Dynamics of mesoscopic magnetic systems. C. Quitmann. Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut
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1 Dynamics of mesoscopic magnetic systems C. Quitmann Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut
2 Paul Scherrer Institut Energy: Catalysis Fuel cells Nuclear energy & safety Micro- & Nano Technology Detectors SwissFEL SINQ: Neutrons Proscan: Protons SµS: Muons SLS: Photons
3 Outline Introduction Swiss Light Source Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy (STXM) Magnetization Dynamics Mesoscopic magnetic objects & magnetization dynamics Topology & static behavior Modified coupling Dynamics in trilayer squares Possible collaboration SOLARIS PSI?
4 What is a synchrotron? N beamline e - S e- light linac beamline Electro-magnetic radiation beamline 288 m booster storage ring (2.4 GeV) E ~1meV 10 1 kev Polarization beamline Brightness
5 Swiss Light Source - SLS
6 SLS machine A few facts E = 2.4 GeV Circumfrence = 288 m TBA lattice 12 * 3 dipoles (1.4 Tesla, E c = 5.5keV) 12 straights ( m, 3 7 m, 6 4 m) 1 injection RF 3 Super bends: H = 3 Tesla (E< 35 kev) Emittance H= 5.5 nm rad V = 3 pm rad Fast feedback < 200Hz (73 steering magnets) Stability < σ/10
7 Outline Introduction Swiss Light Source Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy (STXM) Magnetization Dynamics Mesoscopic magnetic objects & magnetization dynamics Topology & static behavior Modified coupling Dynamics Squares Possible collaboration SOLARIS PSI?
8 X-Ray Microscopes I. Schmid, Ultramicroscopy 110 (2010)
9 STXM Beamline & Endstation
10 Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscope
11 Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy FZP OSA x y photodiode z X-Ray beam Contrast: Sample I Trans = I 0 exp[-µ(z,hν)t] Thickness Chemical Element (Z) Bonding Orientation Magnetic
12 Magnetic absorption spectroscopy: XMCD E Fermi Co on (Ni 80 Fe 20 ) Co-2p XMCD l = ±1 s=0 Spin - up E ~ 1eV 2p 3/2 2p 1/2 Spin - down I + I XAS (arb. units) Photon energy (ev) M P M P I -I rr r 2 2 rr r rr, ( IE( EPhoton, σ) ) ~ ~ ff 3dEE x ± ± ie iey ii2p ρ ρ ( fe( EFermi ), σ ) photon 3d x y 2p f Fermi Theory: J.L.Erskine et E.A.Stern, Phys.Rev.B 12, 5016 (1975) Fe K-edge: G.Schütz, W.Wagner, W.Wilhelm, P.Kienle, R.Zeller, R.Frahm, G.Materlik, Phys.Rev.Lett. 58, 737 (1987) Ni L-edge: C.T.Chen, F.Sette, Y.Ma, et S.Modesti, Phys.Rev.B 42, 7262 (1990)
13 Outline Introduction Swiss Light Source Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy (STXM) Magnetization Dynamics Mesoscopic magnetic objects & magnetization dynamics Topology & static behavior Modified coupling Dynamics Squares Possible collaboration SOLARIS PSI?
14 Mesoscopic magnetism Vortex Domain wall P cm µm Domain 5 µm J. Raabe, PRL 94, (2005) J. Miguel, W. Kuch et al., J. Phys.: Cond. Matter (2009) S. Kasai et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. (2008)
15 Relevant time scales >10 6 s Long term stability 1 s 1 ms Thermal activation: domain nucleation & growth, viscous regime 1 1 µs 1 ns Precession (γ = 17.6 Mhz/Oe): precessional switching LLG Simulation M. Scheinfein ps 1 fs Ultra-fast demagnetization: Spin-spin & spin-lattice interaction Atomic physics M. Aeschlimann, PRL 79, 5158 (1997)
16 Magnetic length scales 10 4 km 1 cm 100 µm 10 µm 1 µm Engineering Astrophysics 100 nm Mesoscopic objects Hard disk 10 nm 1 nm Exchange length ξ Vortex Domain wall 0.1 nm Atom
17 Simulating domain patterns ;-)
18 Phenomenological Model 5 µm ω 0 Precession E = γ Heff = γ r M γ = 17.6 MHz Oe L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 8, 153 (1935). tot Damping α Numerical simulations: LLG (M. Scheinfein) OOMMF (NIST)
19 2ns Resonant Pump - Probe 70ps Probe: 500MHz H(t) Pump: 500MHz / n M(t) n = 4: 125 MHz Measure: M 0 (ν), φ(ν)
20 STXM for magnetization dynamics A. Puzic et al.: Vol. 23, No. 2, 2010, SYNCHROTRON RADIATION NEWS PSI, FZR-Dresden, MPI-Stuttgart
21 Detector: single photon counting Controlled APD bias APD Single photon sensitivity: shot noise limited Rise time ~10 2 ps: pump-probe experiments Puls amplification
22 Frequency dependance Square: Co, 2 x 2 µm, t= 50 nm Vary excitation frequency: 125 / 250 / 375 MHz frequency resolution: f = 500 MHz/n n = number of counters (typ.: 4, 8)
23 Why magnetic bi-layers More complex static dynamics Tune coupling Interlayer spacing (IEC dipolar) Ion beam irradiation Demagnetization Goals Understand dynamics Controlled switching Config1 Config2?? H-Field
24 Bi-layer vortex topology
25 Outline Introduction Swiss Light Source Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy (STXM) Magnetization Dynamics Mesoscopic magnetic objects & magnetization dynamics Topology & static behavior Modified coupling Dynamics in trilayer squares Possible collaboration SOLARIS PSI?
26 The PolLux Beamline An example of what is possible at SLS Collaboration: PSI & Solaris? Raabe et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, U. Flechsig, "The PolLux Microspectroscopy Beamline at the Swiss Light Source Proc. of Ninth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation 2006, AIP Conference Proceedings 879, Eds Jae-Young Choi and Seungyu Rah, 505 (2006). S. Henein "Mechanical Design of a Spherical Grating Monochromator for the Microspectroscopy Beamline PolLux at the Swiss Light Source Proc. of Ninth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation 2006, AIP Conference Proceedings 879, Eds Jae-Young Choi and Seungyu Rah, 643 (2006). M. Böge "Fast polarization switching at the SLS microspectroscopy beamline POLLUX Proc. EPAC 2006, Edingburgh, United Kingdom, 3610 (2006).
27 Optical Layout
28 Energy Resolution
29 PolLux Flux 300/mm 600/mm
30 Circular polarization from BM
31 Polish SLS?
32 Status of discussion Beamline built & financed by SOLARIS Design & installation support by SLS SLS ~3 years Endstations: PEEM & XAS Transfer to Kracow once SOLARIS is operational Pro: Learn how to build & operate BL Good value for money A Polish BL as soon as ~2012 Science collaboration PL & CH Contra: No undulator Complicated agreement EU SOLARIS - PSI
33 The Future? PSI + SOLARIS: POLish Advanced Research Instrument in Switzerland POLARIS
34 Thanks to the people! J. Raabe, A. Puzic PolLux U. Flechsig T. Korhonen, B. Kalantari, U. Greuter PSI S. Wintz, T. Strache FZ-Dresden
35 Thanks for your attention!
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