MST 562 Stochastic Processes [Proses Stokastik]

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1 UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Frs Semeser Eamnaon 2/22 Academc Sesson January 22 MST 562 Sochasc Processes [Proses Soas] Duraon : hours [Masa : jam] Please chec ha hs eamnaon paper consss of SEVEN pages of prned maeral before you begn he eamnaon [Sla pasan bahawa eras pepersaan n mengandung TUJUH mua sura yang bercea sebelum anda memulaan pepersaan n] Insrucons: [Arahan: Answer all en [] quesons Jawab semua sepuluh [] soalan] In he even of any dscrepances, he Englsh verson shall be used [Seranya erdapa sebarang percanggahan pada soalan pepersaan, vers Bahasa Inggers hendalah dguna paa] 2/-

2 - 2 - [MST 562] A mner s rapped n a mne conanng hree doors The frs door leads o a unnel whch aes hm o safey afer wo-hours ravel The second door leads o a unnel whch reurns hm o he mne afer hree-hours ravel and he hrd door leads o a unnel whch reurns hm o he mne afer four hours ravel Assumng ha he mner s a all mes equally lely o choose any one of he doors ha he has no chosen, wha s he epeced lengh of me unl he mner reaches safey? [5 mars] Seorang peerja lombong erperangap d dalam lombong yang mempunya ga buah pnu Pnu perama menuju e suau erowong yang membawanya e empa selama selepas dua jam perjalanan Pnu edua menuju e suau erowong yang membawanya bal e lombong selepas ga jam perjalanan, dan pnu ega menuju e suau erowong yang membawanya bal e lombong selepas empa jam perjalanan Dengan andaan bahawa pada semua masa, peerja lombong ersebu sama beremungnan memlh pnu yang belum dplh sebelumnya, berapaah masa yang djanga sebelum a ba e empa selama? [5 marah] 2 Le X, X2, X be a Marov chan on he sae space S,2, mar P, wh ranson () Suppose ha he chan s equally lely o be n each of he hree saes a me Fnd P X 2, X2, X () Show ha P has equlbrum dsrbuon T,, () Does X converge o an equlbrum dsrbuon as? Eplan your answer [5 mars] 2 Andaan X, X2, X alah suau rana Marov pada ruang eadaan S,2, dengan mars peralhan P, () Andaan rana ersebu mempunya emungnan yang sama unu berada dalam seap sau darpada ega-ga eadaan pada masa Dapaan P X 2, X2, X () Tunjuan bahawa P mempunya aburan esembangan T,, () Adaah X menumpu e suau aburan esembangan apabla? Jelasan jawapan anda [5 marah] /-

3 - - [MST 562] Le Z, Z, Z2, be a process ha behaves le a branchng process, ecep for one mporan dfference: The dsrbuon of famly sze Y s no consan for all generaons bu depends upon he value of Z Specfcally, f here are Z ndvduals n generaon, hen each of hese Z ndvduals has he followng famly sze dsrbuon: Y wh probably wh probably Z Z If Z, hen Z wh probably Suppose Z, e he process sars wh ndvduals a me Consderng Z, Z, Z 2, as a Marov chan on he sae space S,, 2,, fnd he ranson probably mar [5 mars] Andaan {Z, Z, Z 2, } alah suau proses yang berelauan seper proses bercabang, ecual pada suau perbezaan penng: Taburan saz eluarga da malar bag semua generas, eap berganung epada nla Z Secara spesf, ja erdapa Z ndvdu dalam generas, maa seap darpada ndvdu ersebu mempunya aburan saz eluarga seper yang beru: Z Y dengan ebarangalan dengan ebarangalan Z Z Ja Z, maa Z dengan ebarangalan Andaan Z, au proses ersebu bermula dengan ndvdu pada masa Dengan mempermbangan {Z, Z, Z 2, } sebaga suau rana Marov pada ruang eadaan S,, 2,, dapaan mars ebarangalan peralhannya [5 marah] X 4 Le X, X2, represen he nerarrval mes of evens of a nonhomogeneous Posson process havng nensy funcon () () Are he X s ndependen? Eplan your answer () Are he X s dencally dsrbued? Eplan your answer () Fnd he dsrbuon of X and he dsrbuon of 2 [5 mars] X 4 Andaan X, X 2, mewal masa anara ebaan perswa-perswa suau proses Posson a homogen dengan fungs nens () () Adaah X a bersandar? Terangan jawapan anda () Adaah X erabur secara secaman? Jelasan jawapan anda () Dapaan aburan bag X dan aburan bag 2 [5 marah] 4/-

4 - 4 - [MST 562] 5 Cusomers arrve a a servce facly accordng o a Posson process of rae cusomer per hour Le ) be he number of cusomers ha have arrved up o me Consder fed mes s () Deermne he condonal probably P ) n n () Compue he probably P and ) () Fnd E [ s ) )] (v) Fnd [ ) n] (v) E If S n denoe he me of he n-h arrval, fnd [ S 4 ) ] E [2 mars] 5 Pelanggan ba d suau emudahan perhdmaan menuru suau proses Posson dengan adar pelanggan seap jam Andaan ) alah blangan pelanggan yang elah ba sehngga masa Permbangan masa eap s () Tenuan ebarangalan bersyara P ) n n () Hung ebarangalan P dan ) () Dapaan E[ )] (v) Dapaan [ ) n] (v) E Ja S n mewal masa ebaan yang e-n, dapaan E [ S 4 ) ] [2 marah] 6 Operaons, 2 and are performed n successon on a major pece of equpmen Operaon, where, 2,, aes a random amoun of me T, ha s eponenally dsrbued wh parameers and all operaons mes are ndependen Le X denoe he operaon beng performed a me, wh me marng he sar of he frs operaon If 5, 2 2 and, deermne P n ( ) P X ( ) n [5 mars] 6 Operas, 2, dan djalanan secara beruruan e aas suau peralaan uama Operas, dengan, 2,, memaan masa selama suau empoh rawa T, yang erabur secara esponen dengan parameer dan semua empoh masa operas adalah a bersandar Andaan X mewal operas yang djalanan pada masa, dengan menandaan permulaan operas perama Ja 5, 2 dan, enuan P ( ) P X( ) n 2 n [5 marah] 5/-

5 - 5 - [MST 562] 7 Consder a queueng sysem wh a sngle server Le X denoe he number of cusomers n hs sysem a me Assume ha poenal cusomers arrve accordng o a Posson process a rae and jon he sysem wh probably ( ), where s he number of cusomers already n he sysem I s assumed ha he servce me s eponenally dsrbued wh mean and s ndependen of he arrvals () Le P j ( h) P X( h) j X( ) Wre down P ( h) for small values of h Specfy he brh and deah raes for he process X () Deermne he saonary dsrbuon for X () Wha s he proporon of me ha he sysem s empy n he long run? [2 mars] j 7 Permbangan suau ssem glran dengan pelayan unggal Andaan Xmewal blangan pelanggan yang berada dalam ssem pada masa Andaan baal pelanggan ba menuru suau proses Posson pada adar dan menyera ssem dengan ebarangalan ( ), dengan sebaga blangan pelanggan yang elah berada dalam ssem Masa layan dandaan erabur secara esponen dengan mn dan a bersandar dengan ebaan () Andaan P j ( h) P X( h) j X( ) Tulsan P ( h) bag nla h ecl Nyaaan adar elahran dan adar emaan bag proses X () Tenuan aburan pegun bag X () Dalam janga masa panjang, berapaah adaran masa ssem ersebu osong? [2 mars] j 8 Consder a brh and deah process wh brh raes ( ) for and deah raes for Assume ha X Le m be he epeced me o go from sae o sae () Derve he deny m m, () Deermne he epeced me o go from sae 2 o sae 5 [5 mars] 8 Permbangan suau proses elahran dan emaan dengan adar elahran ( ) bag dan adar emaan bag Andaan bahawa X Andaan m adalah masa yang djanga unu peralhan dar eadaan e eadaan () Terban den m m, () Tenuan masa yang djanga unu unu peralhan dar eadaan 2 e eadaan 5 [5 mars] 6/-

6 - 6 - [MST 562] 9 Mr B wors on a emporary bass The mean lengh of each job he holds s 5 monhs and he amoun of me ha he spends beween jobs s eponenally dsrbued wh mean 2 monhs Le a renewal correspond o he me when he sars a new job () Eplan why hs s a delayed renewal process Wha s he mean me beween renewals? () Wha s he rae ha Mr B ges a new job n a year? () Wha s he lmng probably ha Mr B s worng? [ mars] 9 Enc B beerja secara samblan Mn empoh masa seap peerjaan yang dpegangnya alah 5 bulan dan empoh masa yang dhabsan anara peerjaan beraburan esponen dengan mn 2 bulan Andaan suau pembaharuan bersamaan dengan masa apabla belau memulaan suau peerjaan baru () Jelasan sebab proses n adalah suau proses pembaharuan erunda Apaah mn masa anara pembaharuan? () Apaah adar Enc B mendapa peerjaan baru dalam seahun? () Apaah ebarangalan penghad bahawa Enc B beerja? [ marah] Wre shor noes on he followng: () Marovan propery () ransen and recurren saes () saonary and ndependen ncremen (v) nonhomogeneous Posson process Tuls noa pende mengena yang beru: () sfa Marovan () eadaan fana dan eadaan berulang () penambahan pegun dan a bersandar (v) proses Posson a homogen [ mars] [ marah] 7/-

7 - 7 - [MST 562] APPENDIX/LAMPIRAN If X s dsrbued as Posson wh parameer, hen e P X ;,, 2,! 2 If X dsrbued as geomerc wh parameer p, p, hen P X p p ;, 2, If X dsrbued as Bnomal wh parameer p, p, hen n n P X p q ;,,2,, n 4 If X dsrbued as eponenal wh parameer, hen f e ; 5 If X s dsrbued as gama wh parameer and hen f e ; 6 If X s dsrbued as normal wh parameer and 2 2 /2 f e ; 2 7 Formula of geomerc seres 2 hen ar a r ; r - ooo O ooo -

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