X-ray Studies of Interstellar and Intergalactic Dust
|
|
- Randolf Rich
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 X-ray Studies of Interstellar and Intergalactic Dust Lia Corrales Columbia University NASA Earth and Space Science Fellow Advised by Frits Paerels
2 X-ray scattering tools for studying the ISM Cygnus X-3: Grain sizes and spatial distribution Dust-to-gas mass ratio Dust in the intergalactic medium: Future prospects
3 Dust extinction (MRN) X-ray Optical J,H,K,L Herschel Spitzer
4 Optical (DSS) Infrared (SFD) X-ray (RASS) Credit: World Wide Telescope
5 Optical (DSS) Infrared (SFD) X-ray (RASS) Credit: World Wide Telescope
6 X-ray Studies of ISM and IGM Dust Optical (DSS) Infrared (SFD) X-ray (RASS) Credit: World Wide Telescope
7 dust Cygnus X-3 (Chandra)
8 X-ray scattering is a diagnostic tool for ISM grain sizes X-ray light a SGR J (NASA/Swift/Halpern) Strongly forward (small angle) scattering 1 0 a(µm) E(keV) Strongly sensitive to grain size sca / a 4 E 2
9 X-ray scattering is a diagnostic tool for judging distance X-ray light a Strongly forward (small angle) scattering 1 0 a(µm) E(keV) Strongly sensitive to grain size sca / a 4 E 2 Lia Corrales - AAS 223, Jan 2014
10 X-ray scattering is a diagnostic tool for ISM structure X-ray light a SGR J (NASA/Swift/Halpern) sca S O
11 X-ray scattering is a diagnostic tool for ISM structure Screen case SGR J (NASA/Swift/Halpern) sca S O
12 X-ray scattering is a diagnostic tool for ISM structure Screen case SGR J (NASA/Swift/Halpern) sca S O
13 X-ray scattering is a diagnostic tool for ISM structure Screen case SGR J (NASA/Swift/Halpern) sca S O
14 X-ray scattering is a diagnostic tool for ISM structure SGR J (NASA/Swift/Halpern) Uniform case sca S O
15 X-ray scattering tools for studying the ISM Cygnus X-3: Grain sizes and spatial distribution Dust-to-gas mass ratio Dust in the intergalactic medium: Future prospects
16 Cyg X-3 Scattering Halo [1-6 kev] Assume dn da / a p Fit for Cut-off grain size: Power law exponent: Dust mass column: a max p M d Corrales & Paerels (2014)
17 Cyg X-3 Scattering Halo [1-6 kev] Corrales & Paerels (2014)
18 [ 2 =1.3] Bayesian analysis (emcee) finds a population of likely fits a max =0.14 µm p =3.5 sca (1 kev) = 2.4 Corrales & Paerels (2014)
19 Milky Way spiral structure as probed by star forming complexes Perseus Norma-Cygnus Sagittarius Cyg X-3 l = 79.8 b = [Russeil 2003]
20 Bayesian analysis (emcee) finds a population of likely fits 2 1 Corrales & Paerels (2014)
21 [ 2 =2.8] Bayesian analysis (emcee) finds a population of likely fits 2 1 Screen 2: 20% of mass within 1 kpc of Cyg X-3 Screen 1: 80% of mass consistent with Perseus arm a max =0.21 µm p =3.6 sca (1 kev) = 1.9 Corrales & Paerels (2014)
22 X-ray scattering tools for studying the ISM Cygnus X-3: Grain sizes and spatial distribution Dust-to-gas mass ratio Dust in the intergalactic medium: Future prospects
23 X-ray spectral fitting yields a dust-to-gas mass ratio sca (1 kev) = 2.2 Corrales & Paerels (2014)
24 X-ray spectral fitting yields a dust-to-gas mass ratio dust-to-gas mass ratio 1/2 4/3 Corrales & Paerels (2014) Milky Way dust-to-gas mass ratio 1/3 4/3 Milky Way
25 X-ray scattering and absorption gauges:
26 X-ray scattering and absorption gauges: grain size distribution
27 X-ray scattering and absorption gauges: grain size distribution ISM structure
28 X-ray scattering and absorption gauges: grain size distribution ISM structure distance
29 X-ray scattering and absorption gauges: grain size distribution ISM structure distance dust-to-gas ratio
30 X-ray scattering and absorption gauges: grain size distribution ISM structure distance dust-to-gas ratio dust-to-metal ratio
31 X-ray scattering and absorption gauges: grain size distribution ISM structure distance dust-to-gas ratio dust-to-metal ratio dust composition
32 X-ray scattering tools for studying the ISM Cygnus X-3: Grain sizes and spatial distribution Dust-to-gas mass ratio Dust in the intergalactic medium: Future prospects
33 Corrales & Paerels (2012) 1. Could intergalactic dust interfere with dark energy surveys?
34 Petric et al. (2006) z =4.3 quasar kev most of the scattering comes from lower energy d < BUT over-idealized
35 Corrales & Paerels (2012) z =4.3 quasar 1 8 kev where RG-Drude approximation is valid d 10 5 can still be valid (relax constraint) Conclusion: Need to use MIE scattering solution
36 Corrales & Paerels (2012) 1. Could intergalactic dust interfere with dark energy surveys? YES for a population of grey graphite grains: A V A 1.78µm Could we expect large ( grey ) dust grains in the IGM?
37 M82 : Starburst galaxy imaged with Hubble, Spitzer, and Chandra
38 QSO 1Mpc(z =0.36) Ménard+ (2010) Quasar color Angular distance from center of foreground galaxy
39 Corrales & Paerels (2012) 1. Could intergalactic dust interfere with dark energy surveys? YES for a population of grey graphite grains: A V A 1.78µm Could we expect large ( grey ) dust grains in the IGM? PERHAPS due to radiation pressure driven winds (feedback) The dust grains that are efficiently ejected AND survive the process would likely be larger (Davies 1998, Ferrara 1991) 3. X-ray scattering has potential to find exotic dust in exotic places diffuse IGM QSO galaxy halos absorption systems
40 Ménard & Fukugita (2012)
41 It is still a BIG challenge (MIE scattering)
42 X-ray scattering tools for studying the ISM Cygnus X-3: Grain sizes and spatial distribution Dust-to-gas mass ratio Dust in the intergalactic medium: Future prospects
43 X-ray Studies of ISM and IGM Dust Dust in the wind 1067 MSFR argue that the dust in Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)-like PSF to explain the magnitude of their reddening dwarfs is insufficient signal. We concur with this conclusion. Reproducing the MSFR data in the hybrid model with a physical dust-to-metal mass ratio requires including galaxies up to several times 1010 M#, far larger than the M# baryonic mass of the LMC (van der Marel et al. 2002). Furthermore, Diffuse IGMthe No-Wind simulation predicts a galaxy baryonic mass function that is inconsistent with observations, with Chandra an excessive global fraction of baryons converted to stars (Oppenmodel to be heimer et al. 2010).6 We do not consider the hybrid dustbackground nearly as plausible an explanation of the MSFR results as the Wind model; we present it as a foil to illustrate what would be required Foreground to explain MSFR s findingsgalaxy with dust in low-mass galaxies. For the Wind model, the metals in low-mass galaxies contribute much less reddening than the intergalactic metals (Fig. 5). 4 DISCUSSION For the Wind model to succeed, we require that the dust-to-metal mass ratio in the IGM be comparable to that in the ISM, allowing only 50 per cent of the ISM dust to be destroyed during its expulsion from galaxies and subsequent residence in the IGM. The validity of this assumption is by no means obvious, as the destruction time-scales for 0.01 µm dust grains by thermal sputtering are (nh /10 3 cm 3 ) 1 yr at T = 106 K (Draine & Salpeter 1979, fig. 7), while wind particles in the simulation typically remain in the IGM for 109 yr before re-accreting on to galaxies (Oppenheimer et al. 2010, fig. 2). However, the sputtering rates decline rapidly towards lower temperatures (e.g. a factor of 300 lower at T = 105 K), and with the wind implementation used in this simulation most ejected gas never rises above a few 104 K. Ultraviolet or X-ray background photons arethree another possible destruc- in the A2 simulation. Figure 6. (UV) Eddington ratio as a function of time, for different time intervals tion mechanism IGMofdust, but the intergalactic radiation field (A color for version this figure is available in the online journal.) is much lower intensity than the radiation field dust grains already encounter in galactic star-forming regions.- CU Colloquium - May 7, 2014 Lia Corrales Zu+ (2010) Novak+ (2011)
44 X-ray Studies of ISM and IGM Dust Dust in the wind 1067 MSFR argue that the dust in Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC)-like dwarfs is insufficient to explain the magnitude of their reddening signal.psf We concur with this conclusion. Reproducing Diffuse IGMthe MSFR data in the hybrid model with a physical dust-to-metal mass ratio requires including galaxies up to several times 1010 M#, far larger than the M# baryonic mass of the LMC (van der Marel et al. 2002). Furthermore, the No-Wind simulation predicts a galaxy baryonic mass function that is inconsistent with observations, with an excessive global fraction of baryons converted to stars (OppenForeground galaxy 6 heimer et al. 2010). We do not consider the hybrid dust model to be nearly as plausible an explanation of the MSFR results as the Wind model; we present it as a foil to Chandra illustrate what would be required to explain MSFR s findings with dust in low-mass galaxies. For the background Wind model, the metals in low-mass galaxies contribute much less reddening than the intergalactic metals (Fig. 5). 4 DISCUSSION For the Wind model to succeed, we require that the dust-to-metal mass ratio in the IGM be comparable to that in the ISM, allowing only 50 per cent of the ISM dust to be destroyed during its expulsion from galaxies and subsequent residence in the IGM. The validity of this assumption is by no means obvious, as the destruction time-scales for 0.01 µm dust grains by thermal sputtering are (nh /10 3 cm 3 ) 1 yr at T = 106 K (Draine & Salpeter 1979, fig. 7), while wind particles in the simulation typically remain in the IGM for 109 yr before re-accreting on to galaxies (Oppenheimer et al. 2010, fig. 2). However, the sputtering rates decline rapidly towards lower temperatures (e.g. a factor of 300 lower at T = 105 K), and with the wind implementation used in this simulation most ejected gas never rises above a few 104 K. Ultraviolet or X-ray background photons arethree another possible destruc- in the A2 simulation. Figure 6. (UV) Eddington ratio as a function of time, for different time intervals tion mechanism IGMofdust, but the intergalactic radiation field (A color for version this figure is available in the online journal.) is much lower intensity than the radiation field dust grains already encounter in galactic star-forming regions.- CU Colloquium - May 7, 2014 Lia Corrales Zu+ (2010) Novak+ (2011)
45 A systematic survey for intergalactic dust will affect:
46 A systematic survey for intergalactic dust will affect: cosmic dust and metal budget
47 A systematic survey for intergalactic dust will affect: cosmic dust and metal budget theory of galaxy feedback
48 A systematic survey for intergalactic dust will affect: cosmic dust and metal budget theory of galaxy feedback theory of galaxy evolution
49 A systematic survey for intergalactic dust will affect: cosmic dust and metal budget theory of galaxy feedback theory of galaxy evolution magnitude and timescale of AGN variability
50 A systematic survey for intergalactic dust will affect: cosmic dust and metal budget theory of galaxy feedback theory of galaxy evolution magnitude and timescale of AGN variability high precision cosmology
51 Thank you for your attention. Corrales & Paerels (2014) arxiv: Corrales & Paerels (2012) ApJ 751, 93 Peek, Ménard, & Corrales (2014) coming soon
52
Dust. The four letter word in astrophysics. Interstellar Emission
Dust The four letter word in astrophysics Interstellar Emission Why Dust Dust attenuates and scatters UV/optical/NIR Amount of attenuation and spectral shape depends on dust properties (grain size/type)
More informationInterstellar Dust and Extinction
University of Oxford, Astrophysics November 12, 2007 Outline Extinction Spectral Features Emission Scattering Polarization Grain Models & Evolution Conclusions What and Why? Dust covers a range of compound
More information7. Dust Grains & Interstellar Extinction. James R. Graham University of California, Berkeley
7. Dust Grains & Interstellar Extinction James R. Graham University of California, Berkeley Visual Extinction Presence of interstellar gas or nebulae has a long history Existence of absorbing interstellar
More informationDust Formation History with Galaxy Evolution
Dust Formation History with Galaxy Evolution Tsutomu T. TAKEUCHI Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University, Japan ESTEC, 14 Nov., 2014, the Netherlands 1. Introduction What are
More informationHow Galaxies Get Their Gas. Jason Tumlinson STScI Hubble Science Briefing December 9, 2010
How Galaxies Get Their Gas Jason Tumlinson STScI Hubble Science Briefing December 9, 2010 Astronomy asks some Big Questions... 2 How Do Galaxies Form? Three Puzzles 1. Why are some galaxies blue and star-forming
More informationStellar Populations in the Galaxy
Stellar Populations in the Galaxy Stars are fish in the sea of the galaxy, and like fish they often travel in schools. Star clusters are relatively small groupings, the true schools are stellar populations.
More informationFormation and growth of galaxies in the young Universe: progress & challenges
Obergurgl. April 2014 Formation and growth of galaxies in the young Universe: progress & challenges Simon White Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics Ly α forest spectra and small-scale initial structure
More informationLecture 5. Interstellar Dust: Optical Properties
Lecture 5. Interstellar Dust: Optical Properties 1. Introduction 2. Extinction 3. Mie Scattering 4. Dust to Gas Ratio 5. Appendices References Spitzer Ch. 7, Osterbrock Ch. 7 DC Whittet, Dust in the Galactic
More informationDark Matter ASTR 2120 Sarazin. Bullet Cluster of Galaxies - Dark Matter Lab
Dark Matter ASTR 2120 Sarazin Bullet Cluster of Galaxies - Dark Matter Lab Mergers: Test of Dark Matter vs. Modified Gravity Gas behind DM Galaxies DM = location of gravity Gas = location of most baryons
More informationAge-redshift relation. The time since the big bang depends on the cosmological parameters.
Age-redshift relation The time since the big bang depends on the cosmological parameters. Lyman Break Galaxies High redshift galaxies are red or absent in blue filters because of attenuation from the neutral
More informationINTRODUCTION TO SPACE
INTRODUCTION TO SPACE 25.3.2019 The Galaxy II: Stars: Classification and evolution Various types of stars Interstellar matter: dust, gas Dark matter ELEC-E4530 Radio astronomy: the Sun, pulsars, microquasars,
More informationStars, Galaxies & the Universe Lecture Outline
Stars, Galaxies & the Universe Lecture Outline A galaxy is a collection of 100 billion stars! Our Milky Way Galaxy (1)Components - HII regions, Dust Nebulae, Atomic Gas (2) Shape & Size (3) Rotation of
More informationHigh Redshift Universe
High Redshift Universe Finding high z galaxies Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) Photometric redshifts Deep fields Starburst galaxies Extremely red objects (EROs) Sub-mm galaxies Lyman α systems Finding high
More informationOur Galaxy. We are located in the disk of our galaxy and this is why the disk appears as a band of stars across the sky.
Our Galaxy Our Galaxy We are located in the disk of our galaxy and this is why the disk appears as a band of stars across the sky. Early attempts to locate our solar system produced erroneous results.
More informationCosmic Evolution, Part II. Heavy Elements to Molecules
Cosmic Evolution, Part II Heavy Elements to Molecules First a review of terminology: Element Atom Electro- magnetic Electrons Nucleus Electromagnetic Strong Nuclear Compound Molecule Protons Neutrons Neutral
More informationAstronomy 113. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. Distances & the Milky Way. The Curtis View. Our Galaxy. The Shapley View 3/27/18
Astronomy 113 Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. Distances & the Milky Way 14-2 Historical Overview: the Curtis-Shapley Debate ³What is the size of our galaxy? ³What is the nature of spiral nebula? The Curtis
More informationAstronomy 113. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D.
Astronomy 113 Dr. Joseph E. Pesce, Ph.D. Distances & the Milky Way Historical Overview: the Curtis-Shapley Debate ³What is the size of our galaxy? ³What is the nature of spiral nebula? 14-2 ³Occurred in
More informationLecture 9. Quasars, Active Galaxies and AGN
Lecture 9 Quasars, Active Galaxies and AGN Quasars look like stars but have huge redshifts. object with a spectrum much like a dim star highly red-shifted enormous recessional velocity huge distance (Hubble
More informationIsotropy and Homogeneity
Cosmic inventory Isotropy and Homogeneity On large scales the Universe is isotropic (looks the same in all directions) and homogeneity (the same average density at all locations. This is determined from
More informationDust. Interstellar Emission. The four letter word in astrophysics Scattered in S&G mostly pgs , MBW
Dust The four letter word in astrophysics Scattered in S&G mostly pgs 100-108, MBW 478-482 recent conference Proceedings of the International Astronomical Porous chondrite interplanetary dust particle.
More informationOur View of the Milky Way. 23. The Milky Way Galaxy
23. The Milky Way Galaxy The Sun s location in the Milky Way galaxy Nonvisible Milky Way galaxy observations The Milky Way has spiral arms Dark matter in the Milky Way galaxy Density waves produce spiral
More informationThe Milky Way Galaxy and Interstellar Medium
The Milky Way Galaxy and Interstellar Medium Shape of the Milky Way Uniform distribution of stars in a band across the sky lead Thomas Wright, Immanuel Kant, and William Herschel in the 18th century to
More informationThe Interstellar Medium
The Interstellar Medium Fall 2014 Lecturer: Dr. Paul van der Werf Oortgebouw 565, ext 5883 pvdwerf@strw.leidenuniv.nl Assistant: Kirstin Doney Huygenslaboratorium 528 doney@strw.leidenuniv.nl Class Schedule
More informationSoft X-ray Emission Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei. Mat Page
Soft X-ray Emission Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei Mat Page MSSL-UCL Observations of soft X-ray line emission allow us to investigate highly ionized plasmas in galaxies and AGN. I ll start with the most
More informationThe Milky Way. Overview: Number of Stars Mass Shape Size Age Sun s location. First ideas about MW structure. Wide-angle photo of the Milky Way
Figure 70.01 The Milky Way Wide-angle photo of the Milky Way Overview: Number of Stars Mass Shape Size Age Sun s location First ideas about MW structure Figure 70.03 Shapely (~1900): The system of globular
More informationChapter 19 Reading Quiz Clickers. The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition. Our Galaxy Pearson Education, Inc.
Reading Quiz Clickers The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Our Galaxy 19.1 The Milky Way Revealed What does our galaxy look like? How do stars orbit in our galaxy? Where are globular clusters located
More informationGalaxies with Active Nuclei. Active Galactic Nuclei Seyfert Galaxies Radio Galaxies Quasars Supermassive Black Holes
Galaxies with Active Nuclei Active Galactic Nuclei Seyfert Galaxies Radio Galaxies Quasars Supermassive Black Holes Active Galactic Nuclei About 20 25% of galaxies do not fit well into Hubble categories
More informationAn Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology
An Introduction to Galaxies and Cosmology 1.1 Introduction Milky Way (our galaxy - Galaxy) Fig. 1.1 A photograph of one hemisphere of the night sky. (D.di Cicco, Sky Publishing Corp.) 1011 stars 1012
More informationReminders! Observing Projects: Both due Monday. They will NOT be accepted late!!!
Reminders! Website: http://starsarestellar.blogspot.com/ Lectures 1-15 are available for download as study aids. Reading: You should have Chapters 1-14 read. Read Chapters 15-17 by the end of the week.
More information3/1/18 LETTER. Instructors: Jim Cordes & Shami Chatterjee. Reading: as indicated in Syllabus on web
Astro 2299 The Search for Life in the Universe Lecture 9 Last time: Star formation Formation of protostars and planetary systems This time A few things about the epoch of reionization and free fall times
More informationQuasar Absorption Lines
Tracing the Cosmic Web with Diffuse Gas DARK MATTER GAS STARS NEUTRAL HYDROGEN Quasar Absorption Lines use quasars as bright beacons for probing intervening gaseous material can study both galaxies and
More informationTheoretical ideas About Galaxy Wide Star Formation! Star Formation Efficiency!
Theoretical ideas About Galaxy Wide Star Formation Theoretical predictions are that galaxy formation is most efficient near a mass of 10 12 M based on analyses of supernova feedback and gas cooling times
More informationMidterm Results. The Milky Way in the Infrared. The Milk Way from Above (artist conception) 3/2/10
Lecture 13 : The Interstellar Medium and Cosmic Recycling Midterm Results A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath The Milky Way in the Infrared View from the Earth: Edge On Infrared light penetrates the clouds and shows
More informationFermi: Highlights of GeV Gamma-ray Astronomy
Fermi: Highlights of GeV Gamma-ray Astronomy Dave Thompson NASA GSFC On behalf of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope Collaboration Neutrino Oscillation Workshop Otranto, Lecce, Italy
More informationProblem Set 3, AKA First midterm review Astrophysics 4302 Due Date: Sep. 23, 2013
Problem Set 3, AKA First midterm review Astrophysics 4302 Due Date: Sep. 23, 2013 1. δ Cephei is a fundamental distance scale calibrator. It is a Cepheid with a period of 5.4 days. A campaign with the
More informationGalaxy Ecosystems Adam Leroy (OSU), Eric Murphy (NRAO/IPAC) on behalf of ngvla Working Group 2
Next Generation Very Large Array Working Group 2 HI in M74: Walter+ 08 CO in M51: Schinnerer+ 13 Continuum in M82: Marvil & Owen Galaxy Ecosystems Adam Leroy (OSU), Eric Murphy (NRAO/IPAC) on behalf of
More informationAstrochemistry (2) Interstellar extinction. Measurement of the reddening
Measurement of the reddening The reddening of stellar colours casts light on the properties of interstellar dust Astrochemistry (2) Planets and Astrobiology (2016-2017) G. Vladilo The reddening is measured
More informationUniverse Now. 9. Interstellar matter and star clusters
Universe Now 9. Interstellar matter and star clusters About interstellar matter Interstellar space is not completely empty: gas (atoms + molecules) and small dust particles. Over 10% of the mass of the
More informationStar systems like our Milky Way. Galaxies
Galaxies Star systems like our Milky Way Galaxies Contain a few thousand to tens of billions of stars,as well as varying amounts of gas and dust Large variety of shapes and sizes Gas and Dust in
More informationTour of Galaxies. stuff: dust SEMI-WARM. ASTR 1040 Accel Astro: Stars & Galaxies. Dust+dark molecular clouds. in close-up VLT.
ASTR 1040 Accel Astro: Stars & Galaxies Prof. Juri Toomre TA: Nicholas Nelson, Zeeshan Parkar Lecture 23 Tues 6 Apr 2010 zeus.colorado.edu/astr1040-toomre toomre Tour of Galaxies Role of dust in absorbing/scattering
More informationHubble sequence galaxy classification scheme, originally based on appearance, but correlates with other properties as well.
Normal Galaxies (Ch. 24) Here we will cover topics in Ch. 24 up to 24.4, but then skip 24.4, 24.5. The sections we are skipping are all about processes that occur in the centers of galaxies, so I d like
More informationAstronomy 422! Lecture 7: The Milky Way Galaxy III!
Astronomy 422 Lecture 7: The Milky Way Galaxy III Key concepts: The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way Radio and X-ray sources Announcements: Test next Tuesday, February 16 Chapters
More informationStellar Populations: Resolved vs. unresolved
Outline Stellar Populations: Resolved vs. unresolved Individual stars can be analyzed Applicable for Milky Way star clusters and the most nearby galaxies Integrated spectroscopy / photometry only The most
More informationPhysics and chemistry of the interstellar medium. Lecturers: Simon Glover, Rowan Smith Tutor: Raquel Chicharro
Physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium Lecturers: Simon Glover, Rowan Smith Tutor: Raquel Chicharro This course consists of three components: Lectures Exercises Seminar [Wed., 2-4] [Thu., 4-5]
More informationCompact Starbursts: Extreme Star Formation and Feedback at High Density Aleks Diamond-Stanic Grainger Fellow, University of Wisconsin
Compact Starbursts: Extreme Star Formation and Feedback at High Density Aleks Diamond-Stanic Grainger Fellow, University of Wisconsin Arp 220 (talks by N. Scoville, D. Elbaz) 12 galaxies from our sample
More informationOur Galaxy. Milky Way Galaxy = Sun + ~100 billion other stars + gas and dust. Held together by gravity! The Milky Way with the Naked Eye
Our Galaxy Milky Way Galaxy = Sun + ~100 billion other stars + gas and dust Held together by gravity! The Milky Way with the Naked Eye We get a special view of our own galaxy because we are part of it!
More informationBeyond the Visible -- Exploring the Infrared Universe
Beyond the Visible -- Exploring the Infrared Universe Prof. T. Jarrett (UCT) Infrared Window Telescopes ISM -- Galaxies Infrared Window Near-infrared: 1 to 5 µm Mid-infrared: 5 to 50 µm
More informationTHE GALACTIC CORONA. In honor of. Jerry Ostriker. on his 80 th birthday. Chris McKee Princeton 5/13/2017. with Yakov Faerman Amiel Sternberg
THE GALACTIC CORONA In honor of Jerry Ostriker on his 80 th birthday Chris McKee Princeton 5/13/2017 with Yakov Faerman Amiel Sternberg A collaboration that began over 40 years ago and resulted in a lifelong
More informationGalactic dust in the Herschel and Planck era. François Boulanger Institut d Astrophysique Spatiale
Galactic dust in the Herschel and Planck era François Boulanger Institut d Astrophysique Spatiale Motivation Dust emission Dust models Dust life cycle Planck early results Dust polarisation Outline Dust
More informationNeutron Stars. Neutron Stars and Black Holes. The Crab Pulsar. Discovery of Pulsars. The Crab Pulsar. Light curves of the Crab Pulsar.
Chapter 11: Neutron Stars and Black Holes A supernova explosion of an M > 8 M sun star blows away its outer layers. Neutron Stars The central core will collapse into a compact object of ~ a few M sun.
More informationBenjamin Weiner Steward Observatory November 15, 2009 Research Interests
Benjamin Weiner Steward Observatory November 15, 2009 Research Interests My recent research projects study galaxy evolution with emphasis on star formation histories, gas accretion and outflow, and galaxy
More informationMolecular line survey observations toward nearby galaxies with IRAM 30 m
Molecular line survey observations toward nearby galaxies with IRAM 30 m Yuri Nishimura IoA/The University of Tokyo, NAOJ IRAM 30 m: 32 GHz in only two tunings FTS 200 khz resolution: simultaneously observing
More informationInterstellar Dust and Gas
Interstellar Dust and Gas In 1783 William Herschel began a survey of the heavens using an 18 ¾ inch reflector of his own construction. His goal was to discover new star clusters, nebulae, and double stars.
More informationEmpirical Evidence for AGN Feedback
Empirical Evidence for AGN Feedback Christy Tremonti MPIA (Heidelberg) / U. Wisconsin-Madison Aleks Diamond-Stanic (U. Arizona), John Moustakas (NYU) Much observational and theoretical evidence supports
More informationHow do disks transfer angular momentum to deliver gas onto compact objects? How do accretion disks launch winds and jets?
Astro2010 Science White Paper (GCT) Fundamental Accretion and Ejection Astrophysics J. Miller, M. Nowak, P. Nandra, N. Brandt, G. Matt, M. Cappi, G. Risaliti, S. Kitamoto, F. Paerels. M. Watson, R. Smith,
More informationWhere are the missing baryons? Craig Hogan SLAC Summer Institute 2007
Where are the missing baryons? Craig Hogan SLAC Summer Institute 2007 Reasons to care Concordance of many measures of baryon number (BBN, CMB,.) Evolution of our personal baryons (galaxies, stars, planets,
More informationIntergalactic Dust Extinction in Hydrodynamic Cosmological Simulations
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 000 000 (0000) Printed 24 May 2010 (MN LATEX style file v2.2) Intergalactic Dust Extinction in Hydrodynamic Cosmological Simulations Ying Zu 1, David H. Weinberg 1,2,3, Romeel
More informationThe Milky Way Galaxy
1/5/011 The Milky Way Galaxy Distribution of Globular Clusters around a Point in Sagittarius About 00 globular clusters are distributed in random directions around the center of our galaxy. 1 1/5/011 Structure
More information3/6/12! Astro 358/Spring 2012! Galaxies and the Universe! Dark Matter in Spiral Galaxies. Dark Matter in Galaxies!
3/6/12 Astro 358/Spring 2012 Galaxies and the Universe Dark Matter in Galaxies Figures + Tables for Lectures (Feb 16-Mar 6) Dark Matter in Spiral Galaxies Flat rotation curve of Milky Way at large radii
More informationReally, what universe do we live in? White dwarfs Supernova type Ia Accelerating universe Cosmic shear Lyman α forest
Really, what universe do we live in? White dwarfs Supernova type Ia Accelerating universe Cosmic shear Lyman α forest White dwarf Core of solar mass star No energy from fusion or gravitational contraction
More informationInterstellar Medium and Star Birth
Interstellar Medium and Star Birth Interstellar dust Lagoon nebula: dust + gas Interstellar Dust Extinction and scattering responsible for localized patches of darkness (dark clouds), as well as widespread
More informationThe Monster Roars: AGN Feedback & Co-Evolution with Galaxies
The Monster Roars: AGN Feedback & Co-Evolution with Galaxies Philip Hopkins Ø (Nearly?) Every massive galaxy hosts a supermassive black hole Ø Mass accreted in ~couple bright quasar phase(s) (Soltan, Salucci+,
More informationGas Masses and Gas Fractions: Applications of the Kennicutt- Schmidt Law at High Redshift
Gas Masses and Gas Fractions: Applications of the Kennicutt- Schmidt Law at High Redshift Dawn Erb (CfA) Kennicutt-Schmidt Workshop, UCSD December 19, 2006 Overview Properties of star-forming galaxies
More informationX-ray Radiation, Absorption, and Scattering
X-ray Radiation, Absorption, and Scattering What we can learn from data depend on our understanding of various X-ray emission, scattering, and absorption processes. We will discuss some basic processes:
More informationASTRON 449: Stellar (Galactic) Dynamics. Fall 2014
ASTRON 449: Stellar (Galactic) Dynamics Fall 2014 In this course, we will cover the basic phenomenology of galaxies (including dark matter halos, stars clusters, nuclear black holes) theoretical tools
More informationThe Birth Of Stars. How do stars form from the interstellar medium Where does star formation take place How do we induce star formation
Goals: The Birth Of Stars How do stars form from the interstellar medium Where does star formation take place How do we induce star formation Interstellar Medium Gas and dust between stars is the interstellar
More informationCosmic Evolution, Part II. Heavy Elements to Molecules
Cosmic Evolution, Part II Heavy Elements to Molecules Heavy elements molecules First a review of terminology: Electromagnetic Electrons Element Atom Nucleus Compound Molecule Electromagnetic Strong Nuclear
More informationSupernova Feedback in Low and High Mass Galaxies: Luke Hovey 10 December 2009
Supernova Feedback in Low and High Mass Galaxies: Luke Hovey 10 December 2009 Galactic Winds: Mathews, W. et al. 1971 Effects of Supernovae on the Early Evolution of Galaxies: Larson, R. 1974 The origin
More informationScience with the New Hubble Instruments. Ken Sembach STScI Hubble Project Scientist
Science with the New Hubble Instruments Ken Sembach STScI Hubble Project Scientist 1 Hubble Has Improved Over Time Servicing missions have improved Hubble s vision. Hubble sees farther and with greater
More informationExtragalactic Background Light Rebecca A Bernstein. Encyclopedia of Astronomy & Astrophysics P. Murdin
eaa.iop.org DOI: 10.1888/0333750888/2639 Extragalactic Background Light Rebecca A Bernstein From Encyclopedia of Astronomy & Astrophysics P. Murdin IOP Publishing Ltd 2006 ISBN: 0333750888 Institute of
More informationGravitational Stability of Fluids in a Phase Transition. Andreas Füglistaler. July 17, 2017
Gravitational Stability of Fluids in a Phase Transition July 17, 2017 Füglistaler & Pfenniger 2015, 2016 and 2017 (in preparation) Motivation Physics Simulations Conclusions Solid H2 in the ISM Gravitational
More informationThe Intergalactic Medium: Overview and Selected Aspects
The Intergalactic Medium: Overview and Selected Aspects Draft Version Tristan Dederichs June 18, 2018 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 The IGM at high redshifts (z > 5) 2 2.1 Early Universe and Reionization......................................
More informationPhotodissociation Regions Radiative Transfer. Dr. Thomas G. Bisbas
Photodissociation Regions Radiative Transfer Dr. Thomas G. Bisbas tbisbas@ufl.edu Interstellar Radiation Field In the solar neighbourhood, the ISRF is dominated by six components Schematic sketch of the
More information4/6/17. SEMI-WARM stuff: dust. Tour of Galaxies. Our Schedule
ASTR 1040: Stars & Galaxies Super-bubble blowout in NGC 3709 Prof. Juri Toomre TAs: Piyush Agrawal, Connor Bice Lecture 22 Thur 6 Apr 2017 zeus.colorado.edu/astr1040-toomre Tour of Galaxies Look at complex
More informationSurvey of dusty AGNs based on the mid-infrared all-sky survey catalog. Shinki Oyabu (Nagoya University) & MSAGN team
Survey of dusty AGNs based on the mid-infrared all-sky survey catalog Shinki Oyabu (Nagoya University) & MSAGN team Search for Active Galactic Nuclei Purpose 1 The MIR selection can minimize wavelength-dependent
More informationPossible Extra Credit Option
Possible Extra Credit Option Attend an advanced seminar on Astrophysics or Astronomy held by the Physics and Astronomy department. There are seminars held every 2:00 pm, Thursday, Room 190, Physics & Astronomy
More informationPaul Sell. University of Wisconsin-Madison Advisor: Christy Tremonti
A SAMPLE OF EXTREME MERGER-DRIVEN STARBURST GALAXIES AS VIEWED BY THE CHANDRA AND HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPES Paul Sell University of Wisconsin-Madison Advisor: Christy Tremonti Collaboration: Aleks Diamond-Stanic,
More informationGalactic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission
Galactic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission The Bright Gamma-Ray Sky 7 th AGILE Workshop 29 Sep - 1 Oct, 2009 Stanley D. Hunter NASA/GSFC stanley.d.hunter@nasa.gov Galactic Diffuse Emission The beginning: OSO
More informationDust in the Diffuse Universe
Dust in the Diffuse Universe Obscuring Effects Chemical Effects Thermal Effects Dynamical Effects Diagnostic Power Evidence for Grains: Chemical Effects Catalyzes molecular hydrogen formation. Depletion
More informationStellar Life Cycle in Giant Galactic Nebula NGC edited by David L. Alles Western Washington University
Stellar Life Cycle in Giant Galactic Nebula NGC 3603 edited by David L. Alles Western Washington University e-mail: alles@biol.wwu.edu Introduction NGC 3603 is a giant HII region in the Carina spiral arm
More informationActive Galactic Nuclei
Active Galactic Nuclei Optical spectra, distance, line width Varieties of AGN and unified scheme Variability and lifetime Black hole mass and growth Geometry: disk, BLR, NLR Reverberation mapping Jets
More informationAstr 2320 Thurs. April 27, 2017 Today s Topics. Chapter 21: Active Galaxies and Quasars
Astr 2320 Thurs. April 27, 2017 Today s Topics Chapter 21: Active Galaxies and Quasars Emission Mechanisms Synchrotron Radiation Starburst Galaxies Active Galactic Nuclei Seyfert Galaxies BL Lac Galaxies
More informationChapter 17. Active Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes
Chapter 17 Active Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes Guidepost In the last few chapters, you have explored our own and other galaxies, and you are ready to stretch your scientific imagination and study
More informationChapter 10 The Interstellar Medium
Chapter 10 The Interstellar Medium Guidepost You have begun your study of the sun and other stars, but now it is time to study the thin gas and dust that drifts through space between the stars. This chapter
More informationGalaxies: The Nature of Galaxies
Galaxies: The Nature of Galaxies The Milky Way The Milky Way is visible to the unaided eye at most place on Earth Galileo in 1610 used his telescope to resolve the faint band into numerous stars In the
More informationAn Introduction to Radio Astronomy
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy Bernard F. Burke Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Francis Graham-Smith Jodrell Bank, University of Manchester CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface Acknowledgements
More informationHalo Gas Velocities Using Multi-slit Spectroscopy
Halo Gas Velocities Using Multi-slit Spectroscopy Cat Wu Thesis Proposal, Fall 2009 Astronomy Department New Mexico State University Outline Diffuse ionized gas; galaxy halos Origin of halo galactic fountain
More informationASTROPHYSICS. K D Abhyankar. Universities Press S T A R S A ND G A L A X I E S
ASTROPHYSICS S T A R S A ND G A L A X I E S K D Abhyankar Universities Press Contents Foreword vii Preface ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 ' Astronomy and astrophysics 1 1.2 Importance of astronomy 2 1.3 Methods
More informationDark Baryons and their Hidden Places. Physics 554: Nuclear Astrophysics Towfiq Ahmed December 7, 2007
Dark Baryons and their Hidden Places Physics 554: Nuclear Astrophysics Towfiq Ahmed December 7, 2007 Contents History Inconsistent Matter Inventory Dark Baryon vs. Dark Matter Possible Hidden Places Search
More informationCosmology The Road Map
Cosmology The Road Map Peter Schneider Institut für Astrophysik, Bonn University on behalf of the Astronomy Working Group Cosmology s Themes Fundamental Cosmology Probing inflation Investigating Dark Energy
More informationGALAXY EVOLUTION STUDIES AND HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING
GALAXY EVOLUTION STUDIES AND HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING Andreas Efstathiou European University Cyprus Astrophysics and HPC group ACTIVE AREAS OF ASTRONOMY OPPORTUNITIES FOR THEORETICAL, OBSERVATIONAL AND
More informationDLAs Probing Quasar Host Galaxies. Hayley Finley P. Petitjean, P. Noterdaeme, I. Pâris + SDSS III BOSS Collaboration 2013 A&A
DLAs Probing Quasar Host Galaxies Hayley Finley P. Petitjean, P. Noterdaeme, I. Pâris + SDSS III BOSS Collaboration 2013 A&A 558 111 Outline Feedback mechanisms in QSO host galaxies Strong DLAs at zqso
More information8: Composition and Physical state of Interstellar Dust
8: Composition and Physical state of Interstellar Dust James Graham UC, Berkeley 1 Reading Tielens, Interstellar Medium, Ch. 5 Mathis, J. S. 1990, AARA, 28, 37 Draine, B. T., 2003, AARA, 41, 241 2 Nature
More informationImplementing sub-grid treatments of galactic outflows into cosmological simulations. Hugo Martel Université Laval
Implementing sub-grid treatments of galactic outflows into cosmological simulations Hugo Martel Université Laval Leiden, June 19, 2013 GALACTIC OUTFLOWS Optical image of galaxy (Hubble Space Telescope)
More informationThe Physics of the Interstellar Medium
The Physics of the Interstellar Medium Ulrike Heiter Contact: 471 5970 ulrike@astro.uu.se www.astro.uu.se Matter between stars Average distance between stars in solar neighbourhood: 1 pc = 3 x 1013 km,
More informationAccretion Disks. Review: Stellar Remnats. Lecture 12: Black Holes & the Milky Way A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath 2/25/10. Review: Creating Stellar Remnants
Lecture 12: Black Holes & the Milky Way A2020 Prof. Tom Megeath Review: Creating Stellar Remnants Binaries may be destroyed in white dwarf supernova Binaries be converted into black holes Review: Stellar
More informationAn Introduction to Radio Astronomy
An Introduction to Radio Astronomy Second edition Bernard F. Burke and Francis Graham-Smith CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface to the second edition page x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The role of radio
More informationInterstellar Dust and Gas
Interstellar Dust and Gas In 1783 William Herschel began a survey of the heavens using an 18 ¾ inch reflector of his own construction. His goal was to discover new star clusters, nebulae, and double stars.
More informationRadio Nebulae around Luminous Blue Variable Stars
Radio Nebulae around Luminous Blue Variable Stars Claudia Agliozzo 1 G. Umana 2 C. Trigilio 2 C. Buemi 2 P. Leto 2 A. Ingallinera 1 A. Noriega-Crespo 3 J. Hora 4 1 University of Catania, Italy 2 INAF-Astrophysical
More information3 reasons it was hard to figure out that we are in a Galaxy
Prof. Jeff Kenney Class 10 October 3, 2016 3 reasons it was hard to figure out that we are in a Galaxy 1. it's big -- one needs sensitive telescopes to see (individual stars) across the Galaxy 2. we're
More information