Coronagraphy from Orbiting Platforms. Rémi Soummer KISS workshop Innovative Approaches to Exoplanet Spectra 11/12/09
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1 Coronagraph from Orbiting Platforms Rémi Soummer KISS workshop Innovative Approaches to Exoplanet Spectra 11/12/09 Thursda, November 12, 2009
2 Coronagraph and external occulters Internal coronagraphs masks, apodizers etc deformable mirrors wavefront control, stabilit External occulters external starshade deploment formation fling Thursda, November 12, 2009
3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laborator California Institute of Technolog!"#$%&'()*!"+%#,&)-#'*$,#.,&/ Contrast Starlight Suppression Approximate Range of Detectabilit Jupiter 10-9 Earth 4/22/09 Thursda, November 12, !"#$%&'(")!*++$,--&./)!"#"*Technique Optical vortex 2λ/D in air (Arizona/JPL) Visible nuller 15% 3.5λ/D in air (JPL) APLC 20% 5λ/D in air (GPI) Vector vortex 2% 3λ/D in vacuum (JPL/HCIT) PIAA 2λ/D in air (Subaru/ARC) Visible nuller 3.5λ/D (JPL) External Occulter white light shadow suppression in air (Uof Colo) Shaped pupil 10% 4λ/D in vac (Princeton/HCIT) Shaped pupil mask 4λ/D in vac. (Princeton/HCIT) Hbrid Band-limited mask 4λ/D in vac. (JPL/HCIT) Hbrid Band-limited mask 3λ/D in vac. (JPL/HCIT) TECHNOLOGY MILESTONE LEVEL Band-Limited Metallic 10% 4λ/D in vac (JPL/HCIT) 4th Order Band-Limited 4λ/D in vac (JPL/HCIT) Missions for Exoplanets p. 3 M. Levine, 2009
4 NASA mission concept studies (ASMCS) Several concept mission studies relevant to coronagraph ACCESS (medium, 1.5m ) PECO (medium, 1.4m) EPIC (medium, 1.65) DAVINCI (large, 4x 1.1m ) NWO (large, 4m + starshade) THEIA (large, 4m + starshade) ATLAST (large, 8/9.2/16m + coronagraph/starshade) Orbits: drift awa heliocentric, L2 Thursda, November 12, 2009
5 ACCESS gamut of Medium size missions PECO uses highl e!cient PIAA Ames Research Center coronagraph tpes coronagraph (equ. x2.5 gain in tel. diam.) Univ. of Arizona PECO spacecraft & instrum PECO Ames Research Center Missions for Exoplanets The four major coronagraph Pasadena, CA tpes perform starlight rejection with combinations of phase and amplitude elements placed in focal and pupil planes. Best demonstrated April 21-23, 2009 laborator contrast to date (March 2009) are indicated at right, while noting that significant improvements laborator shear Bare expected this ear as an outcome of active developments with well-understood technologies. 9 PECO gh contrast earl 100% throughput ACCESS WA ~2 l/d 00% search area o loss in angular resol. hromatic (with mirrors) Pupil mapping Exoplanet Coronagraph Observer ACCESS observator: 1.5 meter - optics ExtraSolar Imaging Planetar tilizes lossless beam apodization with aspheric Visible Nulling Coronagraph Principle mirrors or lenses) to concentrateunobscured starlight is single diffraction off-axis Coronagraph (EPIC) eak (no Air rings). gregorian telescope EPIC EPIC M. Clampin, R. Lon (GSFC) VNC is Hbrid of interferometer G. Melnick, V. Tolls (SAO/CfA) where baseline separation More info on : M. Shao, M. Levine (JPL) Guon, Pluzhnik, Vanderbei, Traub, b shearing Direct imaging of exoplanets is emulated Martinache photometr, colors, low resolution RV planets, Super Earths? 2 {2} T ~! exozodiacal disks Thursda, November 12, 2009 R. Woodruff, G. Vasudevan (LMCO) S. Kendrick (BATC) spectroscop T {2} ~! 2 1
6 large missions Starshade detection / characterization of terrestrial planets enables spectroscop identif biomarkers other planets, disks etc. Thursda, November 12, 2009
7 Access to orbit Dedicated launch e.g. Atlas V, Delta IV Ares V if developed Commercial companies? Secondar paload ideas for small paloads? smaller coronagraphs? Technolog development if access to orbit is cheap starshade deploment small telescopes experiment with DM Thursda, November 12, 2009
8 software, guidance, navigation & control, entr, descent & landing, and recover. DragonLab TM USES R 0.3 [12] 4x meters [inches] A View A 1.3 [50] Sensor Ba Volume: Forward Hatch Front View ø 2.4 [95] Pressurized Paload Volume ø 3.1 [123] 2.9 Capsule [116] Side View 0.7 [28] DragonLab DRAGON SYSTEM DragonSPACECRAFT is a free-fling, reusable spacecraft capable of hosting pressurized and unpressurized paloads. Subsste control, avionics, communications, thermal protection, & landing, and recover. Full recoverable capsule include propulsion, power, thermal control, environmental Trunk jettisoned prior to reentr software, guidance, & control, entr, descent 6000 kg total combined up-mass navigation capabilit Up to 3000 kg down mass Paload Volume: 7 10 m3 pressurized 14 m3 unpressurized USESDuration: 1 week to 2 ears Mission Paload Integration timeline: Highl Responsive Nominal: L-14 das paload hosting Late-load: T-9 hours up to 3.5m diameter Sensors/apertures Paload Return: Instruments and sensor Nominal: End-of-Mission + 7 testing das Spacecraft deploment Earl Access: End-of-Mission + 6 hours Space phsics and relativit experiments Radiation effects research Microgravit research Life science and biotech studies Earth sciences and observations Materials and space environments research TYPICAL INTEGRATION TIMELINE Paload Integration Fit Check ICD Return DRAGON SPACECRAFT SYSTEM OVERALL DRAGON CAPABILITIES 1.1 Trunk Paload Volume [43] Trunk 2.3 Side [91] View L: Full 5 Mth recoverable capsule 3 Mth 1 Mth 2 Wks EOM + 1 Wk Trunk jettisoned prior to reentr Launch 6000 kg total combined up-mass capabilit Up to 3000 kg down mass Paload Volume: 7 10 m3 pressurized 14 m3 unpressurized Mission Duration: 1 week to 2 ears Paload Integration timeline: Nominal: L-14 das Late-load: T-9 hours Paload Return: Nominal: End-of-Mission + 7 das Earl Access: End-of-Mission + 6 hours Image Credit: NASA Trunk Side View Dragon is a free-fling, reusable spacecraft Trunk capable of hosting3.1pressurized and14m3 unpressurized Paload Volume [122] 4.3 include propulsion, power, thermal control, environmental control, avionics,up communications, t to 34m3 [170] software, guidance, navigation & control, entr, descent & landing, and recover. [36] [26] [142] 0.73 [29] View A-A Side Hatch 0.40 [16] Fast track to flight. OVERALL DRAGON CAPABILITIES ATP TM 0.66 [26] Highl Responsive paload hosting Sensors/apertures up to 3.5m diameter Instruments and sensor testing Spacecraft deploment Space phsics and relativit experiments Radiation effects research Microgravit research Life science and biotech studies Earth sciences and observations Materials and space environments research TM Fast track to flight. 1.6 [64] ø 2.1 [83] USES 0.86 [34] 1.2 [47] 3.6 [142] ø 3.6 [142] Trunk 3.2 Aft [125] hosting View Highl Responsive paload Sensor Sensors/apertures up to 3.5m diameter Ba Hatch Instruments and sensor testing Spacecraft deploment Thursda, November 12, 2009 TYPICAL INTEGRATION TIMELINE ATP ICD Paload Integration Fit Check L: 5 Mth 3 Mth 1 Mth 2 Wks Launch Return EOM + 1 Wk
9 new ideas? one ear flight with extended sounding rockets? secondar paloads ver small paloads? technolog development if ver cheap? Thursda, November 12, 2009
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