INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 7, No 2, 2016

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1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 7, No 2, 2016 Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0 Research article ISSN Development of micro watershed atlas of Haryana state- a citizen centric Perspective Gahlod N.S, Ranga Rao V, Arya V.S, Pankaj Laghate, Meena R.L Soil and Land Use Survey of India Department of Agriculture and Cooperation Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare Government of India IARI Buildings, New Delhi ABSTRACT The watershed of a river system is an ideal unit for agriculture development. The subwatersheds and micro-watersheds are manageable units for development and administration. The aim of this paper is the development of Micro-Watershed code of Haryana State, India, to provide a unique national code in an easy and understandable format.it helps in ensuring uniformity in the use of micro watershed code across the Nation in the soil and water management programmes.the spatial micro-watershed atlas of Haryana State developed with 799 sub-watersheds and 5264 Micro watersheds. Each one is having distinct spatial extent with unique national code helps to avoid duplication of activities with similar objectives under different ministries in one micro watershed. Procedures adopted in making available the Geospatial information on platform-free basis is also discussed along with an example. The development of Micro watershed Atlas of Haryana State is useful for watershed management programmers at village level for the government and non-government organizations. Keywords: Geo-spatial, watershed, geo-informatics, hydrologic entity 1. Introduction The Soil, water, and forest vegetation are the three most precious natural resources for the sustenance of mankind. This protective shield of the land is being disturbed by our interference, making soil susceptible to detachment and transportation. Rivers are the main source of surface water in India, so efficient and economic exploitation of these water resources is essential not only for agriculture but also required for survival of the mankind. Watershed constitutes the natural spatial frame for harnessing and utilizing the watershed resources surface and sub-soil and improving the moisture retentively of land. Planning of watershed development depends on their scientific delineation and codification (AISLUS, 1990). The watershed of a river system is an ideal unit for the development of agriculture. Sub-watersheds and micro-watersheds are manageable units for development and administration. Watershed management is proper utilization of water and land resources for optimum production with minimum hazard to natural resources. It is related to soil and water conservation in the watershed (Tideman, 2000). Integrated watershed management has been adopted as a part of the National Water Policy (NWP, 2002) for the conservation of natural resources. In order to achieve food security, minimize water conflicts and reduce poverty the need to enhance productivity of rainfed systems by harnessing the existing potential being recognized as a need of the day (Wani et al., 2003) Accordingly, enhanced emphasis placed on ensuring that the local level users Submitted on April 2016 published on November

2 participate in the planning and management of the natural resources at the watershed level through the Haryalli Guidelines of the Ministry of Rural Development, (MoRL, 2004). The Core Principles of Watershed Management are 1) Watersheds are natural systems that we can work with 2) It s a support structure, making it easier to coordinate efforts a structure made of agreed upon standard operating procedures, timelines, and forums for communication 3) Watershed Management is continuous and needs a multidisciplinary approach 4) A watershed management framework supports partnering, taking well-planned actions using sound scientific technique, and achieving results. Watershed development has been a proven tool for natural resources management in the country. Various schemes are in operation under different ministries and departments for development of soil, water and forest resources considering watershed as a hydrological unit. However, increasing biotic pressure and over-exploitation of natural resources for agricultural and nonagricultural items production lead to accelerated soil erosion and destabilizing the natural eco-system as well. India s food production depends mostly on groundwater potential. The states like Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan develop more than 100% ground water and utilized the fullest extent and have contributed a major share in the country s total food production. The NRAA (2011) highlighted the fact that rural livelihoods can be improved through participatory watershed development with a focus on integrated farming systems for enhancing income, productivity, and livelihood security in a sustainable manner. The Web and GIS-based dissemination tools offer a great deal in integrated watershed management philosophy that incorporates Blue and Green water integrating methodologies (Gosain and Rao, 2004). The Geographic Information System (GIS) attained a prominent position among the computer tools for decision support of problems with a spatial dimension. This technology has been now universally accepted as a very versatile and powerful technology for monitoring and management of the natural resources. The data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare, Government of India shows around 156 million hectares (mha) (about 49 percent of the total geographical area) as the cultivated acreage. In terms of spatial distribution about 53 mha irrigated, 90 mha rainfed and 14 mha of a fallow area. The forest area is estimated to be 68 mha (22 percent). An estimate further puts the degraded land at 174 mha (53 percent) of the 329 mha of the geographical area. The majority of this area 107 mha is degraded on account of water erosion, whereas the contribution of other factors to land degradation include: wind erosion mha, degraded forests mha, water logging 8.52 mha, shifting cultivation 4.91 mha, and salt affected areas 3.97 mha (Sharma, 2002). The watershed development program is, therefore, considered as an effective tool for addressing many of these problems and recognized as a potential engine for agricultural growth and development in fragile and marginal rain-fed areas (Joshi et al. 2005;).Sustainability of the watershed development programme depends on with the use of a scientific database for planning purposes. It should provide basic information comprising various categories of hydrologic units, their prioritization with respect to the objective of the program and terrain characteristics for evolving strategy by policy makers. Subsequently, the detailed database of soil and land characteristics is required for preparation of working plan at a micro level. In this context, governance is considered to be the range of political, social, economic and administrative systems that are in place to develop and manage land and water resources and the delivery of water services at different levels of society. 212

3 The importance of scientific database for natural resources management is an established fact, but the affinity to use the same is limited that caused all developmental activities short-lived. The advent of modern tools in the acquisition of real-time data on soil and land attributes, storage and creation of a digital spatial database and their dissemination to the user communities has facilitated the problems related to the inadequacy of optimal database for natural resource management. The administrative boundaries of governance systems do not match spatially with the physical boundaries of land and water systems, and should be taken into account within Integrated Land and Water Resource Management ILWRM (Calder et al, 2004). The micro-watershed is similar to the cadastral level defined earlier and one need to address the field and plot level as well if the objective is to address the livelihoods. 1.1 Historical perspective of watershed development programs Organized governmental efforts initiated during 1930 s under the banner of dry farming research had a substantial component of watershed management. After independence in 1947, five-year plans were initiated to address all development issues. A variety of programmes was created to tackle problems like soil erosion, soil moisture depletion, runoff, deforestation, etc. In , a multidisciplinary soil conservation department was set up at Hazaribagh under the Damodar Valley Corporation for watershed management and land reclamation. The Central Soil Conservation Board established in In the First Five Year Plan ( ), a chain of Soil Conservation Research, Demonstration and Training Centres was established in These centres were reorganized under Central Soil & Water Conservation Research and Training Institute (CSWCRTI), Dehradun in The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare launched Soil conservation scheme in river valley projects in for watershed protection in 27 catchments. Watershed technologies were first demonstrated in actual field settings through integrated watershed management techniques in the mid-seventies through the Operational Research Projects (ORPs) on watersheds by CSWCRTI. During the year , watershed programs were initiated for Flood Prone Rivers by Agriculture Ministry. Forty-seven model watersheds were developed in different agro-ecological regions of the country in 1983 jointly by the Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute (CSWCRTI), Dehradun and Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, in collaboration with State Governments and State Agricultural Universities. The Ministry of Rural Development has developed a number of projects in like DPAP, DDP, and IWDP to address the needs of the backward and needy regions using a watershed approach. Ministry of Agriculture has developed NWDPRA during the eighth plan, a watershed to treat rainfed areas. Western Ghats Development Programme of Union Planning Commission spreads over an area of 16 M ha in the States of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala also started following integrated watershed-based approach since for eco-restoration including Hill Area Development Programme (HADP). The World Bank, DANIDA, EEC, Indo-German, Indo-Swiss and Japanese aided Watershed Projects were also initiated as externally funded watershed programmes. Apart from these national/international level programmes, a number of State Governments sponsored and NGOs supported watershed programmes were subsequently started during the eighties and nineties. In 1994 Dharia committee was constituted to study wasteland development and had analyzed and recommended that SWC encompass degraded and non-degraded lands, insisted on more integrated watershed development and the need for a single agency to address all 213

4 conservation issues. Ministry of Rural Development had revised the guidelines of Hanumantha Rao committee (1995) for watershed selection by implementing HARIYALI guidelines in 2004 that were simpler to follow. In summary, the watershed development programme in India has evolved through various stages. The first generation programmes were highly centralized, with major emphasis on technical aspects. The second generation projects were redesigned with community participation as the central theme, together with major decentralization of procedures and an emphasis on indigenous technologies. The projects taken up during the second generation addresses the sustainability concerns to a large extent and also paid attention to institutional and technology issues related to efficient management of water resources. 1.2 Watershed approach in Government programmes To meet the growing needs of the human and animal population, soil and water conservation measures on a large scale are required. During the First and Fifth five-year plan, the watershed approach got wider acceptance and included more programmes. A national policy was adopted to use watersheds of various sizes for the development of land and water resources for production as well as conservation. The selection of watersheds and its development to be done based priority and severity of their problems. Each watershed is studied and the practices of land and watershed developments are applied to fit not only the physical situation but also the people s needs. About 5000 detailed project reports are prepared for identifying micro-watersheds (Tideman, 2004) Watershed atlas of India The concept of a watershed as the planning unit for the development of land and water resources has been available for long, but the watershed approach has gained importance since 1974.Realizing the needs of user departments and implementing agencies, the AISLUS (1990) developed a system for delineating and codifying the catchment area into smaller hydrologic units. The first edition of the Watershed Atlas of India on 1: 1 million scale in the year This Atlas followed a framework of representing hydrologic units of various sizes with unique codes. This Atlas also introduced a National Level Delineation and Codification system of Watershed with a hierarchal system. The demand for digital spatial data for effective implementation of all land-based development programmes necessitated preparation of an updated, revised and digital version of Watershed Atlas of India. The second edition of the Watershed Atlas of India developed and updated with a digital version on 1: 1 million scales. This Digital Atlas provides a spatial distribution of Water Resource Regions, Basins, Catchments, Sub-catchments and Watersheds on 1 : 1 million scales, including statistical information on area coverage of each hydrologic unit falling in different states and districts, rivers and streams. This Atlas contains 76 map plates on 1 is to 1 million scale accompanied by the Compendium of Watersheds, comprising 6 Water Resource Regions, 37 Basins, 117 Catchments, 588 Sub-catchments and 3851 watersheds codified in a systematic alphanumeric manner. It also provides methodological details, useful guidance on the utilization of the Atlas for locating the watersheds and obtaining their extents with the corresponding administrative units. 214

5 1.3 Need for Development of micro watershed atlas One important observation emerging from various experiences and past efforts in watershed development is that home expertise is available in the country to address all dimensions of watershed development, but the line departments prepare their own plans and often there is no inter-department coordination. Secondly, people s participation and social perspectives are absent and thirdly, there is an absence of a database of natural resources such as hydrology, land, and water at micro-watershed level i.e. at large scale in various river basins of the country. Therefore, there is need of a national policy framework, essentially required for bringing uniformity in the execution of watershed development and evaluation to study the impact of watershed schemes. At present, the watershed codification up to the micro-watershed level for the whole country is not complete. Action plans in most cases are not prepared on scientific basis using natural resource data developed using high-resolution satellite data on a large scale survey (1:10,000 scales). The watershed monitoring and impact assessment is not done in most of the watersheds. This leads to a somewhat haphazard approach to treatment and monitoring. Considering these facts and responding to the consistent demand for the national framework of Micro watersheds by the user agencies in standardized formats, Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI). Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India has developed a methodology for systematic delineation and codification for generation of micro watershed atlas with 1:50,000 scale with interactive web-based display development which would not require expensive GIS software to provide micro watershedwise information to the local user department via the Internet to prepare the action plan for an area of interest. 2. Development of micro-watershed atlas of Haryana This paper discuss in details about development of digital micro watershed atlas of Haryana state with the objectives of a) Development of State-wise Digital Micro watershed Atlas of Haryana using GIS using systematic delineation and codification system b) To provide the Distinct Spatial Extent and Unique National Code to every micro-watershed of the state c) For creation of Citizen-centric Platform for Promoting Use of Geospatial Information at local Level through interactive using ICT structure 2.1 Methodology The study has been carried out using materials 1) Digital Watershed Atlas of India (Million scale) 2) Survey of India (SOI) Topographical Map (1:50,000) scale 3) Workstation 4) Arc- GIS Software. The state micro-watershed framework has been developed from a database generated by the organization out in 1:50,000 scale. The steps involved in the preparation of state micro watershed atlas for watershed development planning are: a) Preparation of drainage map: The drainage map prepared from tracing out drainage from a survey of toposheet in 1: 50,000 scale b) Delineation and Codification of Hydrologic Units. The SLUSI has initiated delineation and codification of hydrologic units in the country, since launching of Centrally Sponsored Scheme on Soil and Water Conservation in the catchments of River Valley Project during III Five-Year Plan. The delineation of a hydrologic unit is carried out following hierarchical system of rivers/streams based on drainage network. The 215

6 codification of hydrologic unit is made to assign a unique code to all hydrologic units following Alfa-numeric Codification System. These are natural hydrologic entities that cover a specific aerial extent of land from which rainwater flows to a defined gully, stream or river of a particular point. The size of the watershed is dependent on the size of interception of the stream or river and the drainage density and its distribution. The drainage network helps in the delineation of a watershed for a particular river system. Watershed Atlas of India published Soil and Land Use Survey of India, Ministry of Agriculture and farmers welfare, Govt. of India (1990) which is brought into the digital environment in (2012), has been referred for delineation and codification up to watershed level. The further classification starting from sub -watershed to micro-watershed at Figure 2 is done following the guidelines of Watershed Atlas of India over the drainage network as prepared using SOI toposheets Stages of delineation Systematic Hierarchical System of delineation and codification of micro-watersheds have been carried out starting from biggest to a smallest hydrological unit. The river basin of the country was taken as geographic reference and the systematic delineation of the entire river systems. The whole of India was delineated into six Water Resources Regions (Khosla, 1994): Region1 : Indus Drainage Region2 : Ganges Drainage Region 3 : Brahmaputra Drainage Region 4 : All Drainage flowing into the Bay of Bengal except those at 2 and 3 Region 5 : All Drainage flowing into the Arabian Sea except that at 1 Region 6 : The Ephemeral drainage in Rajasthan 2 Each Water Resource Region is divided into different basins to include all drainage systems of a river into one basin. In some of the cases, where the drainage systems are too large, drainage systems of a river has been delineated into more than one basin to divide the river into upper and lower basins and/or left the bank and right bank basins. 3 The basins are further sub-divided into a number of catchments, which mostly pertain to main tributaries or a group of contiguous small tributaries or individual streams. 4 As the fourth stage of delineation, each catchment is further divided into a number of subcatchments, which are mainly smaller tributaries and streamlets. 5 Each sub-catchment is bifurcated into a number of watersheds which is considered as the smallest hydrologic entity in the 1:1M scale map. Thus, delineation has been done in 7 stages starting with Water Resource Regions (WRR) and their subsequent division into Basins, Catchments, Sub-catchments and Watersheds on 1:1 M scale Digital Watershed Atlas of India published by Soil and Land Use Survey India (Anon, 2012). Since the size of a watershed delineated at 1:1 Million scale Watershed Atlas of India has varied from 20 K ha to 100 K ha and the micro-watersheds would have an area of about 500 ha. As it is well known, a watershed is a natural Geo-hydrological unit, which drains into a common point. The actual area of a micro-watershed may vary keeping in view biophysical conditions, shape, size and drainage density will be much more useful than considering the basin as a whole. In view of the working feasibility of the implementing agency and with the objectives of identifying and recognizing each micro watershed with distinct spatial extent, the watersheds are further sub-divided into sub-watersheds and micro-watersheds considering the lower order of drainage so that the area of the hydrologic unit would be viable for any watershed 216

7 development schemes. The delineation of sub-watersheds and micro-watersheds are carried on 1:50,000 scale by maintaining the watershed boundaries and codes of Watershed Atlas of India (2012). The SLUSI has fixed the average size of the micro-watersheds approximately in the range of ha considering biophysical and geographical limitations Codification System The micro-watershed with the distinct spatial extent has been symbolized with Unique National Code. The codification system provides the unique national code to each microwatershed without losing its identity of higher level delineation such as catchments and basin. The different stages of delineation mentioned above have been codified in a systematic way, alternating with Arabic numerals, English capital, and small alphabets as follows: 1) Water Resources Regions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 2) Basins A, B, C, D, E, F 3) Catchments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 4) Sub-Catchments A, B, C, D, E, F, G 5) Watersheds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 6) Sub-watersheds a, b, c, d, f, g (except e, i, l and o) 7) Micro watersheds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Thus, a micro-watershed, which is designated as 5D5A6b1connotes, 5 : Region (Rivers flowing into the Arabian Sea) 5D : Basin (Narmada) 5D5 : Catchment (Tawa confluence of Marble rocks left bank of Narmada) 5D5A : Sub-catchment (Tawa confluence to Denwa) 5D5A6 : Watershed (Sonbhadra) 5D5A6b : Sub-watershed 5D5A6b1 : Micro-watershed 2.2 Criteria for delineation and codification Delineation and codification of hydrologic units are governed by the intrinsic complexity of the drainage network. Therefore, certain criteria have been developed by SLUSI for systematic delineation and codification of hydrologic units. During delineation, maximum effort should be given to dividing the drainage system of a river/stream into upper and lower systems and the hydrologic unit covering lower drainage systems are codified first, followed by the hydrologic unit covering higher drainage systems. The hydrologic unit boundary should be drawn in such a way that the same boundary should follow the ridge line (highest contour point) of two drainage systems and should not cross any major drainage lines. If delineation could not be done by following upper and lower delineation system, then delineation and codification should be done following left-right-left approach. Thus the hydrologic unit located on the left bank of the river/stream is codified first, followed by the hydrologic unit located on the right and then again left and so on. Boundary of two hydrologic units located on the left and the right bank of a major river should pass through the midway line of the river channel, whereas the drainage line of a minor river/stream depicted by a single line on the Survey of India (SOI) toposheet will represent as the boundary of the two hydrologic units located on left and right bank of the major river /stream. While following a left-right-left rule, it is to be kept in mind that the delineation and codification of the entire drainage system of a river/stream located on the left bank should be 217

8 completed first before considering other drainage/tributaries of a river/stream located on the right bank. The discrete drainage system should be kept as a separate entity. Direct draining river/stream should be separated from the rest of the drainage network of a big river. However, these rules may be modified during the course of delineation and codification depending on the heterogeneity/complexity of the concerned drainage network. 2.3 Preparation of hydrologic unit layer Toposheet-wise base maps are prepared onto 75-micron tracing film. To prepare base maps / line maps for different layers, all grid lines of toposheets along with geographic coordinates is transferred onto tracing film using 0.2 mm rotating black ink pen. Drainage maps were initially prepared by tracing all drainage lines available on 1:50,000 Survey of India Toposheets onto 75-micron tracing film. These maps were used as base maps for delineation and codification of hydrologic units. On the drainage maps, catchment, sub-catchment and watershed boundaries of Watershed Atlas of India (2012) were initially transferred. Subwatersheds and micro-watersheds were then systematically delineated and codified following the methodology developed by Soil & Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI).After finalization of delineation and codification, the boundaries of Hydrologic Units (HU) were transferred onto 75-micron tracing film to prepare single theme line maps pertaining to HU. The line maps are also scanned to generate digital layer using GIS software. 2.4 Development of digital database In emerging technology paradigm, Geographical Information System (GIS) has emerged as a powerful tool which has a potential to organize complex spatial environment with tabular relationships A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing feature events on earth. The GIS used extensively in digitization of micro-watershed atlas development. It requires basic physical characteristics of a watershed such as the drainage network and flows path derived from the readily available Survey of India Toposheets in 1:50,000 scales which has been extensively used to generate drainage Dataset (DR). The most important part is an accurate delineation of micro-watershed, which is the accuracy of the data source used. In this study, topographic data from Survey of India toposheets of 1:50,000 scale in the form of contours used for drawing of watershed and micro-watershed boundary and confirmed with BHUVAN available at standard DEM open source data of 30 meter interval and the LISS-III Remote sensing data have also been explored in GIS for increasing the accuracy in the delineation of a micro-watersheds. Accurate delineation of a watershed plays an extremely important role in the management of the watershed. The delineated boundaries form the nucleus around which the management efforts such as land use, land change, soil types, geology and river flows are analyzed and appropriate conclusions were drawn. First, the drainage data created in digital format after scanning of drainage line map and Geo-referencing of raster TIFF formats, it is followed by raster to vector conversion in shapefile format in polyline feature class and were projected in India_Everest_1937 using India_Nepal datum in a geographic coordinate system. Thereafter the delineated watersheds line map also digitized in the same fashion here identity of each hydrological stage viz. Basin, catchment, Watershed, etc. were protected by providing unique line ID to every segment to the stage it belongs. Topology analysis was made after exporting feature data set in a Geodatabase format to from the spatial relation between the 218

9 different stages of delineation and to protect the identity of each stage of delineation and also remove the nodes within every segment. The topology layer, then again exported to shapefile as clean polyline feature which is used for converting to polygon feature using conversion tool and every micro-watershed code then added by creating a new field in polygon feature. The area, details of each micro-watershed generated out of projected polygon feature with polyconic projection using the Arc-Map projection utility. The digital spatial database is created from the maps which have been generated through delineation and codification of micro watershed. The steps involved in preparation of digital spatial database is explained in Figure Results and discussion The systematic delineation and codification of micro watersheds in the state of Haryana resulted in the formation of 799 sub watersheds and 5264 Micro watersheds each one of these are having distinct spatial extent and unique national code. The average size of delineation is in the range of 200 ha to 2,380 ha. The details of distribution of these watersheds and micro-watersheds in different districts are given in Table- 1 and 2. Sr. No WRR Region 1- Indus Drainage Region 2- Ganges Drainage Region 6: The Ephemeral drainage area Table 1: Hydrological distribution of watersheds in Haryana state Subcatchments Basin Catchment Watersheds 1A 2C 6D 1A1 2C5 2C6 6D1 6D2 1A1B, 1A1D 1A1B6, 1A1D1 2C5D 2C5D1,2C5D3,2C5D4, 2C5D5, 2C5D6 2C5E 2C5E1, 2C5E2, 2C5F 2C5F1, 2C5F2, 2C5F3, 2C5F4, 2C5F5, 2C5F6, 2C5F7, 2C5F8, 2C5F9 2C5G 2C5G1, C5G2,2C5G3 2C5G4, 2C5G6 2C5H 2C5H1,2C5H2,2C5H4 2C5J 2C5J1, 2C5J2 2C6B 2C6B1, 2C6C 2C6C1, 2C6C3, 2C6C4 6D1E 6D1E1, 6D1E2 6D1E3, 6D1E4, 6D1E5, 6D1E6, 6D1E 7, 6D1E 8, 6D1E9 6D1F 6D1F1, 6D1F2, 6D1F3, 6D1F4, 6D1F5, 6D1F6 6D2A 6D2A9, 6D2B 6D2B1, 6D2B2, 6D2B3, 6D2B7, 6D2C 6D2C2, 6D2C3, 6D2C4, 6D2C5, 6D2C6, 6D2C8, 6D2C9 6D2D1,6D2D2, 6D2D3, 6D2D4, 6D2D 6D2D5 6D2D6, 6D2D7, 6D2D8, 6D2D9 219

10 District Table 2: District-wise distribution of micro-watersheds in the Haryana state Subwatersh Watersh Micro Watersh Regi Basi Catchme Sub-catch ed ed ed on n nt Code Code Number Number Number s s s Area (Ha ) AMBALA 6 6D 6D2 6D2D BHIWANI 2 2C 2C5 2C5F, 2C5G D 6D1 6D1E, 6D1F FARIDABAD 2 2C 2C5 2C6 2C5D, 2C5E, 2C5F 2C6B, 2C6C FATEHABAD 6 6D 6D1 6D1E D2 6D2C GURGAON 2 2C 2C5 2C5D, 2C5E, 2C5F, 2C5G HISAR 6 6D 6D1 6D1E, 6D1F D2 6D2C JHAJJAR 2 2C 2C5 2C5F, 2C5G JIND 2 2C 2C5 2C5F D 6D1 6D1E, 6D1F 6D2 6D2C, 6D2D KAITHAL 6 6D 6D1 6D1F D2 6D2C, 6D2D KARNAL 2 2C 2C5 2C5F, 2C5J 2C6 2C6C D 6D1 6D1F 6D2 6D2D KURUKSHET RA MAHENDRAG ARH 2 2C 2C5 2C5J D 6D1 6D2 6D1F 6D2D 2 2C 2C5 2C5G, 2C5H D 6D1 6D1E MEWAT 2 2C 2C5 2C5D, 2C5E, 2C5F, 2C5G, C5H PALWAL 2 2C 2C5 2C5D, 2C5E PANCHKULA 1 1A 1A1 1A1B, 1A1D D 6D2 6D2B, 6D2C, 6D2D PANIPAT 2 2C 2C5 2C5F 2C6 2C5J, 2C6C REWARI 2 2C 2C5 2C5G, 2C5H ROHTAK 2 2C 2C5 2C5F D 6D1 6D1F SIRSA 6 6D 6D1 6D1E

11 District Regi on Basi n Catchme nt Code Sub-catch Code 6D2 6D2A, 6D2B, 6D2C SONIPAT 2 2C 2C5 2C5F, 2C5J 2C6 2C6C 6 6D 6D1 6D1F YAMUNA 2C5 2C5J 2 2C NAGAR 2C6 2C6C 6 6D 6D1 6D1F 6D2 6D2D Total area of the State Watersh ed Number s Subwatersh ed Number s Micro Watersh ed Number s Area (Ha ) ,10, Platform-Free micro watershed atlas The objective is to develop a platform free micro-watershed atlas is to develop a dissemination plan at micro / a village level. However, the villagers may not have hardware and GIS software to view the extent and code of micro watershed of their village area. Thus the development of platform-free spatial database concept has been promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, platform-free means the spatial data converted into image format and it is available on the website through HTML for dissemination to the local users. It would enable people to select the micro-watershed area per their interest and take a print out for water resource development using SLUSI website namely The platform is developed using various softwares such as Arc GIS, QGIS, Macromedia Fireworks, Java script, python script and HTML.A procedure to view the Micro Watershed Atlas of Haryana (MWAH) is illustrated in Figure 2, shows the Haryna.html file having Haryana state map, namely Harayana-state.png ( image file format) and hyper link shows the href attribute that specifies the link's destination namely Panchakula.html file to show watersheds on the Panchakula district map. After clicking in the Panchakula, it shows a Panchakula district map as punchakula.png (image file format) and hyperlinks to watersheds of this district. Similar links provided up to the Microwatershed level. 4.1 Utilization and social impact The digital micro-watershed atlas of Haryana State can be used by Central and State Governments, research institution, universities and non-government organizations (NGO) towards the formulation of soil and water conservation working plans. The platform-free access of micro-watershed atlas helps the people to get access to the Georeferenced information in the form of the name and spatial extent of micro-watersheds with drainage and village name and extent but also concerned state implementing agency can prepare a working plan using this unique code. 221

12 Figure 2: An example for how to access Platform free Micro-watershed Atlas of Haryana Figure 1: Development of digital Geo-spatial database 222

13 5. Conclusions This paper discussed on the development of Micro-Watershed Atlas of Haryana State (MAHS) in 1: 50,000 scale. Digital Watershed Atlas of India developed by the organization on 1: 1000 K forms the base for a watershed database for delineation and codification. The MAHS consists of three catchments namely 2C, 6D and 1A under three water resource regions, namely 1, 2 and 6, which is further subdivided into five catchments namely 6D1, 6D2, 2C5, 2C6, and 1A1. It has 799 sub-watersheds and 5264 Micro watersheds. Each one of these is having distinct spatial extent and unique national code. Adopted a procedure, namely platform-free MAHS, through which anyone can view micro-watershed atlas according to their area of interest for watershed management without GIS software. The platform-free explained along with an example as Punchakula district.the development of MAHS is useful for watershed management programmers at village level for the government and nongovernment organizations. 6. References 1. Calder, I.R., Batchelor, C., Quibell, G., Gosain, A., Jewitt, G., Amezaga, J., Hope, R., James, P., Garratt, J., Simpson, E, ( 2004). Global Governance of Water and the Blue Revolution - Can we achieve better outcomes from land and water policies? International Symposium: Global Governance of Water - Water and Human Security, Tokyo, Japan. 2. Gosain, A. K., and Sandhya Rao (2004), GIS-based Technologies for Watershed Management, Current Science, 87 (7), pp Joshi PK, Jha AK, Wani SP, Joshi L and Shiyani RL. (2005), Meta-analysis to assess impact of watershed program and people s participation. Research Report 8, Comprehensive Assessment of watershed management in agriculture. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics and Asian Development Bank. 21 pp 4. MoRD, Guidelines for Haryalli, (2004). 5. NRAA (2011 ), Common Guidelines for Watershed Development Projects 2008, Revised edition 2011, National Rain-fed Area Authority, Planning Commission, GoI, New Delhi, p NWP (National Water Policy) (2002), Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India. 7. Sharma, Rita,( 2002). Development of Land for Sustainable Agricultural Production. In Principles and Practices of Integrated Watershed Management in India. (Ed) Guy Honore. Published by Indo-German Bilateral Project Watershed Management). 8. Tideman.E.M (2000). Watershed Management Guilde lies for Indian Conditions, Omega Scientific Publishers. New Delhi. 9. WAI (1990). Watershed Atlas of India (WAI). All India Soil and Land Use Survey (AISLUS), Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi. 223

14 10. WAI (2012). Watershed Atlas of India (WAI). Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Governmnet of India. 11. Wani SP, Pathak P, Sreedevi TK, Singh HP, and Singh P, (2003), Efficient Management of rainwater for Increased Crop Productivity and Groundwater Recharge in Asia. In: Kijne W, Barker R and Molden D (eds.) Water productivity in agriculture: Limits and opportunities for improvement. Cab International, Wallingford, UK, pp