Nowadays, the rapid development of computer resources has enabled the numerical simulation based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques
|
|
- Ethelbert Owen
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Large-Eddy Simulation On The Gust Probability In Urban Pedestrian Spaces Y. Ikeda 1,*, A. Hagishima 1, N. Ikegaya 1, and J. Tanimoto 1 1 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, , Japan ABSTRACT Large-eddy simulation (LES) on the airflow in pedestrian spaces of cubic block canopy is performed to investigate the influence of gust events on urban pedestrian safety. The authors analyzed spatio-temporal fluctuation of wind speed recorded with the frequency of 1Hz for 4000 seconds, and examined convergence of turbulence statistics to find the appropriate solution under the trade off of limited data storage and the accuracy of statistics. In addition, the duration of the gust events in pedestrian spaces is investigated. Based on them, it is revealed that 1) convergence of kurtosis can be a parameter to estimate statistically steady state in the analysis of gust events, and that 2) the difference of wind speed between 1st and 5th percentile is around 24 %; thus, determining criteria based on the percentile should be carefully done. KEYWORDS Pedestrian wind environment, Gust, Statistical analysis INTRODUCTION The airflow within a canopy layer is an important factor in terms of the thermal comfort and safety; thus, numerous researchers have investigated the flow in urban pedestrian spaces. For example, Kubota et al. (2000) performed the multi-point measurements of the wind speed at a pedestrian level of miniature models of existing urban districts located in Japan by means of a wind-tunnel experiment (WTE) and clarified that the area-averaged mean wind speed ratio decreases linearly with the increase of gross building coverage ratio (same with plan area ratio, λ p, a ratio of plan area of buildings to district area). Yoshie et al. (2008) also conducted a series of WTEs to investigate the ventilation and thermal environment in a built-up area with closely-packed high-rise buildings, and revealed that the height variation of buildings was quite effective for improving the air ventilation and the thermal environment in such a dense area. * Corresponding author 2es13150r@s.kyushu-u.ac.jp 276
2 Nowadays, the rapid development of computer resources has enabled the numerical simulation based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques and has greatly contributed to analyze 3D turbulent flow field around buildings which is difficult to be measured by WTEs. For example, Razak et al. (2013) implemented the large eddy simulation (LES) on the airflow over various types of block arrays and showed that the spatially averaged mean wind speed ratio at a pedestrian level can be described universally by a simple exponential function of frontal area ratio (λ f, a ratio of frontal area of a block to unit district area). These researches are useful to predict urban ventilation; however, considering the facts that the airflow near the ground surface is highly heterogeneous in urban areas (see Coceal et al. 2007) and instantaneous strong wind often exceeds several times of the average as reported by Yoshie et al. (2007), the knowledge about spatio-temporal variation of wind speed is needed for the assessment of the pedestrian safety. To reproduce the rare and strong wind events in pedestrian spaces, statistically sufficiently large sampling period is necessary. In addition, considering the fact that the size of turbulence organized structure at the block height (H) exceeds several times of block scale (e.g., Inagaki et al. 2012), sufficiently large computational domain might be also required. Although the LES technique can predict spatio-temporal flow fluctuation with high resolution, it needs huge calculation cost and data storage to record calculated turbulent flow field of a large domain for a long time sequence; therefore, there is a few researches dealing with the urban pedestrian gust characteristics using LES. To reconcile the accuracy of the gust analysis with the limitation of computation, it would be informative if the acceptable criteria of minimum sampling time or spatial scale for the gust analysis are available. Although the criteria for averaging time 200T (T=L z /u * ) established by Coceal et al. (2006) is widely used in researches on the airflow over urban canopy, it is unclear whether the criteria can be applied to the gust analysis or not. Under these circumstances, the authors performed the LES on the airflow over cube arrays and analyzed two dimensional instantaneous flow fields at a pedestrian level. RESEARCH METHODS Parallelized Large Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) developed by Raasch et al. (2001) is used in the current study. PALM consists of the continuity equation, incompressible Bussinesq equation with the 1.5th-order turbulent closure model proposed by Deardoff (1999), and the transport equation of subgrid-scale turbulence kinetic energy. In this research, the authors adopted the data of instantaneous flow field in the cubic blocks arranged in the staggered layout with λ p = 16.0%. The computational domain of the LES is shown in Figure 1. The coordinate (x, y, z) and flow component (u, v, w) are defined as the streamwise, spanwise, and vertical direction. 2 2 blocks are arranged in a domain with a height of 4h (h=25m: building height). The grid resolution for x, y, z direction is fixed to h / 64. The cyclic condition 277
3 is employed for streamwise and lateral boundaries; thus, an infinite uniform urban district is reproduced, and the flow is driven by constant pressure gradient determined by the experimental result of Hagishima et al. (2009). In contrast, the free-slip condition is used on an upper boundary, and the logarithmic law (z o =0.01m) is applied for wall surfaces. The wind speed is recorded with a frequency of 1Hz for 4000 seconds. Meanwhile, the computational domain is subdivided into four unit districts in the analysis; the authors calculated statistics under 15 cases of target area (A, B, C, D, A+B, A+C, A+D, B+C, B+D, C+D, A+B+C, A+B+D, A+C+D, B+C+D, A+B+C+D) to investigate how convergence of statistics varies with target area size. Free slip Flow z h=25m (a) 3D view x 4h Cyclic Flow C y 25m A (b) Plan view x D B Figure 1. Computational domain RESULTS 1. The influence of sampling period and area on the convergence of statistics The authors calculated spatio-temporally averaged scalar wind speed (μ), standard deviation (σ), skewness (Sk), and kurtosis (Ku) under the conditions of various target areas and sampling periods. Figure 2 shows how these statistics of each condition differ from those of the reference condition (case A+B+C+D, 4000s). Mean wind speed gradually converges with the increase of both the number of target districts and the sampling periods. For the cases of unit district (A, B, C, and D), however, the value is oscillating even though the sampling period is longer than 3000 seconds; it indicates the number of samples is insufficient for statistical convergence. On the other hand, the values of standard deviation seem to depend strongly on the size of target districts; the differences between the values of the cases comprise three units and the reference value are less than 1% for the condition of sampling time period more than 500 seconds. In contrast, skewness and kurtosis for all the conditions exhibit larger fluctuation with the sampling time period. The difference among the cases is especially large for kurtosis, and it is reasonable because kurtosis is the largest order moment among the four. According to Figure 2(d), 1-Ku/Ku ref at the sampling time sequence of 3000s is 5.4%, and that at 3500s is 2.7%; hence, the authors assume that kurtosis converges after the sampling period of 3000s of all the 278
4 1-Sk/Sk ref 1-Ku/Ku ref 1-(μ / μ ref ) 1-(σ / μ)/(σ / μ) ref four unit (case A+B+C+D), and use the case of A+B+C+D, 4000s for the following analysis. A B C D A+B A+C A+D B+C B+D C+D A+B+C A+B+D A+C+D B+C+D A+B+C+D Sampling period [s] (a) Mean wind speed Sampling period [s] (c) Skewness Figure 2. Statistics calculated under various sampling periods Sampling period [s] (b) Standard deviation Sampling period [s] (d) Kurtosis 2. The relation between statistics and the probability density function To make the meaning of turbulence statistics more clear, the distribution of probability density function (PDF) is analyzed. The result is shown in Figure 3. The difference between them seems to be small at the lower part of PDFs, while it is slightly large at the upper part. Mean wind speed is correlated to the wind speed of the largest probability density, and skewness represents the balance of positive and negative strain from normal distribution; thus, these two statistics are affected by total sample number and probability distribution of positive and negative perturbation. Standard deviation represents the average width of PDF and it is less sensitive to the total sample number than mean wind speed or skewness because only the absolute value of wind speed fluctuation has influence on it. In addition, the value of kurtosis indicates the extent of bottom part of PDF; thus, this value is influenced by rare event. These values are less affected by the probability of positive and negative oscillation. 279
5 Probability density 3.0 A+B+C (500s) 2.5 A+B+C+D (4000s) V / V 2h Figure 3. Probability density function of wind speed 3. Duration of the gust event For the wind safety assessment, not only the amplitude but also the duration or frequency of gust events are of importance; thus, the authors checked whether instantaneous wind speed at each grid point exceeds the 1st percentile (V 1% ) or not for every time steps. If the event "V>V 1% " occurs in succession, we defined it the duration of gust event (T g ). Figure 4 shows the longest duration of gust event (T gmax ) at each grid point normalized by sampling time sequence (T s =4000s). The map clearly shows that the gust duration is longer at the block corners and downstream of them; one possibility is that high momentum fluid is swept from above the canopy layer and it is accelerated by channel effect. Figure 5 describes time series of gust event at the point of (P), (Q), and (R); the black lines indicate gust events. Occasionally the gust event like a pulse signal appears at (P). On the other hand, the gust period and relatively calm period turns up mutually at (Q), and the more complex temporal variation can be observed at (R) due to the interaction between the flow around neighboring districts. T gmax / T s y P Q Q R x Figure 4. Duration of gust (V>V 1% ) in horizontal plane 280
6 (P) (Q) t [s] 3001 (R) t [s] t [s] Time [s] Figure 5. Frequency and duration of gust DISCUSSION: ON DETERMINING GUST CRITERIA Cumulative distribution function (CDF) is calculated in whole the data of target area and sampling period to evaluate the probability of gust event at a pedestrian level explicitly. The authors defined CDF for gust analysis as following equation: (1) where Φ is a threshold, F (Φ) is CDF, and f (φ) is the probability distribution function (PDF) for a variable φ. The result for two cases of target area and sampling period are shown in Figure 6: one is district A+B+C with 500 seconds, and the other is district A+B+C+D with 4000 seconds (i.e., the case of largest sample number). Generally, it is believed that when the sampling time sequence increases, the amplitude of rare and strong wind event becomes larger because low frequency oscillation of the flow is resolved; however, the graph indicates the case A+B+C, 500s shows larger wind speed over all the range of cumulative distribution. This is because the gust event appears at early moment during the time steps in the case of A+B+C, 500s, and it causes such a probability distribution of entirely larger wind speed. This indicates that, if the total sampling number is statistically insufficient, probability distribution of wind speed can easily change depending on at which moment the sampling is started. Actually, the maximum level wind speed of the case A+B+C+D, 4000s is larger than the other, although this tendency appears only in the range of considerably low cumulative frequency, as shown in Figure 6(b). Meanwhile, determining the criteria should be carefully done because the wind speed varies drastically at less than around 10th percentile due to the steep slope of CDF; for example, the difference between 1st and 5th percentile is around 24%, whereas that between 10th and 15th percentile is only about 9% for the case of A+B+C+D, 4000s. 281
7 V / V 2h (a) Whole view A+B+C (500s) A+B+C+D (4000s) V / V 2h Cumulative frequency (b) Enlarged view Figure 6. Cumulative distribution function of wind speed 1 A+B+C (500s) A+B+C+D (4000s) E E E E-03 Cumulative frequency CONCLUSIONS The LES database of the instantaneous wind speed within the uniform staggered block arrays with λ p =16% is analyzed to assess the criteria of statistics for gust analysis in a pedestrian space. Based on the results, following things are clarified: 1) Among the turbulence statistics of mean value, standard deviation, the convergence of skewness and kurtosis are strongly affected by the sampling period. Especially, kurtosis requires the longest sampling period; thus, the convergence of kurtosis can be one of the statistical criteria for gust analysis. 2) The difference of wind speed between 1st and 5th percentile is around 24 %, whereas that between 10th and 15th percentile is only about 6%; thus, defining criteria with the idea of percentile should be carefully done. In addition, the fundamental research on pedestrian gust characteristics is performed. The authors calculated gust duration for each grid point. As a result, we revealed that gust duration is relatively large at the block corner and it seems that there is some characteristic frequency for gust events; it should be analyzed in future work. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was financially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number , REFERENCES Kubota,T., Miura, M., Tominaga, Y., and Mochida, A Wind tunnel tests on the nature of regional wind flow in the 270m square residential area, using the real model, Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering, No.529, pp Yoshie, R., Tanaka, H., Shirasawa, T., and Kobayashi, T Experimental study on air ventilation in a built-up area with closely-packed high-rise buildings, Journal 282
8 of Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Vol.73, No.627, pp Razak, A.A., Hagishima, A., Ikegaya, N., and Tanimoto, J Analysis of airflow over building arrays for assessment of urban wind environment, Building and Environment, Vol.59, pp Coceal, O., Thomas, T.G., and Belcher, S.E Spatial variability of flow statistics within regular building arrays, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol.125, pp Yoshie, R., Mochida, A., Tominaga, H., Kataoka, H., Harimoto, K., Nozu, T., and Shirasawa, T Cooperative project for CFD prediction of pedestrian wind environment in the Architectural Institute of Japan, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol.95, pp Inagaki, A., Castillo, M.C.L., Yamashita, Y., Kanda, M., and Takimoto, H. Large-eddy simulation of coherent flow structures within a cubical canopy, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol.142, pp Raasch, S. and Shröter, M PALM A large-eddy simulation model performing on massively parallel computers, Meteorology Z, Vol.10, pp Deardorff, J.W Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimentional model, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol.18, pp Hagishima, A., Tanimoto, J., Nagayama, K., and Meno, K Aerodynamic parameters of regular arrays of rectangular blocks with various geometries, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol.132, pp
Large-Eddy Simulation for Turbulent Nature of Flow and Pressure Fields over Urban Building Arrays C. Hirose*, A. Hagishima, N. Ikegaya, and J. Tanimot
Large-Eddy Simulation for Turbulent Nature of Flow and Pressure Fields over Urban Building Arrays C. Hirose*, A. Hagishima, N. Ikegaya, and J. Tanimoto Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering
More informationClimatically Adapted Piloti Arrangement and Ratio of Residential Blocks in a Subtropical Climate City
Climatically Adapted Piloti Arrangement and Ratio of Residential Blocks in a Subtropical Climate City Zeng Zhou 1, Qinli Deng 2, Akashi Mochida 2 1 Wuhan University, China, haomaoz@hotmail.com 2 Tohoku
More informationAIJ COOPERATIVE PROJECT FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF CFD TO URBAN VENTILATION
The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-2, 29, Taipei, Taiwan AIJ COOPERATIVE PROJECT FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF CFD TO URBAN VENTILATION Ryuichiro Yoshie, Akashi Mochida
More informationEFFECT OF PILOTI ON WIND ENVIRONMENT IN RESIDENTIAL AREA IN A HOT AND HUMID CITY --TAKING RESIDENTIAL AREA IN WUHAN AS STUDY CASE --
23 風工学シンポ シンポ HP 登載用原稿第 23 回風工学シンポジウム (2014) EFFECT OF PILOTI ON WIND ENVIRONMENT IN RESIDENTIAL AREA IN A HOT AND HUMID CITY --TAKING RESIDENTIAL AREA IN WUHAN AS STUDY CASE -- Zeng Zhou 1), Qinli Deng
More informationKeywords: Large-eddy simulation, Turbulent coherent structure, Four quadrant analysis, Integral scale
The Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, December 4, 3, Chennai, India NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOMENTUM TRANSPORT AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL SCALES OF TURBULENT COHERENT STRUCTURES IN THE
More informationCross Comparisons of CFD Results of Wind Environment at Pedestrian Level around a High-rise Building and within a Building Complex
Cross Comparisons of CFD Results of Wind Environment at Pedestrian Level around a High-rise Building and within a Building Complex Yoshihide Tominaga* 1, Akashi Mochida 2, Taichi Shirasawa 3, Ryuichiro
More informationAnalysis of wind turbulence in canopy layer at large urban area using HPC database
Analysis of wind turbulence in canopy layer at large urban area using HPC database Tetsuro TAMURA 1, Hidenori KAWAI 1, Rahul BALE 2, Keiji ONISHI 2, Makoto TSUBOKURA 2, Koji KONDO 3, and Tsuyoshi NOZU
More informationPRELIMINARY STUDY OF COMPUTATIONAL SETUP FOR URBAN STREET CANYONS. by MUHAMMAD NOOR AFIQ WITRI, M.Eng
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF COMPUTATIONAL SETUP FOR URBAN STREET CANYONS by MUHAMMAD NOOR AFIQ WITRI, M.Eng 1 CONTENTS 1.Introduction 2.Building Configuration 3.Boundary Condition 4.Previous Works 5.Summary 2
More informationLES of wind turbulence and heat environment around dense tall buildings
EACWE 5 Florence, Italy 19 th 23 rd July 2009 LES of wind turbulence and heat environment around dense tall buildings Flying Sphere image Museo Ideale L. Da Vinci Tsuyoshi Nozu 1, Takeshi Kishida 2, Tetsuro
More informationVALIDATION OF LES FOR LOCAL HEAT ENVIRONMENT IN TOKYO -COMPARISON WITH FIELD MEASUREMENT DATA-
The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 29, Taipei, Taiwan VALIDATION OF LES FOR LOCAL HEAT ENVIRONMENT IN TOKYO -COMPARISON WITH FIELD MEASUREMENT DATA- Tsuyoshi Nozu 1,
More informationImprove Air Ventilation by Better Urban Planning
Parametric Studies of Urban Morphologies of High Density Cities and Their Air Ventilation Performance under Neutral and Unstable Atmospheric Conditions Using Advanced Large-Eddy Simulations ICUC9, 20 th
More informationEVALUATION OF VENTILATION PERFORMANCE IN VOID SPACE BY EXCEEDANCE PROBABILITIES BASED ON CFD SIMULATION
EVALUATION OF VENTILATION PERFORMANCE IN VOID SPACE BY EXCEEDANCE PROBABILITIES BASED ON CFD SIMULATION Zhen BU 1, Shinsuke KATO 2, Yoshihiro ISHIDA 2, and Hong HUANG 2 1 Graduate School of Engineering,
More informationSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURE DRAG ACTING ON RECTANGULAR BLOCK ARRAYS WITH VARIOUS LAYOUTS
Proceedings of Building Simulation 011: 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SPATIAL DISTRIBTION OF PRESSRE DRAG ATING ON RETANGLAR BLOK ARRAYS WIT VARIOS LAYOTS ABSTRAT Sheikh Ahmad Zaki 1 Aya agishima and Jun Tanimoto
More informationChallenges of modelling wind engineering problems
Challenges of modelling wind engineering problems Zheng-Tong Xie With thanks to: Vladimir Fuka, Paul Hayden, Ian Castro, Alan Robins, Janet Barlow, Yusik Kim, Bob Plant, Omduth Coceal, Denise Hertwig,
More informationLES evaluation of wind pressures on a standard tall building with and without a neighboring building
LES evaluation of wind pressures on a standard tall building with and without a neighboring building Agerneh K. Dagnew a, Girma T. Bitsuamlak b a PhD candidate, Civil and Environmental Eng. (CEE) Dept./
More informationelements remain in high frequency region and sometimes very large spike-shaped peaks appear. So we corrected the PIV time histories by peak cutting an
The Seventh International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications (BBAA7) Shanghai, China; September 2-6, 2012 LES of fluctuating wind pressure on a 3D square cylinder for PIV-based inflow
More informationSimulation of Flow around a Surface-mounted Square-section Cylinder of Aspect Ratio Four
Simulation of Flow around a Surface-mounted Square-section Cylinder of Aspect Ratio Four You Qin Wang 1, Peter L. Jackson 2 and Jueyi Sui 2 1 High Performance Computing Laboratory, College of Science and
More informationNumerical simulation of dispersion around an isolated cubic building: Model evaluation of RANS and LES. Yoshihide Tominaga a and Ted Stathopoulos b
Accepted on 3 April for publication in the Building and Environment Numerical simulation of dispersion around an isolated cubic building: Model evaluation of RANS and Yoshihide Tominaga a and Ted Stathopoulos
More informationPRESSURE COEFFICIENTS ACTING UPON THE CYLINDER OBTAINED BY NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
Vol. 13, Issue 2/2017, 149-155, DOI: 10.1515/cee-2017-0020 PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS ACTING UPON THE CYLINDER OBTAINED BY NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS Soňa MEDVECKÁ 1,*, Oľga IVÁNKOVÁ 1, Marek MACÁK
More informationAnalysis of one- and two-dimensional mean gust shapes using a largeeddy simulation model
Analysis of one- and two-dimensional mean gust shapes using a largeeddy simulation model Knigge, Christoph* 1), Raasch, Siegfried 1) 1) Institut für Meteorologie und Klimatologie, Leibniz Universität Hannover,
More informationA Note on Spatial Averaging and Shear Stresses Within Urban Canopies
Boundary-Layer Meteorol (2018) 167:171 179 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0321-7 NOTES AND COMMENTS A Note on Spatial Averaging and Shear Stresses Within Urban Canopies Zheng-Tong Xie 1 Vladimir Fuka
More informationInvestigation of Opening Positions on the Natural Ventilation in a Low-Rise Building by CFD Analysis
Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (FFHMT 16) Ottawa, Canada May 2 3, 2016 Paper No. 151 Investigation of Opening Positions on the Natural Ventilation
More informationNumerical simulation of convective heat transfer at the surfaces of a cube Montazeri, H.; Blocken, B.; Hensen, J.L.M.
Numerical simulation of convective heat transfer at the surfaces of a cube Montazeri, H.; Blocken, B.; Hensen, J.L.M. Published in: Proceedings of the Eurotherm Seminar No96: Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement,
More informationtherefore cold air is released to the outdoor space, contributing to changes in the outdoor microclimate (Figure 1). This results in a cool spot in th
Characteristics of Cold-air Release from Air-conditioned and Open-entrance Shops to Outside Street Spaces in Summer T. Asawa 1,*, and Y. Kugimachi 2 1 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering,
More informationLarge-eddy simulation of urban boundary-layer flows by generating turbulent inflows from mesoscale meteorological simulations
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS Atmos. Sci. Let. 13: 18 186 (212) Published online 27 April 212 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 1.12/asl.377 Large-eddy simulation of urban boundary-layer
More informationRoughness Sub Layers John Finnigan, Roger Shaw, Ned Patton, Ian Harman
Roughness Sub Layers John Finnigan, Roger Shaw, Ned Patton, Ian Harman 1. Characteristics of the Roughness Sub layer With well understood caveats, the time averaged statistics of flow in the atmospheric
More informationBefore we consider two canonical turbulent flows we need a general description of turbulence.
Chapter 2 Canonical Turbulent Flows Before we consider two canonical turbulent flows we need a general description of turbulence. 2.1 A Brief Introduction to Turbulence One way of looking at turbulent
More informationThe Urban Canopy and the Plant Canopy
The Urban Canopy and the Plant Canopy John Finnigan: CSIRO Australia Margi Bohm: University of Canberra Roger Shaw: U C Davis Ned Patton: NCAR Ian Harman: CSIRO Australia www.csiro.au Properties of turbulent
More informationAnalysis of wind and radiant environment in street canyons for production of urban climate maps at district scale
Academic Article Journal of Heat Island Institute International Vol. 12-2 (217) Analysis of wind and radiant environment in street canyons for production of urban climate maps at district scale Hideki
More informationAn evaluation of a conservative fourth order DNS code in turbulent channel flow
Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs 2 2 An evaluation of a conservative fourth order DNS code in turbulent channel flow By Jessica Gullbrand. Motivation and objectives Direct numerical
More informationH4: Steady Flow through a Channel Network
August 9, Chapter 7 H4: Steady Flow through a Channel Network Contents 7. Problem Specification............................. 7-7. Background................................... 7-3 7.3 Contra Costa Water
More informationPillai and Yoshie. Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, v.7, n.1, p ISSN doi: /juee.2013.v7n1.
Pillai and Yoshie 74 J U E E Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, v.7, n.1, p.74-81 ISSN 1982-3932 doi: 10.4090/juee.2013.v7n1.074081 Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering www.journal-uee.org
More informationExperimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Forces and Pressures on Dome Roofs: Reynolds Number Effects
Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Forces and Pressures on Dome Roofs: Reynolds Number Effects *Ying Sun 1), Ning Su 2), Yue Wu 3) and Qiu Jin 4) 1), 2), 3), 4) Key Lab of Structures Dynamic
More informationApplied Thermal and Fluid Engineering. Energy Engineering (Thermal Engineering Laboratory)
Applied Thermal and Fluid Engineering Energy Engineering (Thermal Engineering Laboratory) Professor Assoc. Professor Hajime Nakamura Shunsuke Yamada Outline of Research In our laboratory, we have been
More informationLARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF MASS TRANSFER ACROSS AN AIR-WATER INTERFACE AT HIGH SCHMIDT NUMBERS
The 6th ASME-JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference March 6-, 3 TED-AJ3-3 LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF MASS TRANSFER ACROSS AN AIR-WATER INTERFACE AT HIGH SCHMIDT NUMBERS Akihiko Mitsuishi, Yosuke Hasegawa,
More informationCFD ANALYSIS OF TURBULENT THERMAL MIXING OF HOT AND COLD AIR IN AUTOMOBILE HVAC UNIT
ISTP-6, 005, PRAGUE 6 TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TRANSPORT PHENOMENA CFD ANALYSIS OF TURBULENT THERMAL MIING OF HOT AND COLD AIR IN AUTOMOBILE HVAC UNIT Hideo Asano ((, Kazuhiko Suga (3, Masafumi Hirota
More informationWind velocity profile observations for roughness parameterization of real urban surfaces
Wind velocity profile observations for roughness parameterization of real urban surfaces Jongyeon LIM, Ryozo OOKA, and Hideki KIKUMOTO Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo Background:
More informationNumerical Study on Flow Field for a Solar Collector at Various Inflow Incidence Angles *
Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation, Vol.46, No.4 pp.241 248 (2014) 241 DOI:10.6125/14-0728-808 Numerical Study on Flow Field for a Solar Collector at Various Inflow Incidence Angles * Uzu-Kuei
More informationA combined application of the integral wall model and the rough wall rescaling-recycling method
AIAA 25-299 A combined application of the integral wall model and the rough wall rescaling-recycling method X.I.A. Yang J. Sadique R. Mittal C. Meneveau Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 228, USA
More informationAdvanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL, Second Edition Michael D. Ciletti Prentice Hall, Pearson Education, 2011
Problem 2-1 Recall that a minterm is a cube in which every variable appears. A Boolean expression in SOP form is canonical if every cube in the expression has a unique representation in which all of the
More informationA Numerical Analysis of Indoor Thermal Environment and Human Thermophysiological Responses under Natural Ventilation S. Iizuka 1,*, T. Sakoi 2, T. Sai
A Numerical Analysis of Indoor Thermal Environment and Human Thermophysiological Responses under Natural Ventilation S. Iizuka 1,*, T. Sakoi 2, T. Saito 1, and S. Kuno 1 1 Graduate School of Environmental
More informationChapter 8: Flow in Pipes
Objectives 1. Have a deeper understanding of laminar and turbulent flow in pipes and the analysis of fully developed flow 2. Calculate the major and minor losses associated with pipe flow in piping networks
More informationStudy on Comprehensive Influence on Wind Environment of Piloti in Residential Blocks in Guangzhou, China
International Forum on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (IFEESD 2016) Study on Comprehensive Influence on Wind Environment of Piloti in Residential Blocks in Guangzhou, China Tianyu Xi1,
More informationNumerical simulation of atmospheric #ow over complex terrain
Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 81 (1999) 283}293 Numerical simulation of atmospheric #ow over complex terrain Takanori Uchida *, Yuji Ohya Interdisciplinary Graduate School of
More information17th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes 9-12 May 2016, Budapest, Hungary
17th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes 9-12 May 2016, Budapest, Hungary INVESTIGATION OF VENTILATION AND AIR QUALITY IN URBAN SQUARES
More informationINTER-COMPARISON AND VALIDATION OF RANS AND LES COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION AROUND A CUBIC OBSTACLE. Resources, Kozani, Greece
INTER-COMPARISON AND VALIDATION OF AND LES COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION AROUND A CUBIC OBSTACLE S. Andronopoulos 1, D.G.E. Grigoriadis 1, I. Mavroidis 2, R.F. Griffiths 3 and J.G.
More informationA statistical model for the prediction of wind speed probabilities in the atmospheric surface layer
A statistical model for the prediction of wind speed probabilities in the atmospheric surface layer Article Accepted Version Efthimiou, G. C., Hertwig, D., Andronopoulos, S., Bartzis, J. G. and Coceal,
More informationHIGH-AMPLITUDE WALL PRESSURE EVENTS AND THEIR RELATION TO TURBULENT STRUCTURE IN CHANNEL FLOW
HIGH-AMPLITUDE WALL PRESSURE EVENTS AND THEIR RELATION TO TURBULENT STRUCTURE IN CHANNEL FLOW Ali Mehrez Department of Energy Engineering and Science Nagoya University Chikusa-ku, Furo-cho, 464-8603, Japan
More informationCh. Kasprzyk, TU Dresden
LES Simulation of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Cavities of a Heat Sink Ch. Kasprzyk, TU Dresden Th. Frank, F. Menter, ANSYS Germany B. Vogt, Th. Scherer, VOITH Hydro Presentation ACUM 2014, Nürnberg,
More informationFootprints: outline Üllar Rannik University of Helsinki
Footprints: outline Üllar Rannik University of Helsinki -Concept of footprint and definitions -Analytical footprint models -Model by Korman and Meixner -Footprints for fluxes vs. concentrations -Footprints
More informationGENERALISATION OF THE TWO-SCALE MOMENTUM THEORY FOR COUPLED WIND TURBINE/FARM OPTIMISATION
25 th National Symposium on Wind Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 3-5 December 2018 第 25 回風工学シンポジウム (2018) GENERALISATION OF THE TWO-SCALE MOMENTUM THEORY FOR COUPLED WIND TURBINE/FARM OPTIMISATION Takafumi
More informationDynamics of Drift and Flute Modes in Linear Cylindrical ECR Plasma
J. Plasma Fusion Res. SERIES, Vol. 8 (2009) Dynamics of Drift and Flute Modes in Linear Cylindrical ECR Plasma Kunihiro KAMATAKI 1), Sanae I. ITOH 2), Yoshihiko NAGASHIMA 3), Shigeru INAGAKI 2), Shunjiro
More informationNumerical Simulation of the Evolution Law of Tornado Wind Field Based on Radar Measured Data
Numerical Simulation of the Evolution Law of Tornado Wind Field Based on Radar Measured Data *Feng Xu 1), Zhouling Ye 2), Wenli Chen 3), Jie Ma 4) and Yiqing Xiao 5) 1), 2), 4), 5) School of Civil and
More informationVariations in the power-law index with stability and height for wind profiles in the urban boundary layer
Variations in the power-law index with stability and height for wind profiles in the urban boundary layer Hideki Kikumoto 1, Ryozo Ooka 2, Hirofumi Sugawara 3 Hideki Kikumoto 1 Institute of Industrial
More informationNumerical Simulations And Laboratory Measurements In Hydraulic Jumps
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works International Conference on Hydroinformatics 8-1-2014 Numerical Simulations And Laboratory Measurements In Hydraulic Jumps Luis G. Castillo José M.
More informationA Discussion on The Effect of Mesh Resolution on Convective Boundary Layer Statistics and Structures Generated by Large-Eddy Simulation by Sullivan
耶鲁 - 南京信息工程大学大气环境中心 Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment A Discussion on The Effect of Mesh Resolution on Convective Boundary Layer Statistics and Structures Generated by Large-Eddy Simulation
More informationEXCITATION OF GÖRTLER-INSTABILITY MODES IN CONCAVE-WALL BOUNDARY LAYER BY LONGITUDINAL FREESTREAM VORTICES
ICMAR 2014 EXCITATION OF GÖRTLER-INSTABILITY MODES IN CONCAVE-WALL BOUNDARY LAYER BY LONGITUDINAL FREESTREAM VORTICES Introduction A.V. Ivanov, Y.S. Kachanov, D.A. Mischenko Khristianovich Institute of
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF FULLY-RESOLVED LARGE EDDY SIMULATION TO UNSTEADY FLUID FLOW AND AEROACOUSTICS PREDICTIONS
APPLICATIONS OF FULLY-RESOLVED LARGE EDDY SIMULATION TO UNSTEADY FLUID FLOW AND AEROACOUSTICS PREDICTIONS Chisachi Kato Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku,
More informationComputation of Unsteady Flows With Moving Grids
Computation of Unsteady Flows With Moving Grids Milovan Perić CoMeT Continuum Mechanics Technologies GmbH milovan@continuummechanicstechnologies.de Unsteady Flows With Moving Boundaries, I Unsteady flows
More informationSTUDY ON THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND AIR DISTRIBUTION OF A DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR LARGE SPACE APPLICATION
STUDY ON THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND AIR DISTRIBUTION OF A DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR LARGE SPACE APPLICATION K Sakai 1*, E Yamaguchi 2, O Ishihara 3 and M Manabe 1 1 Dept. of Architectural Engineering,
More informationExperimental Study on Flow Control Characteristics of Synthetic Jets over a Blended Wing Body Configuration
Experimental Study on Flow Control Characteristics of Synthetic Jets over a Blended Wing Body Configuration Byunghyun Lee 1), Minhee Kim 1), Chongam Kim 1), Taewhan Cho 2), Seol Lim 3), and Kyoung Jin
More informationGeneration of artificial inflow turbulence including scalar fluctuation for LES based on Cholesky decomposition
July 23 th, 25 ICUC9 Generation o artiicial inlow turbulence including scalar luctuation or LES based on Cholesky decomposition Tsubasa OKAZE (Tohoku University, Japan) Akashi MOCHIDA(Tohoku University,
More informationWind Conditions in Idealized Building Clusters: Macroscopic Simulations Using a Porous Turbulence Model
Boundary-Layer Meteorol (2010) 136:129 159 DOI 10.1007/s10546-010-9490-3 ARTICLE Wind Conditions in Idealized Building Clusters: Macroscopic Simulations Using a Porous Turbulence Model Jian Hang Yuguo
More informationVALIDATION OF REYNOLDS AVERAGED MODEL AND LARGE EDDY SIMULATION IN ACTUAL FLOOR HEATING ROOM. Hiroki Ono 1 and Koji Sakai 1
Proceedings of Building Simulation 11: VALDATON OF RYNOLDS AVRAD MODL AND LAR DDY SMULATON N ACTUAL FLOOR HATN ROOM Hiroki Ono 1 and Koji Sakai 1 1 School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki,
More informationPercolation: Statistical Description of a Spatial and Temporal Highly Resolved Boundary Layer Transition
Percolation: Statistical Description of a Spatial and Temporal Highly Resolved Boundary Layer Transition Tom T. B. Wester, Dominik Traphan, Gerd Gülker and Joachim Peinke Abstract In this article spatio-temporally
More informationSide-View Mirror Vibrations Induced Aerodynamically by Separating Vortices
Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics, 2016, 6, 42-56 Published Online March 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojfd http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojfd.2016.61004 Side-View Mirror Vibrations Induced Aerodynamically
More informationNumerical Investigation of the Flow Past a Rotating Golf Ball and Its Comparison with a Rotating Smooth Sphere
Flow Turbulence Combust (2017) 99:837 864 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-017-9859-1 Numerical Investigation of the Flow Past a Rotating Golf Ball and Its Comparison with a Rotating Smooth Sphere Jing Li
More informationA NUMERICAL MODEL-BASED METHOD FOR ESTIMATING WIND SPEED REGIME IN OUTDOOR AND SEMI-OUTDOOR SITES IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Proceedings of the 13 th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Athens, Greece, 5-7 September 2013 A NUMERICAL MODEL-BASED METHOD FOR ESTIMATING WIND SPEED REGIME IN OUTDOOR AND
More informationTHE EFFECT OF SAMPLE SIZE, TURBULENCE INTENSITY AND THE VELOCITY FIELD ON THE EXPERIMENTAL ACCURACY OF ENSEMBLE AVERAGED PIV MEASUREMENTS
4th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry Göttingen, Germany, September 7-9, 00 PIV 0 Paper 096 THE EFFECT OF SAMPLE SIZE, TURBULECE ITESITY AD THE VELOCITY FIELD O THE EXPERIMETAL ACCURACY
More informationTWO-POINT CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF NEUTRALLY STRATIFIED FLOW WITHIN AND ABOVE A FOREST FROM LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION
TWO-POINT CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF NEUTRALLY STRATIFIED FLOW WITHIN AND ABOVE A FOREST FROM LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION HONG-BING SU 1,2, ROGER H. SHAW 1 and KYAW THA PAW U 1 1 Atmospheric Science Program, University
More informationDYNAMICS OF CONTROLLED BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION
p.1 DYNAMICS OF CONTROLLED BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION Václav Uruba, Martin Knob Institute of Thermomechanics, AS CR, v. v. i., Praha Abstract: The results of experimental study on a boundary layer separation
More informationNUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF AIR FLOW AND TEMPERATURE PATTERNS OF A LOW VELOCITY DIFFUSER
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF AIR FLOW AND TEMPERATURE PATTERNS OF A LOW VELOCITY DIFFUSER M Cehlin and B Moshfegh Division of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technology,
More informationAn Experimental Investigation to Control the Flow Emerging From a Wide Angle Diffuser
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN: 5-3 ISBN: 878-879 PP 7-3 National Symposium on engineering and Research An Experimental Investigation to Control the Flow Emerging From a Wide Angle Diffuser
More informationAerodynamic noise produced in flow around an automobile bonnet
Aerodynamic noise produced in flow around an automobile bonnet Hiroshi Yokoyama 1, Takahiro Nakajima 2, Taishi Shinohara 3, Masashi Miyazawa 4 and Akiyoshi Iida 5 1,2,3,5 Department of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationPollutant dispersion in urban geometries
Pollutant dispersion in urban geometries V. Garbero 1, P. Salizzoni 2, L. Soulhac 2 1 Politecnico di Torino - Department of Mathematics 2 Ecole Centrale de Lyon - Laboratoire de Méchaniques des Fluides
More informationPAPER. Kazutoshi Fujimoto 1; and Ken Anai 2;y 1. INTRODUCTION
Acoust. Sci. & Tech. 38, 6 (2017) PAPER #2017 The Acoustical Society of Japan Prediction of insertion loss of detached houses against road traffic noise using a point sound source model: Simplification
More informationPreliminary Study of the Turbulence Structure in Supersonic Boundary Layers using DNS Data
35th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, June 6 9, 2005/Toronto,Canada Preliminary Study of the Turbulence Structure in Supersonic Boundary Layers using DNS Data Ellen M. Taylor, M. Pino Martín and Alexander
More informationOccupant Behavior Related to Space Cooling in a High Rise Residential Building Located in a Tropical Region N.F. Mat Hanip 1, S.A. Zaki 1,*, A. Hagish
Occupant Behavior Related to Space Cooling in a High Rise Residential Building Located in a Tropical Region N.F. Mat Hanip 1, S.A. Zaki 1,*, A. Hagishima 2, J. Tanimoto 2, and M.S.M. Ali 1 1 Malaysia-Japan
More informationThe Bernoulli theorem relating velocities and pressures along a streamline comes from the steady momentum equation for a constant density fluid,
Flow Science Report 0-14 ADDING FLOW LOSSES TO FAVOR METHODOLOGY C.W. Hirt Flow Science, Inc. June 014 Background From time to time it has been observed that large velocities may appear in the vicinity
More informationNumerical Reproducibility of Terrain-induced Turbulence in Complex Terrain by Large-eddy Simulation (LES) Technique
Numerical Reproducibility of Terrain-induced Turbulence in Complex Terrain by Large-eddy Simulation (LES) Technique Takanori UCHIDA Associate Professor, Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM),
More informationCalculus first semester exam information and practice problems
Calculus first semester exam information and practice problems As I ve been promising for the past year, the first semester exam in this course encompasses all three semesters of Math SL thus far. It is
More informationChapter 8: Flow in Pipes
8-1 Introduction 8-2 Laminar and Turbulent Flows 8-3 The Entrance Region 8-4 Laminar Flow in Pipes 8-5 Turbulent Flow in Pipes 8-6 Fully Developed Pipe Flow 8-7 Minor Losses 8-8 Piping Networks and Pump
More informationFrequency Response of Near-Wall Coherent Structures to Localized Periodic Blowing and Suction in Turbulent Boundary Layer
CHIN.PHYS.LETT. Vol. 25, No. 5 (2008) 1738 Frequency Response of Near-Wall Coherent Structures to Localized Periodic Blowing and Suction in Turbulent Boundary Layer LIU Jian-Hua( ), JIANG Nan( ) Department
More informationActive Control of Separated Cascade Flow
Chapter 5 Active Control of Separated Cascade Flow In this chapter, the possibility of active control using a synthetic jet applied to an unconventional axial stator-rotor arrangement is investigated.
More informationCHAM Case Study CFD Modelling of Gas Dispersion from a Ruptured Supercritical CO 2 Pipeline
CHAM Limited Pioneering CFD Software for Education & Industry CHAM Case Study CFD Modelling of Gas Dispersion from a Ruptured Supercritical CO 2 Pipeline 1. INTRODUCTION This demonstration calculation
More information1 Introduction to Governing Equations 2 1a Methodology... 2
Contents 1 Introduction to Governing Equations 2 1a Methodology............................ 2 2 Equation of State 2 2a Mean and Turbulent Parts...................... 3 2b Reynolds Averaging.........................
More informationEnvironmental Pollution
Gousseau P, Blocken B, van Heijst GJF. 2012. Large-Eddy Simulation of pollutant dispersion around a cubical building: Analysis of the turbulent mass transport mechanism by unsteady concentration and velocity
More information2.3 The Turbulent Flat Plate Boundary Layer
Canonical Turbulent Flows 19 2.3 The Turbulent Flat Plate Boundary Layer The turbulent flat plate boundary layer (BL) is a particular case of the general class of flows known as boundary layer flows. The
More informationPOSTER PAPER PROCEEDINGS
ITA - AITES WORLD TUNNEL CONGRESS 21-26 April 2018 Dubai International Convention & Exhibition Centre, UAE POSTER PAPER PROCEEDINGS Flow and temperature characteristics around a burning car in a long tunnel
More informationModeling of Wall Heat Transfer and Flame/Wall Interaction A Flamelet Model with Heat-Loss Effects
9 th U. S. National Combustion Meeting Organized by the Central States Section of the Combustion Institute May 17-20, 2015 Cincinnati, Ohio Modeling of Wall Heat Transfer and Flame/Wall Interaction A Flamelet
More informationLES of turbulent shear flow and pressure driven flow on shallow continental shelves.
LES of turbulent shear flow and pressure driven flow on shallow continental shelves. Guillaume Martinat,CCPO - Old Dominion University Chester Grosch, CCPO - Old Dominion University Ying Xu, Michigan State
More informationHUMBERTO AVILA, M.Sc. Ph.D. student. Factors Affecting Scour of Previously Captured Sediment from Stormwater Catchbasin Sumps. Experimental Design
HUMBERTO AVILA, M.Sc. Ph.D. student Academic Background: Ph.D. Student in Water Resources Engineering at the University of Alabama. Currently working on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Physical Modeling
More information2013 Annual Report for Project on Isopycnal Transport and Mixing of Tracers by Submesoscale Flows Formed at Wind-Driven Ocean Fronts
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 2013 Annual Report for Project on Isopycnal Transport and Mixing of Tracers by Submesoscale Flows Formed at Wind-Driven
More informationLES STUDY OF UNSTEADY FLOW PHENOMENA IN AN URBAN GEOMETRY - THE NEED FOR SPECIAL EVALUATION METHODS
LES STUDY OF UNSTEADY FLOW PHENOMENA IN AN URBAN GEOMETRY - THE NEED FOR SPECIAL EVALUATION METHODS Nektarios Koutsourakis 1,2, John G. Bartzis 1, George C. Efthimiou 2, Alexandros G. Venetsanos 2, Ilias
More informationWhite Paper FINAL REPORT AN EVALUATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMICS MECHANISMS WHICH DRIVE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WESTFALL STATIC MIXER.
White Paper FINAL REPORT AN EVALUATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMICS MECHANISMS WHICH DRIVE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE WESTFALL STATIC MIXER Prepared by: Dr. Thomas J. Gieseke NUWCDIVNPT - Code 8233 March 29, 1999
More informationNATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF KUR FUEL ASSEMBLY DURING LOSS OF COOLANT ACCIDENT
NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF KUR FUEL ASSEMBLY DURING LOSS OF COOLANT ACCIDENT Ito D*, and Saito Y Research Reactor Institute Kyoto University 2-1010 Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori, Sennan,
More informationNumerical simulations of the edge tone
Numerical simulations of the edge tone I. Vaik, G. Paál Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91., 1521 Budapest, Hungary, {vaik, paal}@vizgep.bme.hu
More informationHUMBERTO AVILA, M.Sc. Ph.D. student
HUMBERTO AVILA, M.Sc. Ph.D. student Academic Background: Ph.D. Student in Water Resources Engineering at the University of Alabama. Currently working on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Physical Modeling
More informationHybrid LES RANS Method Based on an Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model
Hybrid RANS Method Based on an Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model Benoit Jaffrézic, Michael Breuer and Antonio Delgado Institute of Fluid Mechanics, LSTM University of Nürnberg bjaffrez/breuer@lstm.uni-erlangen.de
More informationChuichi Arakawa Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies, the University of Tokyo. Chuichi Arakawa
Direct Numerical Simulations of Fundamental Turbulent Flows with the Largest Grid Numbers in the World and its Application of Modeling for Engineering Turbulent Flows Project Representative Chuichi Arakawa
More information