.4 Note the three different types of systems based on the type of boundary between system and surroundings. Intensive and Extensive Properties
More informationApparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas
Apparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas As P (h) increases V decreases 1 Boyle s Law P α 1/V P x V = constant P 1 x V 1 = P 2 x V 2 Constant temperature Constant amount
More informationUnit 08 Review: The KMT and Gas Laws
Unit 08 Review: The KMT and Gas Laws It may be helpful to view the animation showing heating curve and changes of state: http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/031_changesstate.mov
More information1985B4. A kilogram sample of a material is initially a solid at a temperature of 20 C. Heat is added to the sample at a constant rate of 100
1985B4. A 0.020-kilogram sample of a material is initially a solid at a temperature of 20 C. Heat is added to the sample at a constant rate of 100 joules per second until the temperature increases to 60
More informationThe first law of thermodynamics. U = internal energy. Q = amount of heat energy transfer
Thermodynamics Investigation of the energy transfer by heat and work and how natural systems behave (Q) Heat transfer of energy due to temp differences. (W) Work transfer of energy through mechanical means.
More informationCh Kinetic Theory. 1.All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles.
Ch. 15.1 Kinetic Theory 1.All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. Kinetic Theory 2.These tiny particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature, the faster the
More informationApply the ideal gas law (PV = nrt) to experimentally determine the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas generated
Teacher Information Ideal Gas Law Objectives Determine the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas generated during a reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate. Through this investigation,
More informationCHEMISTRY NOTES Chapter 12. The Behavior of Gases
Goals : To gain an understanding of : 1. The kinetic theory of matter. 2. Avogadro's hypothesis. 3. The behavior of gases and the gas laws. NOTES: CHEMISTRY NOTES Chapter 12 The Behavior of Gases The kinetic
More informationKinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Law Honors Packet. Name: Period: Date: Requirements for honors credit: Read all notes in packet
Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Law Honors Packet Name: Period: Date: Requirements for honors credit: Read all notes in packet Watch the 10 Brighstorm videos shown on the right and take Cornell notes
More informationThe Ideal Gas Law INTRODUCTION DISCUSSION OF PRINCIPLES. Boyle s Law. Charles s Law. The Ideal Gas Law 10-1
The Ideal Gas Law 10-1 The Ideal Gas Law INTRODUCTION The volume of a gas depends on the pressure as well as the temperature of the gas. Therefore, a relation between these quantities and the mass of a
More informationUnit 10: Gases. Section 1: Kinetic Molecular Theory and the Combined Gas Law
Unit 10: Gases Section 1: Kinetic Molecular Theory and the Combined Gas Law Introduction Molecules in a gas behave uniquely Gas molecules move rapidly and expand to fill their space Kinetic Molecular Theory:
More information12.1 Work in Thermodynamic Processes
Name APPH7_Notes3key Page 1 of 6 AP Physics Date Notes: Thermodynamics 12.1 Work in Thermodynamic Processes First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the internal energy
More informationREVISION: GAS LAWS & MOLE CALCULATIONS 18 JUNE 2013
REVISION: GAS LAWS & MOLE CALCULATIONS 18 JUNE 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we revise how to: apply the gas laws to perform calculations apply the mole concept to perform calculations Key Concepts
More informationComparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
CHAPTER 8 GASES Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases The density of gases is much less than that of solids or liquids. Densities (g/ml) Solid Liquid Gas H O 0.97 0.998 0.000588 CCl 4.70.59 0.00503
More information5.60 Thermodynamics & Kinetics Spring 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 5.60 Thermodynamics & Kinetics Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 5.60 Spring 2008 Lecture
More informationHEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS 1. THE ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE SCALE In the textbook you have been introduced to the concept of temperature, and to the fact that there is a natural zero of temperature, the temperature
More informationEXPERIMENT 4 THE RATIO OF HEAT CAPACITIES
EXPERIMENT 4 THE RATIO OF HEAT CAPACITIES Air contained in a large jar is subjected to an adiabatic expansion then an isochoric process. If the initial, final, and atmospheric pressures are known, then
More informationEquation of state of ideal gases Students worksheet
3.2.1 Tasks For a constant amount of gas (in our case air) investigate the correlation between 1. Volume and pressure at constant temperature (Boyle-Marriotte s law) 2. Temperature and volume at constant
More informationThermodynamics. Joule-Thomson effect Ideal and Real Gases. What you need: Complete Equipment Set, Manual on CD-ROM included
Ideal Real Gases Thermodynamics 30600 What you can learn about Real gas Intrinsic energy Gay-Lussac theory Throttling Van der Waals equation Van der Waals force Inverse Inversion temperature Principle:
More informationIdeal Gas Law and Absolute Zero
Experiment IX Ideal Gas Law and Absolute Zero I. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to examine the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of air in a closed chamber. To do this, you
More information1. What is the value of the quantity PV for one mole of an ideal gas at 25.0 C and one atm?
Real Gases Thought Question: How does the volume of one mole of methane gas (CH4) at 300 Torr and 298 K compare to the volume of one mole of an ideal gas at 300 Torr and 298 K? a) the volume of methane
More informationBoyle s Law and Charles Law Activity
Boyle s Law and Charles Law Activity Introduction: This simulation helps you to help you fully understand 2 Gas Laws: Boyle s Law and Charles Law. These laws are very simple to understand, but are also
More informationDual Program Level 1 Physics Course
Dual Program Level 1 Physics Course Assignment 15 Due: 11/Feb/2012 14:00 Assume that water has a constant specific heat capacity of 4190 J/kg K at all temperatures between its melting point and boiling
More informationUnit Outline. I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI.
Unit 10: Gases Unit Outline I. Introduction II. Gas Pressure III. Gas Laws IV. Gas Law Problems V. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases VI. Real Gases I. Opening thoughts Have you ever: Seen a hot air balloon?
More informationChapter 10. Thermal Physics. Thermodynamic Quantities: Volume V and Mass Density ρ Pressure P Temperature T: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 10 Thermal Physics Thermodynamic Quantities: Volume V and Mass Density ρ Pressure P Temperature T: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Temperature Scales Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids Ideal
More informationRevision Guide for Chapter 13
Matter: very simple Revision Guide for Chapter Contents Student s Checklist Revision Notes Ideal gas... Ideal gas laws... Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases... 5 Internal energy... 6 Specific thermal
More informationPHYSICS 151 Notes for Online Lecture #33
PHYSICS 151 otes for Online Lecture #33 Moving From Fluids o Gases here is a quantity called compressibility that helps distinguish between solids, liquids and gases. If you squeeze a solid with your hands,
More informationGases. Measuring Temperature Fahrenheit ( o F): Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Ideal gas: a gas in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic (no energy lost) there are no intermolecular attractive forces Think of an ideal gas as a collection of perfectly
More informationCH 15. Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics
CH 15 Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics THERMODYNAMICS Thermodynamics Branch of Physics that is built upon the fundamental laws that heat and work obey. Central Heating Objectives: After finishing
More informationPractice Problems. Unit 11 - Gas Laws. CRHS Academic Chemistry. Due Date Assignment On-Time (100) Late (70)
Name Period CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 11 - Gas Laws Practice Problems Due Date Assignment On-Time (100) Late (70) 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Warm-Up EC Notes, Homework, Exam Reviews and Their KEYS located
More informationName Date Class STATES OF MATTER. SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages )
Name Date Class 13 STATES OF MATTER SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages 385 389) This section introduces the kinetic theory and describes how it applies to gases. It defines gas pressure and explains
More informationChapter 10. Thermal Physics
Chapter 10 Thermal Physics Thermal Physics Thermal physics is the study of Temperature Heat How these affect matter Thermal Physics, cont Descriptions require definitions of temperature, heat and internal
More informationvan der Waals & Wilson
van der Waals & Wilson N.G. Schultheiss translated and adapted by K. Schadenberg 1 Introduction There are various ways to detect and measure particles. This module will discuss two of them, the bubble
More informationUnit 13 Gas Laws. Gases
Unit 13 Gas Laws Gases The Gas Laws Kinetic Theory Revisited 1. Particles are far apart and have negligible volume. 2. Move in rapid, random, straight-line motion. 3. Collide elastically. 4. No attractive
More informationA Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings.
Chapter 5 Gases Chapter 5 A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved
More informationUNIT 10.
UNIT 10 Pressure: F/A http://chemlab.truman.edu/chem130labs/calorimetryfiles/thermobackground.asp There are four variable needed to define the physical state of a gas. They are: o Temperature o Pressure
More informationTemperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines
Temperature Thermal Expansion Ideal Gas Law Kinetic Theory Heat Heat Transfer Phase Changes Specific Heat Calorimetry Heat Engines Zeroeth Law Two systems individually in thermal equilibrium with a third
More informationProperties of Gases. Molecular interactions van der Waals equation Principle of corresponding states
Properties of Gases Chapter 1 of Atkins and de Paula The Perfect Gas States of gases Gas laws Real Gases Molecular interactions van der Waals equation Principle of corresponding states Kinetic Model of
More informationThe laws of Thermodynamics. Work in thermodynamic processes
The laws of Thermodynamics ork in thermodynamic processes The work done on a gas in a cylinder is directly proportional to the force and the displacement. = F y = PA y It can be also expressed in terms
More informationCHEM 254 EXPERIMENT 2 Critical point determination for SF 6
CHEM 254 EXPERIMENT 2 Critical point determination for SF 6 The equation of state of a gas defines the relationship between the pressure, temperature and volume of the gas. For ideal gases the equation
More informationCh. 12 Notes - GASES NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.
Ch. 12 Notes - GASES NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: 1* atm 760* mm Hg 760* torr 101.3 kpa 14.7 psi * atm, mm Hg,
More informationA thermodynamic system is taken from an initial state X along the path XYZX as shown in the PV-diagram.
AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Thermodynamics 1. The maximum efficiency of a heat engine that operates between temperatures of 1500 K in the firing chamber and 600 K in the exhaust chamber is most
More information1 Points to Remember Subject: Chemistry Class: XI Chapter: States of matter Top concepts 1. Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction and repulsion between interacting particles (atoms and molecules).
More informationPHYsics 1150 Homework, Chapter 14, Thermodynamics Ch 14: 1, 17, 26, 27, 37, 44, 46, 52, 58
PHYsics 1150 Homework, Chapter 14, Thermodynamics Ch 14: 1, 17, 6, 7, 37, 44, 46, 5, 58 14.1 An ideal gas is sealed in a rigid container at 5 C and. What will its temperature be when the pressure is incresed
More informationFTF Day 9. April 9, 2012 HW: Assessment Questions 13.1 (Wed) Folder Check Quiz on Wednesday Topic: Gas laws Question: What are gasses like?
Gas Laws Ch 13 FTF Day 9 April 9, 2012 HW: Assessment Questions 13.1 (Wed) Folder Check Quiz on Wednesday Topic: Gas laws Question: What are gasses like? Describe motion of particles, compressibility,
More informationThe Gas Laws. Section 1.2 (7th and 8th editions) Individual Gases Boyle s Law Charles Law. Perfect (Ideal) Gas Equation
The Gas Laws Section 1.2 (7th and 8th editions) Individual Gases Boyle s Law Charles Law Perfect (Ideal) Gas Equation Mixtures of Gases Dalton s Law Mole Fractions Last updated: Sept. 14, 2009; minor edits
More informationThe Gas Laws-Part I The Gaseous State
The Gas Laws-Part I The Gaseous State The States of Matter The Distinction of Gases from Liquids and Solids 1. Gas volume changes greatly with pressure. 2. Gas volume changes greatly with temperature.
More informationCh10.4 Attractive Forces
Ch10.4 Attractive Forces Intermolecular Forces are the forces holding molecules to each other. Solids have strong forces Gases (vapor) have weak forces Intermolecular forces determine the phase of matter.
More informationChapter 10 Notes: Gases
Chapter 10 Notes: Gases Watch Bozeman Videos & other videos on my website for additional help: Big Idea 2: Gases 10.1 Characteristics of Gases Read p. 398-401. Answer the Study Guide questions 1. Earth
More information(b) The measurement of pressure
(b) The measurement of pressure The pressure of the atmosphere is measured with a barometer. The original version of a barometer was invented by Torricelli, a student of Galileo. The barometer was an inverted
More informationThermal Properties and Ideal Gases: Boyle's law and Charle's law *
OpenStax-CNX module: m39083 1 Thermal Properties and Ideal Gases: Boyle's law and Charle's law * Free High School Science Texts Project This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative
More informationThe Gas Laws. Learning about the special behavior of gases
The Gas Laws Learning about the special behavior of gases The States of Matter What are the 3 states of matter that chemists work with? Solids, liquids, and gases We will explain the behavior of gases
More informationCHEM Thermodynamics. Work. There are two ways to change the internal energy of a system:
There are two ways to change the internal energy of a system: Thermodynamics Work 1. By flow of heat, q Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between and the surroundings 2. By doing work, w Work can
More informationQuantitative Exercise 9.4. Tip 9/14/2015. Quantitative analysis of an ideal gas
Chapter 9 - GASES 9. Quantitative analysis of gas 9.4 emperature 9.5 esting the ideal gas Quantitative analysis of an ideal gas We need more simplifying assumptions. Assume that the particles do not collide
More informationChapter 2 Carnot Principle
Chapter 2 Carnot Principle 2.1 Temperature 2.1.1 Isothermal Process When two bodies are placed in thermal contact, the hotter body gives off heat to the colder body. As long as the temperatures are different,
More informationProperties of Gases. assume the volume and shape of their containers. most compressible of the states of matter
Gases Properties of Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers most compressible of the states of matter mix evenly and completely with other gases much lower density than other forms of matter
More informationS6. (a) State what is meant by an ideal gas...
IB PHYSICS Name: DEVIL PHYSICS Period: Date: BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS TSOKOS CHAPTER 3 TEST REVIEW S1. Thermal energy is transferred through the glass windows of a house mainly by A. conduction. B. radiation.
More information10 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EXPANSION, IDEAL GAS LAW, AND KINETIC THEORY OF GASES.
10 TEMPERATURE, THERMAL EXPANSION, IDEAL GAS LAW, AND KINETIC THEORY OF GASES. Key words: Atoms, Molecules, Atomic Theory of Matter, Molecular Mass, Solids, Liquids, and Gases, Thermodynamics, State Variables,
More informationChapter 5. The Gas Laws
Chapter 5 The Gas Laws 1 Pressure Force per unit area. Gas molecules fill container. Molecules move around and hit sides. Collisions are the force. Container has the area. Measured with a barometer. 2
More informationGases. Pressure is formally defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area:
Gases Pressure is formally defined as the force exerted on a surface per unit area: Force is measure in Newtons Area is measured in m 2 and it refers to the Area the particle/object is touching (From the
More informationBoyle s law states the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a sample of gas.
The Ideal Gas Law Boyle s law states the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a sample of gas. Charles s law states the relationship between the volume and the absolute temperature of a
More informationSimpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version -
74. The rate of heat flow by conduction through a slab does NOT depend upon the: A. temperature difference between opposite faces of the slab B. thermal conductivity of the slab C. slab thickness D. cross-sectional
More informationLesson 6 Matter. Introduction: Connecting Your Learning
Lesson 6 Matter Introduction: Connecting Your Learning The previous lessons discussed mechanics and many forms of motion. Lesson 6 introduces the second major topic in physics, which is matter. This lesson
More informationChapter 11. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Pressure and Force Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Pressure and Force Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures Section 1 Gases and Pressure Lesson Starter Make a list of gases you already know about. Separate your list into elements,
More informationUnit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases. Chapter 13-14
Unit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter 13-14 This tutorial is designed to help students understand scientific measurements. Objectives for this unit appear on the next slide. Each objective is linked to
More informationTopic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics
Name: Date: Topic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics 1. The kelvin temperature of an object is a measure of A. the total energy of the molecules of the object. B. the total kinetic energy of the molecules of
More informationPhysics 202 Homework 5
Physics 202 Homework 5 Apr 29, 2013 1. A nuclear-fueled electric power plant utilizes a so-called boiling water reac- 5.8 C tor. In this type of reactor, nuclear energy causes water under pressure to boil
More informationSTP : standard temperature and pressure 0 o C = 273 K kpa
GAS LAWS Pressure can be measured in different units. For our calculations, we need Pressure to be expressed in kpa. 1 atm = 760. mmhg = 101.3 kpa R is the Universal Gas Constant. Take note of the units:
More informationGAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 11 SESSION 13 (LEARNER NOTES)
KINETIC THEORY OF GASES Learner Note: This section is related to chemical equilibrium and rates of reaction. Relationships in the section are very important. Emphasise the Kinetic Theory as this is again
More informationApparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas
The Gas Laws Apparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas As P (h) increases V decreases Boyle s Law P x V = constant P 1 x V 1 = P 2 x V 2 Constant temperature Constant
More informationChemistry. Friday, February 23 rd Monday, February 26 th, 2018
Chemistry Friday, February 23 rd Monday, February 26 th, 2018 Do-Now: Ch. 13 CN Part B 1. Write down today s FLT 2. State one part of the Kinetic Molecular Theory applied to gases 3. What are the three
More informationDistinguish between an isothermal process and an adiabatic process as applied to an ideal gas (2)
1. This question is about thermodynamic processes. (a) Distinguish between an isothermal process and an adiabatic process as applied to an ideal gas.......... An ideal gas is held in a container by a moveable
More informationBoyle's Law. Solution: P 1 (0.6L)=(4atm)(2.4L) P 1 = 16atm
Page1 Boyle's Law Boyle's Law, a principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. According to this law, the pressure exerted by a gas held at a constant temperature
More informationGases. Petrucci, Harwood and Herring: Chapter 6
Gases Petrucci, Harwood and Herring: Chapter 6 CHEM 1000 3.0 Gases 1 We will be looking at Macroscopic and Microscopic properties: Macroscopic Properties of bulk gases Observable Pressure, volume, mass,
More informationScientists and Their Discoveries: The Ideal Gas Law Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide
Scientists and Their Discoveries: The Ideal Gas Law Poster Illustrated Teacher's Guide #35-1170 Paper #35-1171 Laminated Background Gas Law Basics Matter most frequently takes the form of a solid, liquid,
More informationThe fundamental difference between. particles.
Gases, Liquids and Solids David A. Katz Department of Chemistry Pima Community College States of Matter The fundamental difference between states t of matter is the distance between particles. States of
More informationChapter 10, Thermal Physics
CHAPTER 10 1. If it is given that 546 K equals 273 C, then it follows that 400 K equals: a. 127 C b. 150 C c. 473 C d. 1 200 C 2. A steel wire, 150 m long at 10 C, has a coefficient of linear expansion
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 13 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 13 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching
More informationSimulation: Gas Laws FOR THE TEACHER
Simulation: Gas Laws FOR THE TEACHER Summary In this simulation, students will investigate three of the fundamental gas laws, including Boyle s Law, Charles Law and Gay-Lussac s Law. Students will have
More informationPhysics 121, April 15, Temperature/Heat and the Ideal Gas Law.
Physics 121, April 15, 2008. Temperature/Heat and the Ideal Gas Law. http://www.brickinfo.org/bia/technotes/t18.htm Physics 121. April 15, 2008. Course information Topics to be discussed today: Temperature
More informationSpeed Distribution at CONSTANT Temperature is given by the Maxwell Boltzmann Speed Distribution
Temperature ~ Average KE of each particle Particles have different speeds Gas Particles are in constant RANDOM motion Average KE of each particle is: 3/2 kt Pressure is due to momentum transfer Speed Distribution
More informationGases Over View. Schweitzer
Gases Over View Schweitzer Collision theory Describing Ideal gases Particles are very far apart relative to their size. Particles are traveling very fast Particles are traveling in straight lines Collisions
More informationChapter 12. The Laws of Thermodynamics
Chapter 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that the internal energy of a system can be increased by Adding energy to the system Doing work
More informationPhase Changes and Latent Heat
Review Questions Why can a person remove a piece of dry aluminum foil from a hot oven with bare fingers without getting burned, yet will be burned doing so if the foil is wet. Equal quantities of alcohol
More informationChapter 6 The States of Matter. Examples of Physical Properties of Three States of Matter
Chapter 6 The States of Matter Examples of Physical Properties of Three States of Matter 1 Three States of Matter Solids: Fixed shape, fixed volume, particles are held rigidly in place. Liquids: Variable
More informationChapters 17 &19 Temperature, Thermal Expansion and The Ideal Gas Law
Chapters 17 &19 Temperature, Thermal Expansion and The Ideal Gas Law Units of Chapter 17 & 19 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Temperature Scales Thermal Expansion Heat and Mechanical Work
More information12 The Laws of Thermodynamics
June 14, 1998 12 The Laws of Thermodynamics Using Thermal Energy to do Work Understanding the laws of thermodynamics allows us to use thermal energy in a practical way. The first law of thermodynamics
More information