Spinturnicid mites from some Nigerian bats. (Acarina, Spinturnicidae) Abstract. author. Holotypes, allotypes, and the major part

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1 Bulletin Zoologisch Museum S3 S3 VAN AMSTERDAM Vol. 7 No Spinturnicid mites from some Nigerian bats (Acarina Spinturnicidae) F. Dusbábek & W. Bergmans Abstract Five species of mites belonging to three genera of the family Spinturnioidae are reported from six species of bats in Nigeria. The species are Meristaspis kenyaensis (Radford) Ancystropus aethiopicus Hirst Spinturnix walkerae Zumpt & Till S. scotophili repens ssp.n. and S. intectus sp.n. Male and female specimens of the two new taxa are fully described and figured. Zoogeographical and taxonomical implications of the results of this study are discussed. INTRODUCTION author. Holotypes allotypes and the major part of the paratypes and of other specimens are While collecting bats in Nigeria in 1976 (Berg deposited in the collection of the Zoôlogisch mans 1977) the junior author also collected bat Museum Amsterdam. The remainder including some parasites among which a small collection of paratypes is in the collection of the Institute mites of the family Spinturnicidae. This material of Parasitology of the Czechoslovak Academy of taken from six species of bats includes three Sciences Prague. genera and five species of mites two of which In the following descriptions all measurements proved to represent new taxa. The results of are given in pm. the study of this material are presented in this The minimum and maximum measurements of a specified number of paratypes are paper. Identifications of bats are by the junior given between brackets.

2 66 TAXONOMIC SECTION applied. Following these conclusions the type host of Spinturnix scotophili appears to be 1. Meristaspis kenyaensis (Radford 1947) Scotophilus dinganii and as other hosts S. nigrita and S. leucogaster can be registered. Material examined. By courtesy of Dr. F. Zumpt of the South 3 <J<5 and from 23 specimens of Eidolon African Institute for Medical Research in helvum helvum (Kerr 1792) Ife Nigeria 13VIII Johannesburg we had the opportunity to study the 1976 collector W. Bergmans. mite from the type host S. dinganii (1? from Ngaouyanga Cameroon the host originally designated as S. nigrita) and to compare it with mites 2. Ancystropus aethiopicus Hirst 1923 from our material taken from S. nigrita (designated as S. gigas by Bergnans 1977) We have found some morphological differences between 1 9 from Micropteropus pusillus (Peters 1867) mites of these two hosts which permit us to Ibadan Nigeria 6VIII1976; 3 <5d 7 and 5 separate specimens from S. nigrita as a new taxon inmatures from 4 specimens of the same host Ife on the subspecific level. Nigeria 17VIII1976; 3 <*<* 19 and 1 irrmature from Hypsignathus monstrosus Allen 1861 Ibadan Nigeria 4VIII1976; all collected by W. Spinturnix scotophili repens ssp.n. Material examined. Bergmans. Material examined. 9 holotype <5 allotype and c5<j and 3. Spinturnix walkerae Zumpt & Till irrmatures paratypes from Scotophilus nigrita Schreber (sensu Robbins 1978) (= Scotophilus Material examined. gigas gigas Bergmans 1977) Agege 20 km north 3 <S< and 5 inmatures from Myotis bocagei of Lagos Nigeria 7VIII1976 collector W. cupreolus Thomas 1904 Pandam Nigeria 1VII Bergjnans collector W. Bergjnans. Description. 9 (holotype) : Idiosoma length 1512 ( Spinturnix scotophili Zumpt & Till 1954 in five paratypes) width 1165 ( ). Dorsum (fig. 1 A): Dorsal plate broadly This mite species was originally described from lanceolate with rounded anteromedian projection Scotophilus murinoflavus (Heuglin 1861) in Sudan which lately has been synonymized with with numerous oval fossae and very fine punctation 880 (861906) long and 698 (695716) wide. Scotophilus nigrita (Schreber 1774) (e.g. Kock Eigjit of microsetae and 3 of small 1969) and interpreted by Anciaux de Faveaux circular pores situated on the plate. Two (1971) as S. nigrita colias Thomas It was of large rounded pores situated in propodosomal also reported from Scotophilus nigrita nigrita part of idiosoma the first outside the second and S. gigas Dobson 1875 in Zaire and from inside of Çhe plate. Uncovered integument with S. leucogaster (Cretzschmar 1830) in Cameroon fine scalelike pattern without teeth. A fine (Benoit 1958 ab; Anciaux de Faveaux 1965). Robbins (1978) who studied the taxcnomic histories of S. nigrita and S. gigas indicated that many misunderstandings occur in the identi punctation along the plate discernible under or in the integument but not on its surface. Five of dorsal rough propodosomal setae (113177) long the second pair the shortest the fication of these two taxa. He concluded that fourth and fifth the longest. 42 (4450) rougi bats previously called Scotophilus gigas are in dorsal opisthosomal setae (108179) long. fact S. nigrita and that for the specimens pre Peritreme terminates ventrally with small circular viously called S. nigrita the next available pore. name S. dinganii (A.Smith 1833) should be Venter (fig. IB): Tritosternal plate small

945 1134 882 67 of irregular oval form 28 (2033) long and 48 Venter (fig. 2 B) : Tritosternal plate broadly (3045) wide without lateral emargination as ovalshaped 20 (1828) long and 40 (4061) wide.

3 of irregular oval form 28 (2033) long and 48 Venter (fig. 2 B) : Tritosternal plate broadly (3045) wide without lateral emargination as ovalshaped 20 (1828) long and 40 (4061) wide. described in S. scotophili scotophili by Zumpt & Genitoventral plate 320 (308) long 217 (222) Till (1954) or Rudnick (I960). Sternal plate 157 wide strongly reticulated. Only first pair of (154167) long 172 (169179) wide pentagonal genitoventral setae situated on plate; second with pronounced blunt apex reticulated with and third lie on border or outside plate. only two of small circular pores. Three Two of small circular pores on plate. Two of sternal setae situated outside of plate of intercoxal and one pair of divided measure 28 (2833). Metasternal setae of same metasternal platelets present. Anal plate similar length. Genital plate elongated finely longitudinally sculptured long and in middle to that of 9. Posteriorly to genitoventral plate 12 (1013) short setae. Ventral integumentation part 4045 wide in some paratypes. Genital pattern broadly scalelike. setae posterior to plate. Two of inter Gnathosoma: Base of gnathosoma 177 wide coxal platelets situated between coxae III and gnathosomal setae 33 (303*0 long. Fixed chela IIIII. Metasternal platelets divided into two with 8 small distinct parts. Anal plate 60 (5060) long fine teeth movable digit with two subapical teeth only. 40 (4045) wide anus with two pronounced lobes Legs : As in 9 ; lengths as follows : I 992 situated terminally. Only 14 (1618) very short ( ) II 819 (787866) III 771 (787 (2023) setae posteriorly to the genital pair. 882) IV ( ). Gnathosoma: Base of gnathosoma YjG wide gpathosomal setae Fixed digit Discussion. of ehelicerae with 6 distinct teeth. The new subspecies differs from the nominate Legs: All dorsal setae including proximal one primarily in the greater body measurements of the 9 (only 1260 x 929 in Spinturnix seta on femur I long rough and stout. In holotype proximal dorsal seta onfemur I 270 other dorsal femoral setae Posteroventral seta on scotophili scotophili examined) in greater measurements of sternal plate (only x 141 legs I and II and anteroventral setae on legs in nominate subspecies) and in shorter propodoso III and IV long and rough to dentate. Lengths mal 13 and opisthosomal setae (both of legs as follows: I ( ) II in Spinturnix scotophili scotophili examined) (886929) III (811913) IV 1102 In the? of Spinturnix scotophili repens dorsal ( ). opisthosomal setae clearly separated in a central c5 (allotype): Idiosoma 1055 ( in five group of 8 setae (4 ) and two lateral paratypes) long 882 (882960) wide. groups of remaining setae (in the nominate sub Dorsum (fig. 2 A): Dorsal plate lanceolate species these setae are regularly dispersed on with anteromedian projection only slightly defined 867 ( ) long 660 (660679) wide of similar structure as in 9. It bears 8 of microsetae and 3 of small circular pores; two of greater rounded propodosomal the posterior margin of body). Tritosternal plate of adifferent shape in the new subspecies as it is without lateral emargination. In id the measurements of body and plates are also greater in the new subspecies if compared pores in lateral part of plate. Uncovered with data of Zumpt & Till ( 195*0. integument with elongated scalelike pattern without teeth or punctation. Five of rough propodosomal setae the second 5. Spinturnix intectus sp.n. the shortest the fourth and fifth the longest. There 26 are (2529) rougi dorsal opisthosomal setae length (71136) from which seta nearest to stigna the longest reaching Material examined. 9 holotype <3 allotype and 3 " and 7 immatures paratypes from Scotophilus dinganii Peritreme terminating ventrally circular pore. with small (A. Smith) (sensu Robbins 1978) (= S. nigrita Bergnans 1977) Ibadan Nigeria 9VIII1976;

866 866 756 68 1 9 1 c5 and 1 iranature paratypes from the same Legs: Dorsal setae rough stout and long host and locality 6VIII1976; all collected by proximal seta on femur I other dorsal femoral W.

4 c5 and 1 iranature paratypes from the same Legs: Dorsal setae rough stout and long host and locality 6VIII1976; all collected by proximal seta on femur I other dorsal femoral W. Bergmans. setae in holotype. Posteroventral setae on legs I and II and anteroventral setae on Description. legs III and IV long rough to dentate. Coxae I 9 (holotype): Idiosoma length 1528 ( in four paratypes) width 1134 ( ). relatively narrow width in excavation of medial margin Length of legs as follows: Dorsum (fig. 3 A): Dorsal plate 842 (835858) I ( ) II 787 (756787) III 708 long 732 (693740) wide of broadly rhombic (718819) IV (850913). <5 (allotype) : Idiosoma 1102 long ( 1149 in one shape with narrow anteromedian and posteromedian projection and irregular generally longi paratype) 858 (890) wide. Dorsum (fig. 4 A): Dorsal plate broadly rhombic with anterior and posterior projection 766 (787) long 630 (669) wide of similar structure as in tudinally reticulated patterns mainly in anteroand posterolateral part of plate finely punctated. Numerous fossae 89 of microsetae and 4 of small circular pores on 9. Numerous fossae 8 of rrdcrosetae and 3 plate the propodosomal pair of pores being different in its structure. Another pair of of small circular pores on plate. Uncovered integument with scalelike pattern without teeth. large propodosomal pores situated outside of the Five of dorsal propodosomal setae plate. Integument along plate with fine scalelike pattern and without teeth. Five of rough dorsal propodosomal setae ( ) long the first pair being the longest (126185) long the second the shortest the first and fifththe longest. Setae of first and second pair similarly as setae of third and fourth pair relatively near to each other. Only 6 rough dorsal opisthosomal the second and third the shortest. About 20 (2026) setae on dorsal side of opisthosoma setae length (144162) posteriorly to the stigma; four of these (two ) near the (188270) long forming two lateral stigma only one pair on posterior body marscin. groups of 811 setae near each stigma and one central group of only 4 setae posteriorly. Peritreme relatively short (358377) terminating ventrally with small circular pore. Venter (fig. 3 B) : Tritostemal plate 23 (23) long and 38 (33) wide but completely absent in three paratype specimens. Sternal plate small 144 (144148) long 104 (106141) wide irregularly finely grooved and scratched with only two of small rounded pores. Three of sternal setae 2023 (1825) long outside of the A circular pore on end of peritreme. Venter (fig. 4 B): Tritosternal plate developed in both specimens examined of irregular broadly oval shape 14 (16) long and 40 (40) wide. Genitoventral plate relatively narrow with irregular margins 295 (314) long 169 (154) wide with two of small circular pores. Only the first pair of genitoventral setae 2021 long appears situated on the plate the remaining two lie along the plate (sternal region in allotype to be plate. Genital plate 164 (164187) long 106 and paratype specimens unclear obscured by blood (98106) wide in anterior arch and 50 (3858) meal remnants in the iràddle. Genital and metastemal setae in intestine). Two of intercoxal and a pair of metastemal platelets. Anal subequal to sternal setae. Two plate situated posteroteiroinally. One pair of of intercoxal and one pair of metastemal platelets metastemal setae and apparently only three regularly developed. Anus terminally with two other of ventral setae posterior to the pronounced anal lobes and a pair of anal and genitoventral plate. unpaired postanal setae. Uncovered opisthosoma Gnathosoma: Base of gnathosoma 201 (214) wide with about 16 (1216) setae 1723 (1725) long gnathosomal setae 25 (23) long. Fixed digit of the first irrmediately posteriorly to genital chelicerae with 1012 or more fine teeth. setae being a little shorter (1416). Legs : As in 9 coxae I about 150 wide in Gnathosoma: Base of gnathosoma wide excavation of anteromedial margin. Length of gnathosomal setae 2528 long. Fixed digit of legs as follows: I 960 (992) II (793) chelicerae with about 67 distinct teeth. III 724 (740) IV (882).

5 69 Discussion. type host Scotophilus dinganii. These two bat The new species appears to be closely species are taxonomically very distinct and related to Spinturnix abyssinicus Hirst 1927 although they do occur sympatrically (Kock which is known from some unidentified bats in 1969; Bergjnans 1977) their reproductive and Ethiopia (AddisAbeba). The specimen recorded by probablt also ecological isolation is assumed Aellen (1952) from Scotophilus leucogaster in to have caused differentiation of parasites Cameroon belongs according to Benoit (1958 ab). as well. This is evident from the marked to Spinturnix scotophili. The new species morphological differences between mite differs considerably from S. abyssinicus (based populations on the subspecific level. The sub on descriptions of Hirst 1927 and Rudnick specific affiliation of mite specimens collected I960)' mainly in the presence of a tritosternal from Scotophilus nigrita in Zaire and from plate in the smaller number of dorsal opistho Scotophilus leucogaster in Cameroon cannot be somal setae (only 1013 in 9 and 3 studied because of absence of material. in i ) and in the form of the dorsal plate Rather more surprising is the find of the characterized by narrow anteromedian and new species Spinturnix intectus in Nigeria on posteromedian projections. The shape of the male genitoventral plate is also different. Scotophilus dinganii the type host of Spinturnix scotophili. It is the more surprising because in the adjacent Cameroon the association of Spinturnix scotophili with Scotophilus dinganii DISCUSSION has been confirmed by direct findings. It should be remembered here however that the subspecific identities of Scotophilus dinganii populations The only species of Spinturnix hitherto identified from African bats of the genus Scotophilus in southeast Nigeria and north Cameroon (the two are Spinturnix scotophili Zumpt & Till 1951 regions involved) have not yet been established. and S. walkerae Zumpt & Till 1951 S. walkerae With the geographical latitudes and associated has been recorded only once frctn Scotophilus vegetation belts in mind the north Cameroon dinganii at Tiwi (25 km SSE Mombasa) Kenya animals may be found to represent S.d. colias (Whitaker & Mumford 1978). S. scotophili is and the southwest Nigeria specimens either S.d. known primarily from Katalure near Torit Sudan nux Thomas 1904 or an undescribed race. Because from Scotophilus dinganii colias (see Zumpt & of the clearly defined specificity of mites of Till 1951; Anciaux de Faveaux 1971) the type the genus Spinturnix and the relatively strong host of this mite. It was also found on Scotophilus dinganii in Cameroon (the specimen infestation of the Nigerian population of Scotophilus dinganii by Spinturnix intectus an studied in relation to the present paper) and accidental transfer of mites from another bat in southeast Zaire (Anciaux de Faveaux 1965; host to Scotophilus dinganii can hardly be Benoit 1958a b); here S. dinganii is considered. More likely explanations would be probably represented by the nominate race either the substitution of Spinturnix scotophili (seehayman & Hill 1971) Other records are in the West African population of Scotophilus known dinganii by Spinturnix intectus or the sympatric from Scotophilus nigrita also from southeast Zaire and from Scotophilus leucogaster occurrence of both these species on the same from Cameroon (Aellen 1952; Benoit 1958a b). host. The admittedly hardly documented absence The specificity of spinturnicid mites to of Spinturnix scotophili on Scotophilus dinganii their hosts is of phylogenetical origin and in southwest Nigeria and the possibly new sub it is very elearly defined on the level of specific status of these bats would support the monoxeny or oligoxeny (Dusbabek 1972). It is substitution theory. (A similar situation occurs therefore not surprising that Nigerian mites in the case of the bat Miniopterus schreibersii of the genus spinturnix collected on Scoto (Kuhl l8l9) and the palearctic mite Spinturnix philus nigrita differ morphologically in psi (Kolenati 1856) substituted on this host some respects from specimens collected on the in Africa by Spinturnix semilunaris DeMeillon &

6 Four 70 Lavoipierre 1ÇM s in the Oriental Region by des chiroptères. Rôle épidémologique chee les Spinturnix verutus Delfinado & Baker 1963) animaux et l'homme au Katanga. Annls Parasit. hum. comp. ]t0: and in Australia by Spinturnix loricata Domrow In the greater part of its range Spinturnix psi occurs parallel with these species on the same host.) The revision of African Scotophilus in 1971 Catalogue des acariens parasites et commensaux des chiroptères. 3me partie. Tableaux des hôtes et de leurs parasites. Docums Trav. Inst. r. Sci. Nat. Belg. ]_' BENOIT P.L.G. 1958a. Contribution à l'étude zool. des Spinturnicidae du Congo Belge. I. Rev. preparation by Robbins (Robbins 1978) will bot. afr. 57: b. Contribution à l'étude des certainly help to solve this and related problems. Spinturnicidae du Congo Belge. II. Rev. zool. bot. afr. 58: BERGMANS W. An 1977 annotated inventory of three small collections of Nigerian Microchiroptera (Mammalia Chiroptera). Z. Sâugetierk. k2: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DUSBABEK F The zone of bat acarinia in Central Folia Europe. Parasit. HAYMAN R.W. & J.W. HILL Order Chiroptera. The authors wish to express their sincere thanks In: J. Meester & H.W. Setzer eds. The mammals for the loan of comparative material of some of Africa an identification manual (2): 173 (Smithsonian Institution Press Washington). species of the genus Spinturnix to Dr. V. HIRST S Note on Acari mainly belonging Aellen Museum d'histoire Naturelle Geneve to the genus Spinturnix von Heyden. Proc. Soc. London. 22: zool. Miss B. Brewster British Museum (Natural History) London and Dr. F. Zumpt South African Institute for Medical Research Johannesburg. KOCK D Die FledermausFauna des Sudan. Abh. senckenb. naturforsch. Ges. 521 : ROBBINS C.B Taxonomic identification and history of Scotophilus nigrita (Schreber) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). J. Mammal. 59: RUDNICK A A revision of the mites of the family Spinturnicidae (Acarina). Univ. Calif. Pubis Ent. J7.: *. REFERENCES WHITAKER J.O. & R.E. MUMFORD Foods and ectoparasites of bats from Kenya East Africa. J. Mammal. 59.: 63263k. AELLEN V Contribution à l'étude de Chiroptères du Cameroun. Mém. Soc. neuchât. ZUMPT F. & W. TILL new bloodsucking mites from the Ethiopian Region (Acarina: Soi. nat Laelaptidae and Spinturnicidae) Rev. Ecuat. AHCIAUX DE FAVEAUX F.M Les parasites Ent. Par. 2: ES?. F. Dusbâbek Institute of Parasitology Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Flemingovo n. 2 CSSR Drs. W. Bergnans Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie (Zoôlogisch Museum) Plantage Middenlaan DC Amsterdam received : 3.XII.1979 The Netherlands. distributed : 12.III. 1980

7 A: 71 Fig. 1. Spinturnix scotophili repens ssp.n.. A: dorsal view; B: ventral view. Fig. 2. Spinturnix scotophili repens ssp.n.. dorsal view; B: ventral view.

8 Fig. 3. Spinturnix intectus sp.n.. A: dorsal view; B: ventral view. Fig. 4. Spinturnix intectus sp.n.. A: dorsal view; B: ventral view.

NEW NASAL MITES PTILONYSSUS AND PARANEONYSSUS (Acarina: Mesostigmata), FROM TAIWAN AND NEW GUINEA 1

Pacific Insects 9 (4) : 597-601 20 November 1967 NEW NASAL MITES PTILONYSSUS AND PARANEONYSSUS (Acarina: Mesostigmata), FROM TAIWAN AND NEW GUINEA 1 By Ippei Sakakibara B. P. BISHOP MUSEUM, HONOLULU, HAWAII