The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) Project

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1 The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) Project Mamoru Doi, University of Tokyo, On behalf of TAO project The 3rd Workshop on Large Aperture Sub/mm Telescope in the ALMA Era Mar , Mitaka, Japan

2 The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) project Goal A 6.5-m Infrared-optical telescope at the summit of Co. Chajnantor (Altitude 5,640m) The highest astronomical observatory in the world

3 TAO team Institute of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo Headquarters at Mitaka, Tokyo Prof. Yuzuru Yoshii Director & Project Leader TAO members at IoA 3 Professors, 4 Associate Professors, 5 Assistant Professors, 4 Engineers, 3 postdocs Kiso Observatory at Nagano 1m- Schmidt Telescope Dept of Astronomy UT, NAOJ, JAXA, other Japanese universities Univ. of Chile: Profs. Bronfman, Hamuy, Maza, Ruiz, Mendez, Univ. of Catolica: Profs. Infante, Vanzi, Univ. of Concepción Chilean Government: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, CONICYT,.. Cerro Chajnantor Atacama Telescope (CCAT) project (25-m sub-mm telescope)

4 Site Mt.Chajnantor (5640m) at Andes&Atacama Desert in northern Chile Nearest Town ~50km San Pedro de Atacama (~2400m) Nearest Airport ~150km Calama airport TAO (5640m) 6.5-m Infrared-optical CCAT (5600m) 25-m sub-mm Chile TAO ALMA Salar de Atacama 2km San Pedro de Atacama

5 Site Studies (since ~1999) (access road completed) Weather station MIR whole Sky camera DIMM (seeing monitor) Clear fraction : ~ 80% Perceptible water vapor : < best 10% Seeing condition : 0.69 V, median One of the best sites for the IR astronomy

6 The minitao 1-m telescope a pathfinder telescope of the TAO project ANIR near infrared camera MAX38 mid infrared camera Completed in March 2009 Two instruments (NIR, MIR) Operation ~2months x 1-2 / year; 10% for Chile community Remote operation from SPdA

7 ANIR an near-ir (& optical) imager Paα (1.875µm) imaging from the ground TAO 5,640m Galactic Center (SgrA) 2,600m - Galactic HII Region Survey in Paα - Nearby LIRG and merging galaxies survey

8 MAX38 a mid-ir imager & spectrometer explores 30 micron astronomical windows TAO 5,640m 2,600m - 30 micron imaging from the ground - Decommissioned in 11/2013 Planetary Nebula : NGC6302 Jupiter LBV : η Car Near Earth object 2005YU55 10 Radiance of IO at 8.9um Longitude

9 Observing runs since the first light in 2009 Scientific Observing Programs of minitao Solar System - MIR observations of near earth asteroids* - MIR monitoring of volcanic activity on Io* Stars and Planets - K-band transit of earth-like planets* - Galactic plane survey with the Paα emission line - Observations of massive star forming regions - NIR survey of eclipsing YSO binaries* - Search for WR stars in LMC - Cold dust around planetary nebulae - Water line survey of M type stars - Long term variability of AGB stars - Observations of supernovae in NIR* Galaxies - Hidden star-forming activity of colliding galaxy* - Paα imaging survey of LIRGs - Monitoring of active galactic nuclei - Infrared observations of gravitational lensing quasars 6 refereed papers published Observations with the minitao 6 programs (with asterisk) by the other institutes or universities 10% Chilean time

10 Site condition verified by the minitao seeing FWHM(median) 0.7 arcsec (DIMM) 0.8 arcsec (ANIR; somewhat under sampled?) PWV PWV < 0.38 mm (10 %-ile from site studies) mm (MAX38 & atm. model) < 0.03 mm is estimated in champion data Very low PWV data (2010/10/03) + 47 Tuc taken by a test CCD camera FWHM=0.5 arcsec (optical) Object signal count low PWV (normal condition) 31 um Sky background count

11 The 6.5-m TAO telescope Best Infrared Telescope on the earth Frontiers in astronomy through the new atmospheric windows cosmology; galaxy evolution; exo-planets;. Telescope construction budget funded in January 2013 Primary being polished Telescope Mount, Enclosure : detailed design, being built in part First Light 2018(?) 1 st generation instruments SWIMS (NIR), MIMIZUKU (MIR) Funded by Japanese government in 2009 Almost completed Will be attached on the Subaru telescope for test observations (2016?)

12 Telescope Mount: by Nishimura Co Ltd. (Kyoto) AG/SH: by Kyoto Nijikoubou Two Infrared Instruments at Nasmyth Two Bent-Cassegrain foci Telescope Mount Detailed design being made Nasmyth 2 BentCas 2 F/12 Auto-guider/ Shack Hartmann sensor Detailed design being made

13 Enclosure and Summit Facility Φ24m 18.5m 16m 13m 12.7m 9m 27m 4.8m Enclosure and Summit operation building Detailed design being made by Kokusai Land Development and Nishimura Co. Ltd. Mirror Coating Plant Detailed design being made by Sanko-seikojyo

14 SWIMS (for NIR) Simultaneous-band Wide field Infrared MOS Spectrograph Simultaneous imaging/ Slit mask IFU spectroscopy in 2 bands ( um & um) Wide field of view with good pixel resolution 9.6 Φ, arcsec/pix, with 2 x 4k x 4k pixels Multi-object spectroscopy with cooled multi-slit masks µm simultaneous spectroscopy for ~30 objects (R~1000) IFU module also under development HAWAII-2RG x2 for each

15 Science drivers for SWIMS Features of TAO/SWIMS almost continuous coverage in um Wide field imaging and multi-object spectroscopy TAO-NIR deep & wide survey Deeper with better image quality than VISTA high-z galaxies, distant clusters, QSOs, SNe, Kilonova,minor planets,.. VISTA UKIRT CFHT TAO telescope FoV TAO-NIR1 VLT Keck Subaru HST JWST (PSF different) TMT Little transmittance at TAO site Little transmittance at ~2600m

16 MIMIZUKU (for MIR) Mid-Infrared Multi-field Imager for gazing at the UnKnown Universe Wide wavelength coverage InSb channel : 2-5.6um Si:As channel : 6-26um Si:Sb channel : 25-38um Diffraction limited spatial resolution micron micron micron For accurate monitoring observations simultaneous observations of two discrete fields by the field stacker New technology Internal chopping Mesh filter Moth-eye lens coating Field stacker unit MIR-L NIR MIR-S Optical layout for 3 channels

17 Science drivers for MIMIZUKU Features of TAO/MIMIZUKU High sensitivity, high angular-resolution at 30 um bands Accurate monitoring capability using the field stacker Targets Proto-planetary disk and planet formation Dust formation around stars and planetary nebulae EX Lupi (FU Ori type, T Tauri star) quiescence outburst amorphous silicate Abraham Amorphous + crystallized silicate

18 TAO as a 6.5-m THz telescope? THz window at Cerro Chajnantor (Right) compared with ALMA site (Left) Bustos et al Alminum skin depth design ~100nm test sample

19 base facility at San Pedro de Atacama a new building is being built Land owned by UTokyo ~14000m^2 inside SPdA town Laboratory, bedrooms (5), kitchen,.. to be completed by Sep Inauguration Ceremony Nov.21, 2014

20 with Chile Former President Piñera gave a talk At the Univ. of Tokyo on March 28, 2012 Mayor Berna visited Japan In Augusut 2012 UTokyo forum in Chile wth PUC and UCh. In Nov.2013 ~14 workshops Oct.8, Chile-Japan Academic Forum in UTokyo The first light ceremony of the minitao 1-m telescope on July 7, 2010 with MoF and CONICYT A shared postdoc with Univ. of Catolica A graduate student to become a posdoc in Univ. of Chile MoU among DoA, IoA UT and DoA Concepcion

21 Current Status of Construction Major components now under construction Primary, secondary, and tertiary mirrors Telescope structure, mirror cells, enclosure Fabrication of major parts will completed by the end of FY2014 Secondary mirror Tertiary mirror Primary U-Arizona Primary mirror cell Center Section

22 Summary Chajnantor site: High transmittance in IR and good seeing minitao telescope (1m) Scientific results in NIR and MIR wavelengths Remote operation from SPdA since 2011A Base Facility at SPdA to be built by September 2014 TAO telescope (6.5m) in construction Primary to be completed within one year Two instruments being built and commissioned with Subaru TAO first Light 2018?

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