High-z Universe Highly Magnified

Transcription

1 High-z Universe Highly Magnified Keren Sharon University of Michigan

2 allows a deeper view into the Universe (through magnification)

3 The High-z Universe What z is your high-z? A. z~2 -- details of SF in highly magnified galaxies B. z~6 -- luminosity functions, reionization epoch C. z~12 -- find the next highest-z record holder D. You had me at redshift

4 Clusters as cosmic telescopes Abell HST/ACS

5 To use clusters as telescope, we need to know their Optics Magnification is needed for: intrinsic luminosity stellar mass star formation rate physical size background volume L E N S I N G I S F A N T A S T I C --MB

6 To use clusters as telescope, we need to know their Optics β θ d LS α d S β q 2 q 1 0,0 ds q 3 q 4 dls SDSS1004, Sharon et al. (2005), HST/ACS

7 To use clusters as telescope, we need to know their Optics β The lens equation Detect multiple images of the same source Assume a mass distribution deflection Compute source/image locations Find the mass distribution that gives smallest scatter q 2 q 1 q 3 q 4 SDSS1004, Sharon et al. (2005), HST/ACS

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9 To use clusters as telescope, we need to know their Optics θ d LS α d S β q 2 q 1 0,0 ds q 3 q 4 dls SDSS1004, Sharon et al. (2005), HST/ACS

10 What do we need to worry about? Systematics: Structure along the line of sight Model assumptions Mass sheet degeneracy Correlated substructure / subhalos # of constraints, spectroscopic redshifts

11 What do we need to worry about? Systematics: Structure along the line of sight Model assumptions Mass sheet degeneracy Correlated substructure / subhalos # of constraints, spectroscopic redshifts also: Bayliss+14 Line-of-sight Structure toward Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters D Aloisio+14 The effect of large-scale structure on the magnification of highredshift sources by cluster lenses

12 What do we need to worry about? Systematics due to: Structure along the line of sight Model assumptions Mass sheet degeneracy Correlated substructure / subhalos # of constraints, spectroscopic redshifts Meneghetti+16 arxiv: The Frontier Fields Lens Modeling Comparison Project Priewe+16 arxiv: Lens Models Under the Microscope: Comparison of Hubble Frontier Field Cluster Magnification Maps Talk by L. Williams

13 What do we need to worry about? Model assumptions Rodney+15 ApJ Illuminating a Dark Lens : A Type Ia Supernova Magnified by the Frontier Fields Galaxy Cluster Abell 2744 SN Tomas

14 What do we need to worry about? # of constraints, spectroscopic redshifts spec zs spec zs +/- 0.1 z free parameters MACS Smith+09

15 What do we need to worry about? # of constraints, spectroscopic redshifts Johnson+16 (ApJ, submitted)

16 What do we need to worry about? # of constraints, spectroscopic redshifts -image plane RMS can be a tricky metric Johnson+16 (ApJ, submitted)

17 Johnson+16 -Magnification accuracy increases with # of images -Spec-zs are critical (you need at least a few) -For a given set of images, increased spec-z fraction see also poster by Ana Acebron

18 Applications: the magnified Universe A. z~2 -- details of SF in highly magnified galaxies B. z>6 -- luminosity functions, reionization epoch C. z~12 -- find the next highest-z record holder

19 C. First galaxies: highest-z book of records

20 B. The reionization epoch: z~6-10

21 B. The reionization epoch: z~

22 C. First galaxies: highest-z book of records Spectroscopic confirmation almost impossible at z>6 Lyα likely attenuated by neutral H z = 10.8 ± 0.3 Credit: Dan Coe

23 C. First galaxies: highest-z book of records MACS1149-JD z ~ 9.6 Zheng et al. (2012) MACS0647-JD z ~ 10.8 (420 Myr) Coe et al. (2013)

24 C. First galaxies: highest-z book of records Coe et al. (2013)

25 C. First galaxies: highest-z book of records A2744 z ~ 10 from lensing geometry Zitrin+14

26 Applications: the magnified Universe A. z~2 -- details of SF in highly magnified galaxies B. z>6 -- luminosity functions, reionization epoch C. z~12 -- find the next highest-z record holder

27 B. The reionization epoch: z~6-10 CMB Dark Ages First Stars First Galaxies Epoch of Reionization Modern Galaxies 380,000 yr z= Myr? z=20-30? Myr? z=15-20? Gyr z= Gyr z=0

28 Evolution of the Luminosity Function Bouwens+16 Bouwens+15 Bouwens+16, Bouwens+15, Oesch+13 Bouwens+16 ASSL v3

29 Frontier Fields

30 B. z~9 McLeod+16 ~130 sq. arcmin, 29 HST WFC3/IR pointings z> galaxies in first 4 FF + parallels 15 galaxies in CLASH fields UV LF at z 9 Evolution of the UV luminosity density (1) Zheng+ 12 (2) Zitrin+ 14 (3) Bouwens+ 14 (4) Zheng+ 14 (5) Coe+15 (6) Ishigaki+15 (7) McLeod+15 (8) Kawamata+15

31 B. z~9 Lens models determine the survey volume Credit: Dan Coe

32 RELICS: ReionizaHon Lensing Cluster Survey ObservaHons 190 orbits + 77 parallel (incl. 20 for SN follow-up) 46 fields lensed by 41 clusters - 3 orbits ACS (minus archival) - 2 orbits WFC3/IR FronHer Fields filters Science high-redshiv galaxies cluster mass scaling relahons merger physics + DM constraints supernovae Delivery no proprietary period HST images reduced images + catalogs 2-3 months aver complehon of each field final high-z candidates + lens models Nov (JWST GO call for proposals) Example ACS imaging of A2163, the most massive cluster according to Planck RELICS Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey RELICS will obtain the first WFC3/IR imaging hpp://relics.stsci.edu Dan Coe (PI) Larry Bradley (Deputy PI) Felipe Andrade-Santos Roberto Avila Rychard Bouwens Maruša Bradač Daniela Carrasco Nicole Czakon Will Dawson Brenda Frye AusHn Hoag Kuang-Han Huang Traci Johnson ChrisHne Jones Daniel Lam Ramesh Mainali Cordell Newmiller Sara Ogaz Rachel Paterno-Mahler Adam Riess Steve Rodney Russell Ryan BreP Salmon Irene Sendra-Server Keren Sharon Dan Stark Lou Strolger Michele TrenH Keiichi Umetsu BenedePa Vulcani Adi Zitrin Dan Coe 58

33 Applications: the magnified Universe A. z~2 -- details of SF in highly magnified galaxies B. z~6 -- luminosity functions, reionization epoch C. z~12 -- find the next highest-z record holder

34 A. Star formation under the microscope: z~2 Madau & Dickinson (2014) Wyder et al. (2005) Schiminovich et al. (2005) Schenker et al. (2013) Gruppioni et al. (2013) Bouwens et al. (2012a),(2012b) Reddy & Steidel (2009) Magnelli et al. (2013) Sanders et al. (2003) Takeuchi et al. (2003) Magnelli et al. (2011) Robotham & Driver (2011) Cucciati et al. (2012) Dahlen et al. (2007) ψ(z) =0.015 (1 + z) [(1+z)/2.9] 5.6 M year 1 Mpc 3.

35 A. Star formation under the microscope: z~2-400 HST orbits!!! V~

36 A. Star formation under the microscope: z~2 Best HST PSF, (pc)

37 A. Star formation under the microscope: z~2 SDSSJ Johnson+16b cluster z=0.659; arc z=2.481; Hybrid lenstool (Jullo+2007) model

38 A. Star formation under the microscope: z~2 Preliminary SDSSJ Johnson+16b cluster z=0.659; arc z=2.481; Hybrid lenstool (Jullo+2007) model

39 A. Star formation under the microscope: z~2 Livermore+15 Livermore+12

40 A. Star formation under the microscope: z~2 HST+lensing HST CANDELS JWST Rigby+ in prep: what CANDELS may be missing?

41 Summary High magnification by clusters (of all masses) can be used to open new windows to the background Universe: z~2 -- details of SF in highly magnified galaxies z~6 -- luminosity functions, reionization epoch z~12 -- find the next highest-z record holder Stay tuned for today s talks!

42 The Universe, magnified 09:00-09:35 Keren Sharon: high-z universe 09:35-09:55 Tommaso Treu: Strong lensing by clusters: highlights from the GLASS survey 09:55-10:15 Marusa Bradac: Pushing the Frontiers of Galaxy Formation with HST and Cluster Lenses as Cosmic 10:15-10:35 Austin Hoag: Windows to the Past: Using Gravitational Telescopes to Study our Cosmic Origins 10:35-11:00 Coffee/Tea 11:00-11:20 Lindsay Oldham: Super-resolving massive compact galaxies using EELs 11:20-11:40 John McKean: Resolving the star formation processes in a z ~ 3 starburst on < 50 kpc-scales 11:40-12:00 Claes-Erik Rydberg: Observing lensed supernovae in the early universe with wide-field surveys 12:00-12:20 Matt Auger: Resolved and In Focus: The Properties of Tiny Galaxies at z ~ 2 12:20-12:40 Anna Barnacka: Resolving the High Energy Universe with Strong Gravitational Lensing