Constraints on the Interannual Variation of Global and Regional Topof-Atmosphere. Inferred from MISR Measurements. Roger Davies
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1 Constraints on the Interannual Variation of Global and Regional Topof-Atmosphere Radiation Budgets Inferred from MISR Measurements Roger Davies Physics Department University of Auckland
![Background: basic climate theory (1) 1 st fundamental equation of climate: albedo control [ ] 1/4 T](/docs-images/94/121076171/images/2-0.jpg "e = S(1 α)/4σ planetary temperature 255 K TSI 1365 W m -2 planetary albedo 0.")
2 Background: basic climate theory (1) 1 st fundamental equation of climate: albedo control [ ] 1/4 T e = S(1 α)/4σ planetary temperature 255 K TSI 1365 W m -2 planetary albedo /20/06 SORCE talk 2
3 Background: basic climate theory (2) 2 nd fundamental equation of climate: vertical temperature control T s = T e + Γh e surface temperature 288 K lapse rate 6.5 K km -1 effective emission altitude 5.2 km 9/20/06 SORCE talk 3
4 Background: 1 st -Order Cloud effects shortwave: albedo global shortwave cloud radiative forcing 50 W m W m -2 decade decade -1 in global albedo 1 st -order changes due mainly to clouds, but also snow/ice longwave: greenhouse effect (sfc-toa forcing ) 45% of total (adapted from Kiehl and Trenberth, BAMS 1997) but this is instantaneous, not radiative-convective equilibrium longwave: effective height for radiative-convective equilibrium, effective emission height is more important 0.6 W m -2 decade m decade -1 in effective height 9/20/06 SORCE talk 4
5 QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. MISR: observation concept Terra: 10:30 am sun-synchronous 9 view angles at Earth surface: to 70.5 consistent climate data records from 5/2000 present expansive (30km-TOA) spectral albedo anomalies onboard calibration 1% relative radiometric accuracy Effective height (RLRA) anomalies geometrically derived: no calibration drift 9/20/06 SORCE talk 5
6 Global Average Anomalies 10-day deseasonalized samples over 100 independent orbits per sample energy-weighted for albedo equal-area weighted 5/2000-4/2005 analyzed consistently for albedo and effective height recent data since 12/2005 preliminary, but may be interesting 9/20/06 SORCE talk 6
7 0.010 deseasonalized anomalies (green) year 9/20/06 SORCE talk 7
8 MISR expansive spectral albedo deseasonalized anomalies (green) year 9/20/06 SORCE talk 8
9 Spectral Albedo Summary all MISR spectral bands show similar anomalies, and are highly correlated with broadband shortwave anomalies Sun et al, GRL (submitted 06) compares MISR and CERES directly observed interannual global albedo changes <0.001 (0.3%) samping error (for 10:30 am only) at 1σ (10-day, global) (12-month, global) overall difference <0.2% 0.3 W m -2 (equivalent broadband) this is << than radiometric uncertainty of 1%, or ±1 W m -2 9/20/06 SORCE talk 9
10 Earthshine Results versus CERES: 2000 to 2004 MISR calibration MISR observed 9/20/06 SORCE talk 10 Credit: Wielicki, Science Brevia, Oct 2004
11 What about effective height changes?
12 200 RLRA deseasonalized anomalies year 9/20/06 SORCE talk 12
13 Effective height summary absolute value is uncertain, but anomalies are accurate, with no radiometric uncertainty sampling uncertainty, 1σ ±70 m for 10-day averages ±11 m for 12-month averages observed interannual changes ±30 m globally overall difference ±11 m globally +0.5 W m -2 (equivalent greenhouse effect) 9/20/06 SORCE talk 13
14 summary main change observed is in effective height and this is limited mainly by sampling error zonally, main difference is a reduced high cloud fraction in ITCZ averages -70 m/yr at equatorial latitudes, over four years weaker Hadley circulation? total cloud fraction, and albedo, show no observable interannual changes at global scale albedo changes are technically limited by relative radiometric calibration However, preliminary results for 2006 appear to be rather different. 9/20/06 SORCE talk 14
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