Thaisa Storchi Bergmann Instituto de Física, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

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[Fe II] and H 2 Outflows N Far side E Inflows -600-520 -440-360 -280-200

1 [Fe II] and H 2 Outflows N Far side E Inflows Thaisa Storchi Bergmann Instituto de Física, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gemini Science Meeting, San Francisco, July

2 Rogemar A. Riffel (Poster #17) Rogério Riffel (Poster #18) Guilherme Couto (Poster #6) Astor João Schönell Jr. (Poster #20) Marlon Rodrigo Diniz (Poster #9) Fausto K. B. Barbosa Allan Schnorr Müller David Sanmartin Tiberio Borges Vale Cláudia Winge (Gemini) Peter McGregor (ANU) David Axon (RIT, in memorium) Andrew Robinson (RIT) Davide Lena (RIT) Neil Nagar (Univ. Concepción, Chile) Moiré Gonçalves Hennig Carine Brum Jaciara Fuchs 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 2

3 Storchi- Bergmann et al.: "2D mapping of young stars in inner 180 pc of NGC 1068 vs. molecular gas and stellar kinematics"; 2012, ApJ, in press Riffel & Storchi- Bergmann: "Feeding and feedback in the AGN of Mrk1157 probed with the Gemini NIFS", 2011, MNRAS, 417, Riffel et al.: "Intermediate- age stars as the origin of low stellar velocity dispersion nuclear rings: the case of Mrk1157", 2011, MNRAS, 416, 493. Schnorr Müller et al.: "Gas streaming motions towards the nucleus of M81", 2011, MNRAS, 413, 149. Riffel & Storchi- Bergmann: "Compact molecular disc and ionized gas outflows within inner 350 pc of Mrk 1066", 2011, MNRAS, 411, 469. Riffel, Storchi- Bergmann & Nagar: "Near- IR dust and line emission in Mrk1066: constraints from Gemini NIFS", 2010, MNRAS, 404, 166. Riffel et al.: "Intermediate- age Stars as Origin of the Low- velocity Dispersion Nuclear Ring in Mrk 1066", 2010, ApJ, 713, 469. Storchi- Bergmann et al.: "Feeding versus feedback in NGC4151 probed with Gemini NIFS - II. Kinematics", 2010, MNRAS, 402, 819. Winge, Riffel & Storchi- Bergmann: "The Gemini Spectral Library of Near- IR Late- Type Stellar Templates", 2009, ApJS, 185, 186. Riffel, Storchi- Bergmann & McGregor: "The Dusty Nuclear Torus in NGC 4151: Constraints from Gemini NIFS Observations", 2009, ApJ, 698, Barbosa et al.: "Gemini/GMOS IFU gas velocity `tomography' of the narrow line region of nearby active galaxies", 2009, MNRAS, 396, 2. Storchi- Bergmann et al.: "Feeding versus feedback in NGC4151 probed with Gemini NIFS - I. Excitation", 2009, MNRAS, 394, Riffel et al.: "AGN- starburst connection in NGC7582: Gemini near- infrared spectrograph integral field unit observations", 2009, MNRAS, 393, 783. Riffel et al.: "Mapping of molecular gas inflow towards the Seyfert nucleus of NGC4051 using Gemini NIFS", 2008, MNRAS, 385, Dors et al.: "Ages and metallicities of circumnuclear star formation regions from Gemini IFU observations", 2008, A&A, 482, 59. Storchi- Bergmann et al.: "Nuclear Spirals as Feeding Channels to the SMBH: The Case of the Galaxy NGC 6951", 2007, ApJ, 670, 959. Riffel et al.: "Gemini near- IR integral field spectroscopy of NLR of ESO428- G14: kinematics, excitation and role of radio jet", 2006, MNRAS, 373, 2 Barbosa et al.: "Gemini/GMOS Integral Field Unit stellar kinematics of the nuclear region of six nearby active galaxies", 2006, MNRAS, 371, 170. Fathi et al.: "Streaming Motions toward the Supermassive Black Hole in NGC 1097", 2006, ApJ, 641, 25. 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 3

4 SMBH grows via gas inflow to the inner region - > (1) map and quantify gas inflows (required to be present by hard to see) Feedback regulates the growth of SMBH and bulge - > (2) map and quantify gas outflows (almost always seen) Bulge grows via formation of new stars in the nuclear region - > (3) map the circum- nuclear stellar population 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 4

Near- IR: NIFS + ALTAIR (adaptative optics) FOV: 3 3 Sampling: 0.04 0.1 PSF ~ 0.

5 Near- IR: NIFS + ALTAIR (adaptative optics) FOV: 3 3 Sampling: PSF ~ 0.1 R~5500, Z, J, H, K Optical: GMOS IFU FOV: 3.5 x5 or 5 x7 Sampling 0.2 PSF ~ 0.6 R~4000 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 5

control sample of non- AGN; - > Nuclear spirals: channels to feed the SMBH (Maciejewski 2004, van de

6 HST F606W images (Simões Lopes et al. 2007): Dusty nuclear spirals and filaments present in ~100% of early- type AGN; But in only 25% of control sample of non- AGN; - > Nuclear spirals: channels to feed the SMBH (Maciejewski 2004, van de Ven & Fathi 2010; Piñol- Ferrer, Lindblad & Fathi 2012) active non- active active non- active 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 6

with nuclear spirals 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi

7 GMOS IFU: 3 fields 5 x7 =15 x7 (1.2x0.6 kpc) Measured gas kinematics (Hα +[NII]) Fit and subtract a circular rotating disk model Look for residuals in association with nuclear spirals 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 7

Residuals of up to 50 km/s along nuclear spirals Mass inflow rate of ionized gas: ~10-3 M sun yr -1 Flow in neutral and molecular gas much larger (Davies et al.

8 Residuals of up to 50 km/s along nuclear spirals Mass inflow rate of ionized gas: ~10-3 M sun yr -1 Flow in neutral and molecular gas much larger (Davies et al. 2009, SINFONI) Another case: NGC6951 (Storchi-Bergmann et al. 2007) Difficulties: in most cases kinematics is too disturbed to fit circular model 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 8

9 NIFS, K- band 3 x 4 (135x180pc) Channel maps in H 2 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 9

rate - > only hot skin of molecular gas flow Cold molecular gas: 10 5 larger (Dale et al.

10 H 2 channel maps Blueshifts in far side, redshifts in near side. If gas is in the plane - > inflow Mass inflow ratio 10-5 M sun yr -1 ~1/100 mass accretion rate - > only hot skin of molecular gas flow Cold molecular gas: 10 5 larger (Dale et al. 2005) - > Mass inflow rate 1 M sun yr - 1 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 10

Sa, LINER/Seyfert 1 0.7 kpc x 1 kpc Hα ring at ~3 kpc Nuclear spiral 0.

11 Sa, LINER/Seyfert kpc x 1 kpc Hα ring at ~3 kpc Nuclear spiral 0.6 =60 pc 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 11

Gas kinematics Stellar kinematics Stellar kinematics from absorption lines: rotation (close to face on) Gas kinematics: inflows along the minor axis (arrows) in Hα, [NII], [SII]: 200 km/s in

12 Gas kinematics Stellar kinematics Stellar kinematics from absorption lines: rotation (close to face on) Gas kinematics: inflows along the minor axis (arrows) in Hα, [NII], [SII]: 200 km/s in nuclear spiral Ionized gas mass inflow rate: 0.9 M yr - 1 Similar inflow in M81 (Schnorr Müller et al. 2011): 0.1 M yr - 1 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 12

SABab, Sy 1.5 560 pc x 210 pc 0.1 : ~ 7 pc [FeII] 1.64μm: ioniz.

122μm: along bar; 50 pc, avoids cone, T e ~2000K Coronal lines:

13 SABab, Sy pc x 210 pc 0.1 : ~ 7 pc [FeII] 1.64μm: ioniz. cone, 100 pc, N e ~4000 cm - 3, T e ~15000K H μm: along bar; 50 pc, avoids cone, T e ~2000K Coronal lines: barely resolved 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 13

14 Integrated fluxes within velocity bins along emission- line profiles: è gas distributions at different velocities 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 14

15 - 600 km s - 1 < v < km s - 1 Highest blueshifts (SW) and redshifts (NE): conical outflow Low velocities: loss of conical shape: torus has holes and ionizes gas from the galaxy plane Radio jet (green) misaligned with the cone: interaction with gas in the galaxy plane 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 15

16 Mass outflow rate ~ 2 M yr - 1 Kinetic power of outflow: 0.3% L bol In 5 x 10 7 yrs, ~10 8 M of gas will be expelled (estimated reservoir of molecular gas) 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 16

17 Hot molecular gas: rotation in the galaxy plane Hot H2 mass: 240 M Cold H x 240 M (Dale et al. 2005) 2.4 x 10 8 M Possibly accumulated from inflow along bar (Mundell & Shone 1999) 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 17

18 SBO, Sy pc x 700 pc 0.1 = 23.3 pc [Fe II] collimated, aligned with radio jet H2 more evenly distributed in the galaxy plane 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 18

Channel maps Centroid velocities - 500 km/s < v <500 km/s Highest velocities: outflows; correlation with radio jet Lowest

19 Channel maps Centroid velocities km/s < v <500 km/s Highest velocities: outflows; correlation with radio jet Lowest velocities: rotation Mass outflow rate: ~ 0.5 M yr - 1 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 19

Channel maps Centroid velocities Structure map - 200 km/s < v <200 km/s Inflows along

(Dale et al. 2005) - > 10 8 M in cold H2 Mass inflow rate: ~0.

20 Channel maps Centroid velocities Structure map km/s < v <200 km/s Inflows along nuclear spiral arms + rotation in the disk, compact disc Hot H2 mass: ~ 3300 M x (Dale et al. 2005) - > 10 8 M in cold H2 Mass inflow rate: ~0.6 M yr - 1 (cold) ~ mass outflow rate! 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 20

21 HST [OIII] Sb, Seyfert 2 Das et al pc x 500 pc 0.1 = 7 pc [FeII]: hour- glass shape; 250 pc from nucleus [OIII] (green contours) H 2 : 200 pc ring 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 21

[Fe II] and H 2 N Far side E -600-520 -440-360 -280-200 -120-40 [Fe II]: outflows Velocities up

22 [Fe II] and H 2 N Far side E [Fe II]: outflows Velocities up to 800 km/s Blueshifts: front of outflow Redshifts: back of outflow Hourglass shape as in PN (e.g. NGC6302), also YSO Modeling in progress (hourglass/ lemniscate) /6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 22

23 [Fe II] and H 2 E N Far side H2 (green): inflows and expansion in the plane tongue Rotation in the galaxy plane Blueshifts in the near side Redshifts in the far side - > expansion in the plane (Krips et al in sub- mm CO emission); related to young stellar population (Storchi- Bergmann et al. 2012, Riffel poster #18) Inflow in tongue (Mueller- Sanchez et al. 2009): 15 M yr /6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 23

First 2D stellar population studies using near- IR spectra (NIFS): ring of low stellar velocity dispersion correlates with 100 Myr stellar population in Mrk1066 Young (30Myr)

24 First 2D stellar population studies using near- IR spectra (NIFS): ring of low stellar velocity dispersion correlates with 100 Myr stellar population in Mrk1066 Young (30Myr) stellar population correlates with H2 ring in NGC1068; for stellar kinematics see Poster #9 (Marlon Diniz) 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 24

25 Observed in ionized gas in association to nuclear spirals Inflow velocities: km/s In hot (2000K) molecular gas: inflows along nuclear spirals and/ or rotation in nuclear disk in the galaxy plane (see also Poster #17 by Rogemar Riffel for another case of inflow) Mass inflow rates ~ 0.1 few M 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 25

26 Outflows in ionized gas with velocities: km s - 1. For more outflows: see Poster #6 on Arp102B by Guilherme Couto; and Poster #20 by Astor Schönell Total mass of ionized gas: ~ M Mass outflow rates: M yr - 1 ~ x accretion rate to AGN è mass loading of nuclear outflow (Veilleux et al. 2005) But Mass outflow rates ~ mass inflow rates on 100 pc scales - > most mass that goes into inner 100 pc, comes out Power of outflow (nearby ~low- luminosity sample): 10-3 L bol 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 26

27 Rings of low stellar velocity dispersion at 100 s pc scales seem to be common Age of stellar population at the rings ranges from young to intermediate (30 Myr < age < 700 Myr) More studies being done - > Consistent with growth of the stellar bulge via recent episodes of star formation 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 27

28 Complete significant sample, covering a range of AGN power (Large Program); ALMA: can we see the inflows in cold molecular gas? 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 28

29 This movie and others: 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 29

30 As well as Gemini Staff Brazilian NTAC and ITAC! 8/6/12 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann, Gas Flows in the inner kpc of active galaxies 30

Thaisa Storchi Bergmann Instituto de Física, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

[Fe II] and H 2 Outflows N Far side Inflows Stellar Population E -600-520 -440-360 -280-200 -120-40 2 1 0 1 2 40 120 200 280 360 440 520 600 2 1 0 1 2 Thaisa Storchi Bergmann Instituto de Física, UFRGS,