The Study of How Open Community Based on Combination Weighting Method Influence on Road Capacity

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1 Moder Applied Sciece; Vol., No. 6; 207 ISSN E-ISSN Published by Caadia Ceter of Sciece ad Educatio The Study of How Ope Couity Based o Cobiatio Weightig Method Ifluece o Road Capacity Zhuhui He, Rui Liao 2 & Loglog Wag Electrical ad Iforatio College, Jia Uiversity, Chia 2 Fiace Departet of Iteratioal Busiess School, Jia Uiversity, Chia Correspodece: Zhuhui He, Jia Uiversity, No. 206, Qiasha Road, Xiagzhou District, Zhuhai, Chia. Tel: E-ail: @qq.co Received: March 5, 207 Accepted: March 30, 207 Olie Published: April 7, 207 doi:0.5539/as.v6p5 URL: Abstract The paper studies whether the opeig of couity ca iprove the road capacity. First of all, based o the cosideratio of road space ad traffic quality, the evaluatio idexes are: road etwork desity, road etwork coectivity, o-liear coefficiet, traffic volue of ai road beside couity, delay tie of itersectio, travel tie cosuptio ad vehicle accessibility. Secodly, the weight of the idex is calculated by the ethod of relative copariso, the variatio coefficiet ethod ad the etropy weight ethod. The, we sort the three weights, usig the correlated coefficiet ad degree of speara rak to cobie the three weights, so as to get cobied weights of various idex ad achieve the effect which akes good use of the ethod. Fially, we cobie idicators ad weights, establish a coprehesive evaluatio odel, ad assess the road capacity before ad after the opeig of the road. Through the calculatio, it is foud that the coprehesive evaluatio idex after the opeig of the couity is higher tha that before the opeig, that is, the positive ipact o the surroudig roads. Keywords: cobiatio weightig ethod, ope couity, road space, traffic quality. Itroductio Most of the livig couity of oder cities are aily closed-type areas. The so-called closed-type couity refers to the use of fully eclosed aageet ode, so that the use of plaig eleets such as greeig, roads ad public facilities are idepedet fro the urba structure, which is a self-cotaied syste, to eet the eeds of the couities. This article focuses o the closeess of the road syste to the outside world, but with the ecooic developig ad the spirit of the residets iprovig, the shortcoigs of closed-ed couity gradually eerge. As the road syste of the closed-type couity is closed-plaig, the city's origial structure of road etwork has bee destroyed, which akes people queue for ore tie, likely to cause traffic a, ad is ot beefit to urba traffic developet, as well as icrease the difficulty of residets travel. Chia's State Coucil issued a regulatio o the prootio of street regulatios, abolishig closed residetial couity, ope residetial couities ad uit courtyards, which triggered widespread cocer ad discussio. The focus to the discussio is o the possible passage proble of roads i ope areas, such as whether the ope couity ca optiize the road etwork structure, iprove road capacity ad iprove traffic coditios. It is iportat to study whether the road capacity ca be iproved before ad after the opeig of the closed couity for urba road plaig. Zha Bi, Cai Ruidog ad Hu Yuacheg(206), research respectively fro the opeess degree of ope couity, couity locatio, ad size, establish coectio odel betwee ope couity ad urba road etwork for differet couities to develop appropriate ope strategy. Ma Xiaofeg (203), Shag Yuhag (205) aalyze the opeess proble fro the aspect of opeess possibility ad couity desig after opeess. Ya Zi-a, Dog Ju-ya (207) usig the aalytic hierarchy process to evaluate the road traffic capacity before ad after the opeig of the district, it is cocluded that the opeig of the district ca alleviate the traffic pressure of the surroudig vehicles. Yu Xiaoyu(207)itroduces the diesioless road etwork paraeters ad road etwork resistace, the gets the relatioship betwee the road etwork resistace ad the iheret attributes ad traffic flow of the road etwork, as well as how differet types of couity opeig ifluece o road traffic. Zhag Peghao, Xu Yahai(206) usig NS cellular 5

2 as.ccseet.org Moder Applied Sciece Vol., No. 6; 207 autoata to siulate the vehicles through the district, ake a coclusio fro the icroscopic poit of view that ope couity ca alleviate the surroudig road pressure. This paper refers to the "Specificatios of Urba Road Traffic Plaig ad Desig ", respectively, takig the road space ad traffic quality ito cosider, ad selects the road space idicators reflect the road etwork desity, road etwork coectivity ad o-liear coefficiet. Also the traffic quality idicators such as truk traffic flow, delay tie of itersectio, travel tie cosuptio ad accessibility. Ad the use the cobiatio weightig ethod based o speara rak correlatio coefficiet ad correlatio degree to realize three ethods be copleeted each other, that is, relative copariso ethod, etropy weight ethod ad coefficiet of variatio ethod. Accordig to the cobied weight ad the respective idex, the coprehesive evaluatio odel is established, ad we ca obtai the chage of coprehesive score of the surroudig road traffic capacity before ad after the opeig of the couity. 2. Evaluatio Model of Road Capacity Based o Cobiatio Weightig Method 2. The Establishet of Idex Evaluatio Syste 2.. The Selectio of Idex I order to establish a reasoable coprehesive evaluatio idex syste, it is ecessary to select the idicators which ca reflect the ipact of the ope area o the surroudig roads accordig to the fuctios of the traffic brach etwork ad the "Specificatio of Urba Road Traffic Plaig ad Desig". I order to be able to sythesize the advatages of various weights ethod, we choose the cobiatio weightig ethod based o the correlatio coefficiet, establish a coprehesive evaluatio idex syste, ad deal with the idex value by the appropriate data oralizatio algorith, ad the get the road coprehesive score. Accordig to the road etwork specificatios, select the spatial idicators 3: road etwork desity, road etwork coectivity, o-liear coefficiet, besides, traffic quality idicators 4: the ai road traffic aroud the couity, delay tie of itersectio, travel tie assuptios ad accessibility Quatificatio of Idicators () Road Network Desity Opeess icrease the uber of urba roads. I order to quatitatively easure the chages i this idicator, we itroduce road etwork desity δ (k/k 2 ), which is, road legth ad built area ratio i the copletio of the district, which road width is 3.5 eters, ot iclude sidewalks. L i δ A () Aog the, L i represets road legth (k) i respective levels of city road etwork. (2) Road Network Coectivity Road etwork coectivity J is the idicator related total uber of odes ad the total uber of road etwork related, which is fro the acro reflect the aturity of the etwork. The forula: J N i i 2 Aog the, N is the uber of road etwork odes, i is the side uber of lth ode, M is the total side uber of road etwork. The higher the J value, the less breakage roads, the better ito the rig or ito the etwork, otherwise the worse. (3)No-Liear Coefficiet The o-liear coefficiet is the ratio of the actual road legth betwee two odes i the etwork ad the straight lie distace betwee two poits. It is used to udge whether the layout of the road etwork is reasoable ad the degree of liearity is oe of the iportat idexes to evaluate whether the for of road etwork is reasoable. I geeral, the degree of liearity is easured by a o-liear coefficiet ( K ): K L / L 6 ' M N (2) (3)

3 as.ccseet.org Moder Applied Sciece Vol., No. 6; 207 Aog the, L is the actual distace betwee two poits, L ' is the straight lie distace. I those cities uliited i geographical coditios, o-liear coefficiet should be cotrolled uder.3. (4) The Mai Road Traffic Aroud the Couity Traffic flow, settig the vehicles through a specific sectio by uit tie as a stadard, shows the uber of vehicles through the road i a certai period of tie. Traffic flow i the ai road aroud the district before ad after the opeig of the couity is differet, that is why it ca idicate road capacity. Traffic flow uit tie * speed / (car distace + body legth) t* v Q (4) a+ b Aog the, Q is the traffic flow i the ai road, t is the uit tie, v is average speed,a is the average value of car distace, b is car body legth. (5) Itersectio Load After the opeig of the district, it will icrease the itersectio i the road, the service level ad evaluatio of the itersectio deped o the calculatio of the itersectio load: tg 0.5 T ( ) td T tg (5) [i(, x) ] T Aog the, t d is the itersectio load, T is the cycle legth of traffic light, tg is the valid gree sigal tie, the group of traffic lae V / X or saturatio, x is the ratio of the axiu service traffic to the basic capacity uder the ideal coditios. (6) Travel Tie Assuptio Couity residets have a certai tolerace liit for daily travel tie, as to respose to the uber of residets ad patiece idex at the sae tie, we defiite the idicators of travel tie cosuptio as T, calculated as follows: T 0.382p p a a (6) Aog the, T is the axiu travel tie cosuptio (90% travel tie cosuptio) (i) that the residets of the couity ca accept, p p represets the couity populatio, A a is the couity area (k 2 ). (7) Accessibility The accessibility of the road etwork refers to the travel distace, the travel tie or the cost of ay destiatio started fro ay place i the plaig area. It is a iportat criterio for udgig the perforace of the traffic syste. It ca be calculated fro the distace ad tie, to reflect coveiece of residets travelig, ad chages i the capacity of the road syste before ad after the chage. This idicator is idicated by the travel distace. D 2 ( ) i i+ Aog the, D is accessibility, d is iiu average travel distace of ode i i etwork, is the d (7) 7

4 as.ccseet.org Moder Applied Sciece Vol., No. 6; 207 uber of odes i the district. The higher the D, the worse the accessibility, otherwise the better of that. (8) Stadardizatio of Data I the ulti- idex coprehesive evaluatio odel, due to the easureet uit, the itrisic attribute, the level of agitude of each idex are i differece, it ca t be directly itegrated ad copared. Therefore, i order to uifyig stadard, we ust ix all the evaluatio idexes to eliiate the ifluece of the diesio, the trasfor the ito the stadard idex value with o diesio, o level of agitude differece ad cosistet directio, after that we sythesize these idexes. The idex is divided ito three types, which is, positive idicators, reverse idicators, balace idicators, which are to be stadardized. If a idicator is required for the higher the better, such as coectivity of road etwork J, the f ii f u (8) axi f ii f If a idicator is required for the lower the better, such as o-liear coefficiet K, the itersectio of delay tie d, travel tie assuptiot ad accessibility D,the axi f f u (9) axi f ii f If a idicator is required for the best i stability, such as road etwork desity δ ad traffic flow i ai roads Q, the u f (0) f Aog the, u is the stadardized value, f is the origial value. 2.2 The Process of Calculatig Cobiatio Weights () Use AHP to deterie the subective weight of the idicator The ethod of AHP is applicable to decisio-akig probles that are ore coplex i costructio ad criterio ad difficult to quatify. After costructig the idex syste, it is ecessary to copare every two factors at the sae level, ad ivite experts i relevat fields to score idepedetly ad repeatedly o the iportace of each idex i the criterio layer, the the udget atrix ca be costructed. Aog the, e >0;e / e i (i );e ii (i,, 2,, ), e is the iportace degree of idicator i to idicator. The weight calculatio of AHP is based o the udget atrix to calculate the iportace weights of the eleets of oe layer relative to its upper layer. It ca be attributed to the proble that calculate the axiu eigevalues ad eigevectors of the udget atrix. The forula is as follows: W e ; i,,2,3,..., i () w ( a) i W i W (2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) w [ w Therefore,, w2,..., w ] a a a a T is the feature vectors that we calculate, that is, weight vector. Fially, a cosistecy test is required to calculate the value of the rado cosistecy ratio CRCI/RI. Whe CR <0.0, it is cosidered that the udget atrix A-B has satisfactory cosistecy. Otherwise, it is ecessary to adust the udget atrix so as to ake it satisfactory. (2) Etropy Method Etropy ethod is a obective ethod of weightig, accordig to the variatio degree of the idicators, usig 8

5 as.ccseet.org Moder Applied Sciece Vol., No. 6; 207 the iforatio etropy to calculate the etropy weight of each idex, the we ca obtai ore obective idex weights. The iforatio etropy forula of the th idex is: (l) l (,2,...,) i E p p (3) Aog the, is the uber of obects that be evaluated, is the uber of evaluatio uber, ad p The saller the etropy of a idex, the greater the degree of variatio of the idex value, the ore iforatio provided, the greater the effect of the idex i the coprehesive evaluatio, the greater the weight. So we ca calculate weight of the th idex w by the iforatio etropy, the forula is: u i u w E E (4) (3) The Method of Variatio Coefficiet The basic idea of the variatio coefficiet ethod is that i the ulti-idex coprehesive evaluatio, if a idicator is larger i the variatio degree of observatios o all the evaluated obects, it is ore difficult to reach the average level, ad it ca distiguish clearly the ability of each evaluated obect, so the idicator should give a greater weight; otherwise, it should be give a saller weight. As respective idex i the evaluatio idex syste has differet diesios, it is ot appropriate to copare the degree of differece directly. I order to eliiate the effects caused by differet diesios of the evaluatio idexes, we eed to use the variatio coefficiet of each idex to easure the differece i the value of each idex. The steps to deterie the weights of the idicators by usig the coefficiet of variatio are as follows: Step : Accordig to the idex data of each factor, calculate the average ad stadard deviatio of each idicator. Step 2: Accordig to the average ad stadard deviatio of the idicators, the forulas of variatio coefficiet i each idex is as follows: σ V (, 2,, ) u Aog the: V is the Coefficiet of variatio of the th idex; u is the average of the th idex. σ (5) is the stadard deviatio of the th idex; Step 3: Accordig to the variatio coefficiet of each idicator, the weights forula of the idicators are as follows: w V V (6) Therei, w is the weight of the th idex. (4) Deteriatio of the Cobiatio Weightig Method Firstly, usig the size of correlatio coefficiet of the speara rak i the rak correlatio theory, we pick out the referece colu i the calculatio of gray correlatio degree, the the ethod of deteriig the weight is sorted accordig to the size of the correlatio degree ad oralized by the correlatio degree. We obtai the 9

6 as.ccseet.org Moder Applied Sciece Vol., No. 6; 207 weights of various ethods i the cobiatio weightig ethod, use the weights to weight the idex weights obtaied i every weightig ethods, ad fially get the weight of the cobiatio weightig ethod. The ipleetatio steps are as follows: Step : Accordig to each evaluatio idex, the weights of the AHP ethod, the etropy weight ethod ad the variatio coefficiet ethod ca be calculated. Step 2: Sort the weights obtaied by the various weightig ethods respectively, ad get the rak values. Step 3: What we aily cocer is whether the stadard of each weightig ethod is cosistet whe weights the sae idex, for this purpose, we calculate the Speara rak correlatio coefficiet. The forula of correlatio coefficiet of Speara rak is as follows: s ik ik / ( ) r d (7) 2 2 d ik (y y k ) (, 2 ; i k, 2, ) (8) rs ik is the Speara rak correlatio coefficiet of the ith ethod ad the kth ethod; y k is the sortig value of the th idex i the kth weightig ethod, ad is the uber of ethods that deterie the weights; is the uber of the idexes. The size of r s ik reflects the ethod i ad ethod k whether they are high or low level i cosistecy criteria whe weightig, the saller of rs ik the worse, the bigger of rs ik the better. Fro the Speara rak correlatio coefficiet, it ca be see that the weightig criteria of these ethods are soeties close ad soeties differet. This shows that there are ay relatioships i differet degree aog the coclusios of each ethod. I order to optiize ad sort these ethods, we fid the axiu oe rax ax{ rs ik} i Speara rak correlatio coefficiets, ad obtai its correspodig ethod. Step 4: Take the largest weight i Speara correlatio coefficiet as referece colu, ad calculate the gray correlatio degree of the other ethods i regard to it R (R l,r l 2,...,R l) (aog the, R ll ),the we sort the weightig ethods by the size of correlatio degree, fially we will oralize R to obtai the weight vectorw (W, W 2,..., W ) of the cobiatio weightig ethod. Aog the, W R / R (i,2,...,) i li li i Step 5: Accordig to the weight vectorw of cobiatio weightig ethod ad the weight atrix of various weightig ethods, we ca get the cobiatio weights, the forula is: w w w w w w WA (W, W 2,.., W ) w w w ( Ww, Ww, Ww,) i 2 i2 i i i i w is the weight of the th idicator of the th weightig ethod. 2.3 The establishet of a coprehesive evaluatio idex syste Based o the obtaied weightig values ad the stadardized idex data, the coprehesive score of the traffic capacity surrouded the couity is obtaied by the followig forula (Ha, 2009): (9) 20

7 as.ccseet.org Moder Applied Sciece Vol., No. 6; 207 F WA u, i,2,..., i Aog the, F i is the coprehesive score of the ith ite; u is the stadardized value of the th idex of the ith ite. 3. The Aalysis of Result i the Model 3. Obectio Selectio (20) WA is the cobiatio weight of the th idex; Accordig to the actual situatio, the paper selects a couity A i Chagsha. Latitude ad logitude of couity A is ( 28.2 N, 2.9 E). Chia as the obect of the odel, ad evaluates the traffic capacity before ad after the opeig of the couity A, the obtais the ifluece degree of the ope area o the road traffic capacity. The satellite ap of couity A is show i Figure. Figure. Chagsha City, a Couity A 3.2 Quatitative Results of Idicators Through the easureet, statistics ad calculatio, we get the area of couity A, the legth of the road ad other coditio before closed ad after the ope, takig the ito the idex quatificatio forula ad obtai idex quatitative value, the idex values with the stadardized processig are show i Table. Table. Idicator Values of Couity A δ J K Q t d T D ope closed Weightig Results Takig EXCEL ad MATLAB as the tool of calculatio, accordig to the stadardized idicators idex, the cobiatio weightig ethod is used to get the cobied weight of the idex which affects the traffic capacity of the couity A. The results are show i Table 2 ad Table 3. Table 2. Idex Weights Obtaied by Various Weightig Methods of the ope couity A δ J K Q t d T D a b c d

8 as.ccseet.org Moder Applied Sciece Vol., No. 6; 207 Table 3. Idex Weights Obtaied by Various Weightig Methods of the closed couity A δ J K Q t d T D a b c d Aog the, a - relative copariso ethod, b - variatio coefficiet ethod, c - etropy ethod, d - cobiatio weightig ethod 3.4 Coprehesive Evaluatio Results We evaluate ad calculate the idex value ad the weight value of couity A, ad coe to a fial result as is show i Table 4. It ca be see fro Table 4 that the coprehesive evaluatio idex of couity A after the opeig is larger tha that before the opeig, which ca be cosidered that the ope couity is able to ehace traffic capacity i surroudig roads, as well as ease road traffic pressure. Table 4. Coprehesive evaluatio idex of couity A couity A Coprehesive closed ope evaluatio idex Coclusio The view of this paper is aily fro "Specificatios of Urba Road Traffic Plaig ad Desig", which selects the idicators reflectig road space. For exaple, the road etwork desity, road etwork coectivity ad o-liear coefficiet, ad there are the ai road traffic flow, delay tie of itersectio, travel tie cosuptio ad accessibility that reflect traffic quality. By cobiig the speara rak correlatio coefficiet ad correlatio degree with the advatages of weightig ethod, etropy weightig ethod ad variatio coefficiet ethod, we ake the idex weights ore reasoable. Coectig stadardized idex value, we ca get the coprehesive score of road traffic capacity surrouded the couity before ad after the opeig, ad ake a coclusio that the ope couity ca sooth the city capillary, akig the city road etwork exted i all directios, thereby icreasig the use of the road, icreasig the desity of the road etwork, easig the traffic pressure o the surroudig roads. To soe extet, it alleviates the urba traffic cogestio, akig the road resources be utilized fully, to achieve the ai of resource sharig. Based o the above aalysis, it is practical, viable ad ecessary for us to ope the closed area ad build a ope couity, which will becoe the ai developet tred of urba costructio. Refereces Cheg, D. Y. (2008). Perforace Evaluatio of Property Isurace Copaies Based o Variace Coefficiet Approach. Reforatio & Strategy, 2, Ha, Z. G. (2009). Methods ad Applicatios of Matheatical Modelig. Beig, Chia: Higher Educatio Press. Li, G., & Wu, X. Z. (20). Based o the coclusio of evaluatio data stadardizatio research. Matheatics i Practice ad Theory, 3, Lu, J., & Wag, W. (2004). Plaig idices syste of urba road etwork. Joural of traffic ad Trasportatio Egieerig, 4(4), Ma, X. F. (203). Epirical Study o the Opeig Residetial Areas of Chia. Upublished Master's dissertatio, Huazhog Uiversity of Sciece ad Techology, Hubei, Chia. Shag, Y. H. (205). Research o the Opeig Structural Patter of the Urba Residetial. Upublished Master's dissertatio, Dalia Uiversity of Techology, Dalia, Chia. Wag, X. H., & Xig, G. R. (996).The optiizatio of coprehesive evaluatio of the weightig to deterie. Chiese Joural of Health Statistics, 6, Ya, Z. Y., & Dog, J. Y. (207). Residetial Couity is ope to the Residetial Couity ad the surroudig traffic capacity of ipact aalysis. Highways & Autootive Applicatios,,

9 as.ccseet.org Moder Applied Sciece Vol., No. 6; 207 Yu, X. Y. (207). Based o the diesioless theory to study differet types of residetial area ope to traffic. Sciece ad Techology, 4, Zha, B., Cai, R. D., Hu, Y. C., & Cao, M. X. (206). Residetial Couity Ope-up Strategy Based o Fragility of Urba Road Network. Logistics Techology, 35(7), Zhag, L. X., Ha, Z. Z., & Wu, W. Y. (206). A Coparative Study of Real Estate Appraisal Market Based o AHP ad Fuzzy Coprehesive Evaluatio Model. Value Egieerig, 9, Zhag, P. H., & Xu, Y. H. (206). Based o the NS Cellular Autoata Traffic Aalysis of the Nearby Couity Ope Road. Joural of Shadog Istitute of Coerce ad Techology, 6, Zhag. S., Zhag, M., & Chi, G. T. (200). The Sciece ad Techology Evaluatio Model Based o Etropy Weight ad Epirical Research Durig the 0th Five-Year of Chia. Chiese Joural of Maageet,, Copyrights Copyright for this article is retaied by the author(s), with first publicatio rights grated to the oural. This is a ope-access article distributed uder the ters ad coditios of the Creative Coos Attributio licese ( 23