Presenting A Framework To Study Linkages Among Tqm Practices, Supply Chain Management Practices, And Performance Using Dematel Technique
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1 Australia Joural of Basic ad Applied Scieces, 5(9): , 20 ISSN Presetig A Framework To Study Likages Amog Tqm Practices, Supply Chai Maagemet Practices, Ad Performace Usig Dematel Techique Ehsa Sadeh, 2 Dr. Leila Mousavi, 3 Sia Sadeh Departmet of Maagemet, Faculty of Maagemet ad Accoutig, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Aliabad Katoul Brach, Aliabad, Golesta provice, Ira. 2 Departmet of Maagemet, Faculty of Maagemet ad Accoutig, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Aliabad Katoul Brach, Aliabad, Golesta provice, Ira. 3 Departmet of Idustrial Egieerig, Faculty of Egieerig, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Abhar Brach, Abhar, Zaja provice, Ira. Abstract: Recet studies illustrate sigificat relatioships amog total quality, supply chai, ad performace of the orgaizatio. The aim of this study is to preset a causal model to study relatios amog factors of TQM, SCM, ad performace. DEMATEL techique is employed to preset the model based o resposes of 25 experts i Ira automobile idustry. Iitially, from the literature review several relatios were idetified. After the aalysis, results supported 28 relatios amog the factors. Results of this study supported iterrelatioships amog factors of TQM, SCM, ad performace. Key words: TQM, SCM, DEMATEL, Field of Research: Operatios Maagemet INTRODUCTION Total Quality Maagemet (TQM) tries to improve performace through effective itegratio of several practices. Compaies workig i automobile idustry have a good backgroud i applicatio of TQM philosophy. Several studies supported positive relatioships betwee itroductio of TQM practices ad improvemet of performace (Brah et al., 2002). Besides, the effects of Supply Chai Maagemet (SCM) o firm performace i maufacturig idustries have also bee extesively documeted (Ou et al., 200). This idicates that firms are tryig to improve their performace through improvig practices of supply chai. All these evidece that the triad of TQM practices, supply chai practices, ad performace should be itegrated withi a framework. The aim of this study is presetig a coceptual framework to illustrate relatios amog TQM practices, SCM practices, ad performace i automobile idustry i Ira. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review Ou et al. (200) tried to ivestigate the impacts of supply chai o fiacial ad o-fiacial performace of compaies. They proposed a structural model ad attempted to test it usig data from iformatio-related idustries i Taiwa. Fially, direct effects of SCM practices o performace were supported by data. Fyes et al. (2005) aimed to study relatioships amog SCM practices ad performace. They suggested a structural model ad tried to examie it i compaies i electroic idustries i Irelad Republic. Results supported the direct effect of SCM o performace. Prabhu et al. (2000) aimed to study cotributio of TQM practices o competitiveess ad performace of orgaizatios. They foud compaies which systematically adopt practice of TQM are achievig sigificatly higher performace levels. Shaukat et al. (2002) aimed to study relatioships betwee TQM ad performace of compaies i Sigapore. Fidigs supported the cotributio of TQM to performace. Kumar et al. (2009) ivestigated iflueces of TQM practices o dimesios of compay performace. They coducted a questioaire-based iterview to collect data from Caadia compaies. Data supported direct cotributio of TQM o all dimesios of performace. Demirbag et al. (2006) evaluated direct impact of TQM o performace of Small compaies. They tested this assumptio usig data from Turkish firms. Data supported the cotributio of TQM to performace. Vaichchichai ad Igel (20) aimed to study relatios amog total quality, supply chai, ad performace. They itroduced iformatio, lea system, partership, ad strategy ad orgaizatio as dimesios of the supply chai. Also, they Correspodig Author: Ehsa Sadeh, Departmet of Maagemet, Faculty of Maagemet ad Accoutig, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Aliabad Katoul Brach, Aliabad, Golesta provice, Ira ehsa.sadeh@yahoo.com 885
2 cosidered customer focus, commitmet ad strategy, huma resource, ad iformatio aalysis as practices of TQM. Further, they idicated cost, flexibility, relatioship, ad resposiveess as compoets of the performace. Results idicated direct effect of TQM o SCM practices ad also performace. Also, fidigs supported direct ifluece of SCM o performace. Research framework: Based o the literature review, the framework ca be preseted. The framework illustrates three groups of likages icludig: TQM practices directly affect SCM practices; TQM practices directly affect performace; ad SCM practices directly affect performace. Also, this study cosidered dimesios of TQM, SCM, ad performace based o work of Vaichchichai ad Igel (20). Research framework is show i figure. TQM practices: -Customer focus -Commitmet ad strategy -Humae resource - aalysis SCM practices: - -Lea system - -Strategy ad orgaizatio Performace: - - Relatioship - Fig. : Research framework Research Methodology: Accordig to Sadeh et al. (20), DEMATEL is able to evaluate causal relatioships amog variables based o expert s opiios. This study aims to evaluate iterrelatioships amog practices of TQM, practices of SCM, ad dimesios of performace usig DEMATEL aalysis. Resposes of 25 experts are collected to determie relatios. The procedure of DEMATEL aalysis is described accordig to Wu et al. (2008) ad Sadeh ad Arumugam (200): Step (). Calculatig Direct-relatio matrix: firstly, experts evaluate relatios i four levels. 0: o ifluece : low ifluece 2: moderate ifluece 3: high ifluece 4: very high ifluece The, the Mea value for each relatio is evaluated from resposes ad placed i average matrix A. Step (2). Calculatig ormalized Direct-relatio matrix through below formula. X k A k max j i a ij, i, j,2,..., 886
3 Step (3). Calculatig Total-relatio matrix through below formula. T X ( I X ) Step (4). Causal diagram: dimesios are grouped ito cause ad effect groups by computig (D-R) through below formula. Each dimesio with positive (D-R) is categorized i cause group ad each dimesio with egative (D-R) is categorized i effect group. Also, importace of each dimesio is reflected by (D+R). T t ij, i, j,2,..., D t ij t i Sum of rows j t R t ij tj Sum of colums i Step (5). Ier-depedece matrix is obtaied from the Total-relatio matrix as the sum of each colum should be. Aalysis: Direct-relatio matrix V V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V0 V Customer focus (V) Commitmet ad strategy (V2) Huma resource (V3) aalysis (V4) (V5) Lea system (V6) (V7) Strategy ad orgaizatio (V8) Relatioship (V0) (V) Normalized Direct-relatio matrix V V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V0 V Customer focus (V) Commitmet ad strategy (V2) Huma resource (V3) aalysis (V4)
4 (V5) Lea system (V6) (V7) Strategy ad orgaizatio (V8) Relatioship (V0) (V) Total-relatio matrix Customer (V) Commitmet strategy (V2) focus ad Huma resource (V3) aalysis (V4) (V5) Lea system (V6) (V7) Strategy ad orgaizatio (V8) Relatioship (V0) (V) V V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V0 V Promiece ad relatio matrix D R D-R D+R Customer focus (V) Commitmet ad strategy (V2) Huma resources (V3) aalysis (V4) (V5) Lea system (V6) (V7) Strategy ad orgaizatio (V8) Relatioship (V0) (V)
5 Ier-depedece matrix V V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V0 V Customer focus (V) Commitmet ad strategy (V2) Huma resource (V3) aalysis (V4) (V5) Lea system (V6) (V7) Strategy ad orgaizatio (V8) Relatioship (V0) (V) Fig. 2: Causal model 889
6 Coclusio ad Discussio: A threshold value of 0.5 is the basis of decisio i this study. This is cosidered based o the expert s decisio. Regardig to the Total-relatio matrix, values for 28 causal iflueces are higher tha the justificatio value ad sigificat. All these relatios are supported by the literature. Furthermore, regardig to the promiece ad relatio matrix, iformatio aalysis (V5) is the most effective factor. Also, flexibility relatioship (V0) is the most importat factor. REFERENCES Brah, S., S. Tee ad B. Rao, Relatioship betwee TQM ad performace of Sigapore compaies, Iteratioal Joural of Operatios & Productio Maagemet, 9(4): Demirbag, M., S. Koh, E. Tatoglu, ad S. Zaim, TQM ad market orietatio s impact o SMEs performace, Idustrial Maagemet & Data Systems, 06(8): Fyes, B., C. Voss ad S. Burca, The impact of supply chai relatioship dyamics o maufacturig performace, Iteratioal Joural of Operatios & Productio Maagemet, 25(): 6-9. Kumar, V., F. Choise, D. Grosbois ad U. Kumar, Impact of TQM o compay s performace, Iteratioal Joural of Quality & Reliability Maagemet, 26(): Ou, S., F. Liu, Y. Hug, ad D. Ye, 200. A structural model of supply chai o firm performace, Iteratioal Joural of Operatios & Productio Maagemet, 30(5): Prabhu, V., A. Appleby, D. Yarrow ad E. Mitchell, The impact of ISO 9000 ad TQM o best practice/performace, The TQM Magazie, 2(2): Sadeh, E., ad V. Arumugam, 200. Iterrelatioships amog EFQM Excellece Criteria i Iraia Idustrial SMEs, Europea Joural of Ecoomics, Fiace ad Admiistrative Scieces, (9): Sadeh, E., L. Mousavi, M. Garkaz, S. Sadeh, 20. The Structural Model of E service Quality, E-customer Satisfactio, Trust, Customer Perceived Value ad E-loyalty, Australia Joural of Basic ad Applied Scieces, 5(3): Vaichchichai, A ad B. Igel, 20. The impact of total quality o supply chai ad firm s supply performace, Iteratioal Joural of Productio Research, 49(): Wu, W., Choosig kowledge strategies by usig a combied ANP ad DEMATEL approach, Expert Systems with Applicatios, 35:
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