TMD Physics with a Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID) at 12-GeV Jefferson Lab

Transcription

1 TMD Pysics wit a olenoidal Large Intensity Device (olid at 12-GeV Jefferson Lab ( olid Collaboration Meeting, Nov 7-8, 2014 Haiyan Gao Duke University Duram, NC, U..A. 1

2 QCD: still unsolved in non-perturbative region Gauge bosons: gluons ( Nobel prize for ``asymptocc freedom non- perturbacve regime QCD????? One of te top 10 callenges for pysics! QCD: Important for discovering new pysics beyond M Nucleon structure is one of te most accve areas

3 Wat is inside te proton/neutron? 1933: Proton s magnec moment Otto tern "for and for is discovery of te magne7c moment of te proton". g 6= 2 Nobel Prize In Pysics : Deep inelasc e- p sca0ering 1960: Elasc e- p sca0ering Nobel Prize In Pysics 1961 Robert Hofstadter "for and for is tereby acieved discoveries concerning te structure of te nucleons" Form factors! Carge distributions 1974: QCD Asymptoc Freedom Nobel Prize in Pysics 1990 Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Ricard E. Taylor "for teir pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons ". Nobel Prize in Pysics 2004 David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek "for te discovery of asympto7c freedom in te teory of te strong slide from Jianwei Qiu". 3

4 Te Incomplete Nucleon: pin Puzzle 1 2 = 1 2 ΔΣ(µ L q(µ J g (µ Jaffe-Manoar 1990 Cen et al Wakamatsu 2009,2010 [X. Ji, 1997] DI ΔΣ 0.30 RHIC DI Δg not small L q Orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons is importan Understanding of spin-orbit correlations (atomic ydrogen, topological insulator.. How to access OAM? PRL 113, (2014

5 Unified View of Nucleon tructure Wpu(x,kT,rT Wigner distributions d2rt d2kt TMD PDFs f1u(x,kt,.. 1u(x,kT GPDs/IPDs 3D imaging d2kt PDFs f1u(x,.. 1u(x 5D Dist. d2rt 1D dx & Fourier Transformation Form Factors GE(Q2, GM(Q2 5

6 Leading-Twist TMD PDFs Nucleon pin Quark pin Unpolarized (U Quark polariza,on Longitudinally Polarized (L Transversely Polarized (T Nucleon Polarizaon U L T f 1 = f 1T = ivers g 1 = g 1T = Helicity Trans-Helicity 1 = 1 = 1T = Boer-Mulders 1L = Long-Transversity Transversity Pretzelosity 6

7 Leading-Twist TMD PDFs Nucleon pin Quark pin Unpolarized (U Quark polariza,on Longitudinally Polarized (L Transversely Polarized (T Nucleon Polarizaon U L T f 1 = f 1T = ivers g 1 = g 1T = Helicity Trans-Helicity 1 = 1 = 1T = Boer-Mulders 1L = Long-Transversity Transversity Pretzelosity 7

8 Access TMDs troug Hard Processes EIC FNAL BNL JPARC lepton lepton proton lepton proton IDI pion proton Drell-Yan antilepton BEIII electron pion Partonic scattering amplitude Fragmentation amplitude Distribution amplitude positron pion q q 1T 1T (IDI e e to pions 1 1 f (IDI = f = (DY (DY 8

9 Access Parton Distributions troug emi- Inclusive DI...]} cos( 1 [...] 1 [...] sin(3... ( sin( sin( [...] sin(2 [... cos(2... { 2(1 cos( 2 2 sin(3 sin( sin( sin(2 cos(2, = LT e T LL e L UT UL UT T UL L UU T UU F F F F F F F F y xyq dp dzd dxdyd d ε λ ε λ ε ε ε ε ε α σ Unpolarized Polarized Target Polarized Beam and Target L, T : Target Polarization; λ e : Beam Polarization Boer- Mulders ivers Transversity Pretzelosity 9

10 eparation of Collins, ivers and pretzelocity effects troug angular dependence l l 1 N N AUT ( ϕ, ϕ = P N N Collins ivers = A sin( A sin( UT Pretzelosity A sin(3 UT UT Collins A sin( H A A UT ivers UT sin( UT 1 1 1T Pretzelosity UT UT 1T 1 UT sin(3 H f D 1 Collins frag. Func. from e e - collisions IDI As depend on 4-D variables (x, Q 2, z and P T Large angular coverage and precision measurement of asymmetries in 4-D pase space is essential. 10

11 E06-010: neutron A (U/LT (π K, π - K - HR L 16 o π γ * Polarized 3 He Target BigBite 30 o e First neutron data in IDI A&DA imilar Q 2 as HERME experiment Disentangle Collins/ivers effects Electron beam: E = 5.9 GeV Hig luminosity L ~ cm - 2 s cm transversely polarized 3 He target Average beam current 12 ua (max: 15 ua as in proposal e BigBite at 30 o as electron arm: P e = 0.6 ~ 2.5 GeV/c HRL at 16 o as adron arm: P = 2.35 GeV/c 11

12 izable Collins π asymmetries at x=0.34? ign of violaon of offer s inequality? Data are limited by stat. Needs more precise data! Results on Neutron Negave ivers π Asymmetry Consistent wit HERME/COMPA Independent demonstration of negative d quark ivers function. Model (fitting uncertainties sown in blue band. Experimental systematic uncertainties: red band X. Qian et al, Pys. Rev. Lett. 107, (

13 Double pin Asymmetry: g 1T cos(ϕ A ϕ s LT g q 1T Leading twist TMD PDFs T- even, Ciral- even Dominated by real part of interference between L=0 ( and L=1 (P states Imaginary part - > ivers effect First TMDs in Pioneer Lamce calculaon arxiv: [ep- lat], Europys.Le0.88:61001,2009 arxiv: [ep- lat], Pys.Rev.D83:094507,2011 e D 1q n e π X Worm Gear g 1T = g 1T (1 -P int. TOT P-D int. Ligt-Cone CQM by B. Pasquini B.P., Cazzaniga, Boffi, PRD78,

14 New Observable Reveals Interesting Beaviors of Quarks cos(ϕ A ϕ s LT g q 1T D 1q Huang, et. al. PRL. 108, (2012 Target: polarized 3 He => polarized neutron First measurement of A LT beam- target double- spin asymmetry Indications: A non-vanising quark transversal elicity distribution, reveals alignment of quark spin transverse to neutron spin direction Quark orbital motions J. Huang et al., PRL108, (

15 olid-pin: IDI on 3 11 GeV E : ingle pin Asymmetry on Transverse 3 90 days, ra,ng A E : ingle and Double pin Asymmetry on 3 35 days, ra,ng A E : ingle and Double pin Asymmetries on Transverse days, ra,ng A International collaboration wit 200 Collaborators from 11 countries Key of olid-pin program: Large Acceptance Hig Luminosity! 4-D mapping of asymmetries! Tensor carge, TMDs! Lattice QCD, QCD Dynamics, Models. 15

16 Experiment E Nucleon Transversity at 11 GeV Using a Polarized 3 He Target and olid in Hall A ( PKU., Caltate-LA, CIAE, W&M, Duke, FIU, Hampton, Huangsan U., Cagliari U. and INFN, Huazong Univ. of ci. and Tec., INFN-Bari and U. of Bari, INFN-Frascati, INFN-Pavia,Torino U. and INFN, JLab, JI (lovenia, Lanzou U, LBNL, Longwood U, LANL, MIT, Miss. tate, New Mexico, ODU, Penn tate at Berks, Rutgers, eoul Nat. U., t. Mary s, andong U., yracuse, Tel aviv, Temple, Tsingua U, UConn, Glasgow, UIUC, Kentucky, Maryland, UMass, New Hampsire, UTC, UVa and te Hall A Collaboration trong teory support, Over 200 collaborators, 50 institutions, 11 countries, strong overlap wit PVDI Collaboration

17 3-D neutron π /π - Collins/ivers Asymmetries at Q 2 =2.0 GeV 2 Collins/ivers asymmetries vs. x and transverse momentum P T at different z at fixed Q 2. Multi-dimensional nature. Targets: 3 He (neutron, and H/D (factorization Detect: positive pion and negative pions! Torino

18 Projected Data (E Total 1400 bins in x, Q 2, P T and z for 11/8.8 GeV beam. z ranges from 0.3 ~ 0.7, only one z and Q 2 bin of 11/8.8 GeV is sown ere. π projections are sown, similar to te π -. E pokespersons: Cen, Gao (contact, Jiang, Qian and Peng 18 X. Qian et al in PRL 107,

19 Power of OLID (example 19

20 olid E Projection for A LT (Partial E and E : Neutron A LT Projecon of one out of 48 Q 2 - z bins for π - 20 E spokespersons: J.P. Cen, J. Huang, Yi Qiang, W.B. Yan (UTC E06010 Results, J. Huang et al., PRL108, (2012

21 olid E Projection/A UL (Partial Projecon of a single Q 2 - z bin for π (one out of 48 Q 2 -z bins 21

22 olid E Projection/A UL (Partial Projecon of a single Q 2 - z- PT bin for π (no exisng measurement And compared to model predicons for olid kinemacs 22

23 Experiment E : Target ingle pin Asymmetry in IDI (e, eπ ± Reac,on on a Transversely Polarized Proton Target and olid " Measure A in IDI using transversely polarized proton target " Use similar detector setup as tat of two approved 3 He olid expts. " Use JLab/UVa polarized NH 3 target wit upgraded design of te magnet " Target spin- flip every two ours wit average in- beam polarizaon of 70% " Two Beam energies: 11 GeV and 8.8 GeV NH3 target " Polarized luminosity wit 100nA current: cm - 2 s - 1 " Beamline cicane to transport beam troug 5T target magnec field (already used for g2p expt. pokespersons: K. Allada (Jlab, J. P. Cen (Jlab, Haiyan Gao (Contact, Xiaomei Li (CIAE, Z-E. Meziani (Temple 23

24 Proton 4-D Projection 24

25 (x d (1 x f 1T Projected measurements in 1-D (x Expected improvement of ivers function (A. Prokudin valence quark region as not been accessed at all so far x Assumption: We know te k T dependence, Q 2 evolution of TMDs. Also knowledge on TMFF! project onto 1-D in x to illustrate te power of olid He. x

26 Transversity Lowest moment gives tensor carge 1T = δq a = Fundamental property, bencmark test of Lattice QCD 1 0 ( a a 1T (x 1T (xdx Test bound violations Anselmino et al., arxiv:

27 Transversity and Tensor Carge # Collins Asymmetries ~ Transversity (x Collin Funcon # Transversity: ciral- odd, not couple to gluons, valence beavior, largely unknown # Tensor carge (0t moment of transversity: fundamental property Lace QCD, Bound- tate QCD (Dyson- cwinger, Ligt- cone Quark Models, # Global model fits to experiments (IDI and ee- # olid wit trans polarized n & p! determinaon of tensor carges for d & u Tensor Carges Collins Asymmetries P T vs. x for one (Q 2, z bin Total > 1400 data points Projections wit a model Tere are un-measured regions QCD evolutions being worked

28 TMDs: 3-d tructure, Quark Orbital Motion # TMDs : Correlaons of transverse moon wit quark spin and orbital moon # Witout OAM, off- diagonal TMDs=0, no direct model- independent relaon to te OAM in spin sum rule yet # ivers Funcon: QCD lensing effects # In a large class of models, suc as ligt- cone quark models Pretzelosity: ΔL=2 (L=0 and L=2 interference, L=1 and - 1 interference Worm- Gear: ΔL=1 (L=0 and L=1 interference # olid wit trans polarized n/p! quan,ta,ve knowledge of OAM Pretzelosity

29 ummary Frontiers in nucleon structure go beyond collinear, 1-D picture TMDs Tree-dimensional description of nucleon in momentum space Quantitative information about orbital motion (orbital angular momentum Transverse motion: spin-orbit correlations, multi-parton correlations, dynamics of confinement and QCD 10% quark tensor carge from bot A data from olid provides excellent test of LQCD predic,ons JLab 12-GeV upgrade will provide excellent opportunities to map out te 3-dimensional structure of te nucleon troug TMDs and GPDs upported in part by U.. Department of Energy under contract number DE-FG02-03ER