JWST Solar System Capabilities, Observation Planning Tools Solar System ERS Webinar

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JWST Solar System Capabilities, Observation Planning Tools Solar System ERS Webinar 2017-02-07 Stefanie

1 JWST Solar System Capabilities, Observation Planning Tools Solar System ERS Webinar Stefanie Milam (GSFC, JWST Deputy Project ScienCst for Solar System Science) J. Stansberry (STScI, JWST Solar System lead)

2 JWST Science Instrument Overview Instrument Modes, Sensitivity Comparison JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 2

JWST Imaging Modes Mode Simultaneous { Imaging Aperture Mask Interferometry Coronography Instrument Wavelength (microns) Pixel Scale (arcsec) Full-Array* Field of View NIRCam* 0.6 2.3 0.032 2.2 x 2.

3 JWST Imaging Modes Mode Simultaneous { Imaging Aperture Mask Interferometry Coronography Instrument Wavelength (microns) Pixel Scale (arcsec) Full-Array* Field of View NIRCam* x 2.2 NIRCam* x 2.2 NIRISS x 2.2 MIRI* x 1.88 NIRISS NIRCam x 20 NIRCam x 20 MIRI x 24 MIRI x 24 MIRI x 24 MIRI x 30 ** Most useful for solar system observacons JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 3

4 JWST Spectroscopy Modes Mode Slitless Spectroscopy Instrument Wavelength (microns) Resolving Power (λ/δλ) Field of View / Slit Size NIRISS x 2.2 NIRISS single object NIRCam x 2.2 Multi-Object Spectroscopy NIRSpec , 1000, x 3.4 with 250k 0.2 x 0.5 microshutters Single Slit Spectroscopy Spectroscopic Imaging (IFU) NIRSpec , 1000, x x x x 60 (MSA) MIRI 5.0 ~14.0 ~100 at 7.5 microns 0.6 x 5.5 slit NIRSpec , 1000, x 3.0 MIRI x 3.9 MIRI x 4.4 MIRI x 6.2 MIRI x 7.7 ** Most useful for solar system observacons JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 4

5 Photometric Sensitivity JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 5

Medium Resolution Spectral Sensitivity 2017-02-07

6 Medium Resolution Spectral Sensitivity JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 6

7 Low Resolution Spectral Sensitivity JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 7

8 JWST Operations for Moving Targets

JWST Field of Regard North EclipCc Pole 85 5 45 ConCnuous Viewing Zone North 135 Observatory thermal design defines the allowed Solar orientacons Solar elongacon 85 to 135 (like Spitzer, Herschel)

9 JWST Field of Regard North EclipCc Pole ConCnuous Viewing Zone North 135 Observatory thermal design defines the allowed Solar orientacons Solar elongacon 85 to 135 (like Spitzer, Herschel) Roll ±5 about line of sight 360 ConCnuous Viewing Zone South Solar System Targets: ObservaCons occur near quadrature, not at opposicon V1 V2 V3 JWST can observe the whole sky every year while remaining concnuously in the shadow of its sunshield. Instantaneous Field of Regard is an annulus covering 35% of the sky The whole sky is covered twice each year with small concnuous viewing zones at the EclipCc poles JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar

10 JWST Instrument FOVs for Targets in the Ecliptic Plane PSF Orient PSF Orient V3 V1 V2 V2 Looking S. from NEP V1 V JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 10

11 Moving Targets Tracking Non-sidereal tracking Implemented. Rates up to 30 mas/s (108 /hr) supported (max rate of Mars) Modeling shows excellent poincng stability (< 7mas NEA), ~same as fixed targets The moving-target is fixed in detector frame while exposing Dithers, mosaics supported (slightly higher overheads) ~1 mag brighter guide stars required for moving targets Some small impact on schedulability for targets at high galaccc lactude Long (~1hr+ tracks), and observacons are possible Will use mulcple guide stars JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 11

12 How Fast are Moving Targets Moving? JWST can track nearly any targets within its field of regard on any given day even NEOs and Comets JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 12

13 NIRSpec Target Acquisition, Slits, IFU NIRSpec TA for moving targets is not easy 1.6 square aperture Ephemeris of target must be accurate! Centroid calculated on-board Target can be accurately (<10mas) posiconed in the IFU, any of the fixed slits, or in a pseudo long-slit in the microshuner array IFU 3 Pseudo Long-slit Targ.Acq. Aperture JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 13

14 Solar System Science Highlights

15 12 JWST Solar System Papers hnps://iopscience.iop.org/ /128/959 & 960 Asteroids (Andy Rivkin, JHU/APL) Comets (Chick Woodward, U. Minnesota) Giant Planets, JWST Overview (Jim Norwood, NMSU) Mars (Geronimo Villanueva, GSFC) NEOs (CrisCna Thomas, GSFC) OccultaPons (Pablo Santos-Sanz, IAA-CSIC, Spain) Rings (Man Tiscareno, Cornell) Satellites (Laszlo Kestay, USGS) Titan (Conor Nixon, GSFC) TNOs (Alex Parker, SwRI) JWST Solar System CapabiliCes (Milam, GSFC) JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 15

16 JWST Instruments & APT Templates NIRCam: um imager, slitless grisms, 32 / 65 mas pixels (SW / LW) Imaging ** Simultaneous & micron imaging Mapping (2.2 x 5 FOV) Bright extended sources ( FOV) Coronagraphy ~0.5 inner working angle Time Series ** High-cadence, long duracon photometry Grism Time Series ** High-cadence, long duracon slitless spectroscopy Grism Imaging Wide-field slitless spectroscopy NIRISS: um imager & spectrometer R = um slitless spectra R = um slitless spectra Imaging in 7 bands Aperture-masking Intererometery ** 2.6 5um, 65mas resolucon NIRSpec: um spectrometer R = 100, 1000, seungs for full coverage at R > 100 IFU Spectroscopy ** 3 x3 FOV, 100mas pixels Fixed Slits 0.2 & 0.4 x 3.8, 1.6 x1.6 MulC-shuner Array (Pseudo long-slit **) 0.2 x 0.46 slitlets MIRI: 5-28 um imager & spectrometer R = um slit spectra Imaging ** 9 bands 110 mas pixels IFU Spectroscopy ** 4 x4 FOV, 110mas pixels, R= um (4 seungs for full coverage) Fixed Slit ** 0.6 x 5.5, R=100, 5 14 um in one shot ** Most useful for solar system observacons JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 16

17 Giant Planet Imaging with NIRCam Bright limits for 640x640 subarrays 160x160 limits are 15x higher JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 17

18 (MIRI) Imaging MRS JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 18

19 JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 19 (MIRI)

20 KBO Photometry with NIRCam JWST can provide nir colors for all known KBOs 4.3: N 2 CO 2 4.8: cont. 1.4: CH : CH 4 2.5: cont. 3.0: H 2 O 3.6: cont. 4.1: H 2 O CH 4 4.6: CO 1.62: H 2 O 2.1: H 2 O 3.35: CH JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 20

21 KBO Spectroscopy with NIRSpec JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 21

22 KBO Thermal Radiometry with MIRI MIRI can measure temperature distribucons for medium-sized KBOs SensiCvity well matched to that of ALMA Valuable for Thermal inerca ComposiCon Regolith structure Emissivity Albedo Best when combined with measurements at >50 microns JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 22

23 PASP Special Issue (Jan 4, 2016) InnovaCve Solar System Science with the James Webb Space Telescope Stefanie Milam, Special Editor hnp://iopscience.iop.org/ /128/ topical papers hnp://iopscience.iop.org/ /128/960 1 high-level paper (Norwood et al.) 23

24 Data Pipeline for Moving Targets

25 Moving-target Pipeline Overview CalibraCon pipeline data product levels : 1. Data formaung, science-frame re-orientacon, MT WCS informacon added 2. Calibrated single-exposure count-rate images; flux conversion, wavelength cal. 3. Combine Level-2 products è coadd exposures, mosaicking, etc. Single-exposure calibracon processing (level 2): Science target is fixed in the detector frame (telescope tracking) Detector-level calibrapon steps are the ~same as for fixed targets MulC-exposure calibracon processing (level 3): CoaddiPon of exposures occurs in the co-moving frame of the target ExisCng fixed-target algorithms will be used HST Pipeline has never done this Same approach used by Spitzer and Herschel JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 25

26 Astronomer s Proposal Tool (APT) for Moving Targets An extensive chart packet about APT for moving targets will be posted at jwst.stsci.edu/events Look for today s event at that URL APT example proposal for moving targets is also in the works (accessible from APT -> File -> JWST DemonstraCon Proposals)

27 What is APT? APT is your tool for Designing JWST (and HST) observacons Defining targets Standard targets: Planets, Dwarf Planets, Satellites, Longitudes, etc. Comets, asteroids, new satellites Defining ObservaCons Pick Instrument (NIRCAM, NIRSpec, MIRI, NIRISS) Pick Science Template (e.g. Imaging, IFU Spectroscopy, ) OpConally set up Target AcquisiCon Define Exposure SpecificaCons (filter and/or disperser plus detector readout parameters) Defining scheduling constraints on observacons Date/Cme SeparaCon from another body Apparent rate of mocon Phase angle, distance, etc. EvaluaCng schedulability of observacons Submiung your Proposals Java Applica6on available at h8p://apt.stsci.edu JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 27

28 APT: Starting a Proposal You can create JWST proposals now with APT 9/12016 APT for Solar System Observers - J. Stansberry - JWST London Workshop 28

29 APT Moving Target Specifications Inherits many capabilices from HST MT Level-1 Types Standard (planets and their satellites) Comet (suports non-gravitaconal orbit perturbacons) Asteroid (everything else) Interface to JPL Horizons Retrieval of NAIF ID/names and orbital elements The target specificacon is the only thing you do differently to observe moving targets ObservaCons may then be specified using all instrument modes JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 29

30 Top Level Target Interface JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 30

31 Minor Body Interface JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 31

32 Minor Body: NAIF Search Capability JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 32

Minor Body Elements Retrieval 2017-02-07 JWST

33 Minor Body Elements Retrieval JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 33

34 Minor Body Elements Retrieval Filling this form used to be a manual process of cut/paste JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 34

Standard Targets Levels 1 & 2 2017-02-07 JWST

35 Standard Targets Levels 1 & JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 35

36 Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) for Moving Targets

37 What is the ETC? The JWST ETC is different from what you are probably used to Web-based GUI interface Simulates throughput, all noise components Is scene based all calculacons are 2D (3D for spectra) Result is an SNR image, plus SNR for specified measurement method (aperture) Is a complex tool that takes Cme to learn Has no specific capabilices for simulacng moving targets Use of the ETC is required to juscfy proposal Cme requests Create a MyST account to use it (and archive) ETC workbooks Sets of user-defined calculacons May be shared with other users Web Applica6on available at h8p://jwst.etc.stsci.edu JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 37

38 ETC Example Workbooks Example Workbooks Sharing w/ Other Users Solar System Small Bodies Examples JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 38

39 ETC Comet Nucleus + Coma Example JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 39

40 ETC Demo / Training Example solar system workbook within the ETC are available now Info / Demos about the ETC Available in JWST Community Lecture Series jwst.stsci.edu/events Look for lecture about Pandeia, by K. Pontoppidan Anend event, ETC Demo, by S. Ravindranath Solar System ETC webinar Need to schedule one SOON to support ERS. Keep an eye on DPS and PEN announcements Community effort to provide moving target wrapper for Pandeia? Pandeia the JWST ETC Engine hnps://jwst-docs.stsci.edu/display/jpp/jwst+etc+batch+expansions hnps://github.com/spacetelescope/jwstusertraining2016 jwst.etc.stsci.edu JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 40

41 Summary Get the PASP special issue papers iopscience.iop.org/ /128/959 & 960 Download APT apt.stsci.edu Start looking at user documentacon jwst-docs.stsci.edu Moving target documentacon is in the works Form your ERS teams, submit NOI by March 3! Contact / Follow-up / Help Desk: jstans@stsci.edu stefanie.milam@nasa.gov stsci.service-now.com/jwst JWST Moving Targets - J. Stansberry ERS Webinar 41

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 1: Project Status and Moving Targets

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) 1: Project Status and Moving Targets IAC Winter School Tenerife November 2016 J. Stansberry (STScI) 2016-10-10 James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Organization Mission Lead: