The Core-Degenerate (CD) Scenario Noam Soker Department of Physics, Technion

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1 The Core-Degenerate (CD) Scenario am Soker Department of Physics, Technion The Core-Degenerate (CD) scenario: The exploding object is formed at the termination of the common envelope phase from a merger of a WD companion with the hot core of a massive asymptotic giant branch star. The remnant can explode immediately, or after spinning-down. (Ilkov & Soker 2012, 2013)

2 Property (e.g., 2002ic: 1.3Mo; Livio & Riess 2003: core-wd merger) CD Scenario fits the best; Soker et al. (2013) (Poster by Danny Tsebrenko) When the can be calculated >0.1Mo close to center. M M CSM CSM size AU (Soker et al. 2013) M CSM 1 3/2 M giant left! (Wolfgang Kerzendorf) t seen progenitor/remnant H in some SNe Ia

3 Property When the can be calculated >0.1Mo close to center. (Soker et al. 2013) time -1 Delay Time t for t >1Gyr. Only stars with M MS > 2M [M > 2.3 M ; Ilkov & Soker 2013] M CSM M 3/2 x 0.8 M 1000AU CSM 1M MS t seen progenitor/remnant H in some SNe Ia

4 Delay-Time Figure from Graur, O., & Maoz, D. (2013) Slope if stars with M<2Mo [MWD=0.62Mo] contribute to SN Ia (Greggio, L., Renzini, A., & Daddi, E. 2008)

5 Property Elliptical remnants When the can be calculated >0.1Mo close to center. M M CSM CSM 1 x AU M 3/2 M (Soker et al. 2013) -1 t for t>1gyr. Only stars with M MS > 2M t seen progenitor/remnant H in some SNe Ia

6 JETS!? : ~1Mo CSM Simulations of jets Poster by Danny Tsebrenko (arxiv: last week) G SNR

7 Planetary nebulae Jets might be common in pre - SN Ia, (Tsebrenko & Soker 2013, accepted by astro-ph), although their energy is very small, unlike core collapse supernovae (CCSNe), where we think that jets explode all of them. see poster by Oded Papish see poster by Avishai Gilkis

8 Property (SN 2011fe) Single-Degenerate scenario But...OK according to Mazzali et al. (yesterday on astro-ph; arxiv : ) Thus we qualitatively favour the hydrogen-accretion scenario. Progenitor/Remnant not seen H in CSM of some SNe Ia

9 Property (SN 2011fe) Chomiuk, Laura; Soderberg, Alicia M.;..Moe, M., Chevalier, Roger A.; Rupen, M. P.; Badenes, Carles; Margutti, Raffaella; Fransson, Claes;... (2012) Practically ruled out all SD cases,..leaving..exotic single degenerate.. Single-Degenerate scenario But...OK according to Mazzali et al. (yesterday on astro-ph; arxiv : ) Thus we qualitatively favour the hydrogen-accretion scenario. Progenitor/Remnant not seen H in CSM of some SNe Ia

10 Property (SN 2011fe) Chomiuk, Laura; Soderberg, Alicia M.;..Moe, M., Chevalier, Roger A.; Rupen, M. P.; Badenes, Carles; Margutti, Raffaella; Fransson, Claes;... (2012) Practically ruled out all SD cases,..leaving..exotic single degenerate.. (Exotic? Maybe an Uranium star with cadmium where alpha particle are accreted *) Single-Degenerate scenario But...OK according to Mazzali et al. (yesterday on astro-ph; arxiv : ) Thus we qualitatively favour the hydrogen-accretion scenario. * The cadmium is needed to prevent fission chain reaction in the star Progenitor/Remnant not seen H in CSM of some SNe Ia

11 Property (SN 2011fe) Progenitor/Remnant not seen H in CSM of some SNe Ia Single-Degenerate scenario

12 Property Single-Degenerate (SN 2002ic) (SN 2011fe) Progenitor/Remnant not seen H in CSM of some SNe Ia (strong ) (strong ) Maybe OK? (Dean Townsley)

13 My view: t even one SN Ia since the big bang came from the single-degenerate route. This is strongly supported by my wife and three kids This comes from Occam s Razor Principle:

14 My view: t even one SN Ia since the big bang came from the single-degenerate route. This is strongly supported by my wife and three kids This comes from Occam s Razor Principle: The Iron in the Razor does not come from explosion of a SD scenario.

15 Property DD1 DD2 DD3 CD ; Violent merger (Pakmor et al.) Double Detonation (from Ken Shen 2013) WD-WD Collisin (Kushnir et al. 2013) Can be Violent or d-detonation in prompt explosion (can explain 0 ± 1% of all SN Ia) (Hamers et for number al. 2013) Slope under construction (SN 2011fe) Some might have Progenitor/Remnant not seen?? H in some CSM (0.001Mo)? Merger rate of WD (Badenes Maoz 2012) Good for DD, but not for all ignition processes t relevant t relevant

16 Summary (my view): The Property DD2+CD DD1 DD2 DD3 CD Collision act together (Kushnir et al. 2013) Violent merger (Pakmor et al.) For these use Coredegenerate Double Detonation For these use Coredegenerate Can be Violent d-detonation in prompt explosion for number Slope? else: use DD (SN 2011fe) Some might have Progenitor/Remnant not seen??? H in some CSM use CD use CD? Merger rate of WD (Badenes Maoz 2012) Good for DD, but not for all ignition processes t relevant t relevant