Hypothesis of Conservation of Particle Number

Transcription

1 Opn Journal of Microphysics, 211, 1, 1-12 doi:1.4236/ojm Publishd Onlin May 211 ( Hypothsis of Consrvation of Particl Numbr Abstract Kozo Aoki Gr_Maison_Hosoyama 11, Hosoyama, Asao-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan Rcivd April 13, 211; rvisd May 17, 211; accptd May 24, 211 As for svral nuclar ractions, th lctrowak intraction is simply xplaind by a law of consrvation of particl numbr. W find that th positron lctron consist of th thr fundamntal particls, {, ud, } { ud }, rspctivly. Furthrmor, th mmbrs of th scond third gnrations quark composits consist of th first gnration quark th nutrino of fundamntal particls. Th particl its antiparticl pair(or nutrino its antinutrino pair) hav to b an nrgy quantum (or a photon). Th minimum Higgs boson (calld God particl ) might b a nutral pion. Th fundamntal particls ar simply up down quark, nutrino, muon-nutrino, thos anti-particls. Kywords: Mmbrs Of Elctron And Positron; Mmbr Of Muon, Mmbrs Of Higgs Boson, Mmbrs Of Scond And Third Gnrations Quark W / W / Z / B And 1. Introduction Th common knowldg has bn changd from th cosmological doctrin of th ancint grk Thals s famous blif, Watr constitutd th principl of all things. Now w hav many brain wavs again. W put th nw concptual modl for svral nuclar ractions in fundamntal mathmatics (st idntity) particl physics [1-4]. It is bliving that th wak intraction is a CP violation. Howvr it is basd on parity consrvation du to a consrvation of particl numbr in this study. Th nutron dcay, n p v hv, is wll-known nuclar raction. With a wak boson for parity consrvation, w nd to innovat th nutron dcay ( dcay), th nutron-nutron chain raction, th proton-proton chain raction ( dcay), th tritium dcay, th kaon dcay, th dcay by [5], by a law of consrvation of particl numbr with th up down quarks, th nutrinos, th muon-nutrinos, thir anti-particls. Th mmbrs of lctron, positron, othr composits ar shown. It was drawn up th dclaration of indpndnc of th first gnration s up down quark. 2. A Paradox Why an anti-mattr is vry low than a mattr? To work out it, w hav a paradox. Th arly univrs was bgan from th sa of photons, th arly univrs had qual parts of th lmntary particl its anti-particl. Th broad or cosmological photon ( ) mans an lctromagntic wav including gamma-ray. W assum that vn now th anti-particl is qual amount of particl basd on th ida which a photon consists of particlantiparticl pair. Whr is an anti-particl? It lads to a consvation of particl numbr. This is th rvrsal ida. 3. Dscription of Nuclar Ractions 3.1. Dscription of Nutron Dcay Th nutron dcay is shown by th following n p h {, udd, } {, uud, } h Th h indicats a photon ( ). Hr w insrt th variabl composit X into th lft sid to adjust th numbrs of lmntary particls on both sids. Th initial mystrious composit X{} is an mpty st. n X P h {, udd, } X{} {(, udd, ),(, ud)} h Th formulas ar basd on th law of consrvation spin of th quantum, th law of consrvation charg, a law of consrvation of particl numbr; th quantity Copyright 211 SciRs.

2 2 adjustmnt of particl anti-particl at th initial final stats. W assum th nwly dfind composit of proton ( uud ) dd, uddud ( udd ) ud instad of th traditional proton { p }, {, uud, }. Th dd, pair is an nrgy quantum on th analogy of a photon. Th dd, rst mass is assumd zro, th spin is (1 2) (1 2) 1, sinc a photon mass is zro. Thrfor it is considrd as a broad (or an xtndd) photon. It is fasibl assumption sinc th photon is a pair of nutrino its anti-nutrino. If th dd, is in P, th chargd pion ud, can xist in P. Th u d ar addd into th composit X du to adjust th quark of numbr of both sids., udd X ud udd ud h But a numbr of nutrino is not ajust. Whn w think th lctrons is not th fundamntal particl, th numbr of nutrino can b ajust. Th is addd into th composit X du to adjust th numbr of both sids.,, udd X ud udd ud h Th u, d, ar addd into th composit X for th nutrality complmntarity. udd Xuudd, udd, ud, h If a kind of photon is h, th, ar addd including a kind of photon shown by udd, ud,. udd Xuudd, udd, ud,, into th composit X. In this papr, th ractions ar Th composit X consists of uudd,. It is a Z boson ( Z ). Th indicats a photon. Th indicats th, pair. Th indicats th, pair. Th indicats th, pair. Th ud ud componnts ar, rspctivly. A sris of th nutron dcay is as follows. Sinc th liftim of Z is vry short, thr ar π in th initial stat. n π nz udd uudd udd, ud ud, udd, ud, ud udd, ud, ud, udd, ud, ud P Th composit ud, indicats th W boson. Th ud is qual to Th composit ud } indicats th lctron. W can rcogniz that th spin of lctron is simply xplaind by th lctron of thr mmbrs of fundamntal particls Dscription of Nutron-Nutron Chain Raction Th following is th initial xprssion for th nutron- nutron chain raction. n nd h Th dutrium, D uud udd,,, dd,, }. Th P was udd udd uud udd h, is xtndd to uud ud u. Th nuclar raction is rwrittn with π, photons, Z. nn nnz udd udd uudd udd, udd, uudd udd, ud, udd ud, udd, ud, udd ud udd, ud, udd ud, D 3.3. Dscription of Proton-Proton Chain Raction Th two proton-proton chain ractions ar shown. p pd h uud uud uud udd h p pd D( ) Copyright 211 SciRs.

3 3 uud uud uud udd uud udd Thos ar shown with th xprssion of nwly dfind udd, ud,. PP proton udd, ud, udd, ud, udd, ud, udd, ud udd, ud, udd ud, udd, ud, udd ud, udd, ud, udd ud D PP{ } udd, ud, udd, ud, udd, ud, udd, ud udd, ud, udd ud, udd, ud, udd ud D udd, ud, udd ud D Th nrgy quantum,, was writtn in th formr raction. It is unknown whthr th can b omit or not. Th composit ud, indicats th W boson. This raction dos not occur unlss thr ar th nutrino-antinutrino pairs. Th ud is qual to. Th composit ud indicats th positron. Th composit ud,, u indicats a Th cass with th Z muon. boson ar also considrd. All bosons ar composits. π udd, ud, udd, ud, Z udd, ud, udd, ud π ) udd, ud, udd ud, π, udd, ud, udd ud, π, D π PP PPZ udd, ud, udd, ud, Z udd, ud, udd, ud π udd, ud, udd ud, π udd, ud, udd ud π D udd, ud, udd ud π udd, ud, udd ud PP PPZ 3.4. Dscription of Tritium Dcay Th tritium dcay is 3 T H h.,, udd, ud, udd udd, ud, T udd ud udd udd ud h 3 H h It sms that th Z boson is missing. Th nw 3 xprssion is T Z H h udd, ud, udd udd uudd P nnu, u, d, d P npu, d, P np ud, P np ud T T Z 3 H Th lctron. is th tritium or Hlium s xtranuclar Copyright 211 SciRs.

4 4 4. Idntity of Fundamntal Particl Composits It is considrd that th traditional fundamntal partricls (a boson, a mson, a scond third gnration s quark) will b a composits, sinc th lctron ar not th fundamntal particl in this study Idntity of th Z boson in Early Univrs In arly univrs, th rlationship among th Z boson, lmntary particls, lptons, photons is dscribd as follows. In th initial arly univrs, it is thought that only th photons (,,, ) xist. ud = uudd, Z = ud, ud, W π = ud, ud, π W = ud ud, π [ ]= ud, ud π = ud ud,, = ud, ud, π [ ][, ] = ud ud,, π, = ud, ud,,, π π, = udud,,, π,, u d, Nxt is th rlationship among lmntary particls, protons, nutrons, photons. [ u][ d][ d][ u][ d]=[ uu, ][ dd, ][ dd, ][ uu, ][ dd, ] = [ udd ][ udd ][ uudd, ] [ n][ n][ ] = udd, ud, ud d ud, n π n π PP udd udud dud [( n)( )][( n)( )] = uud dd, uud d, d p dd, p d, d PP =, udduu udddd nuu ndd u u du d d d du d p p2 uddd dud duu nd d n uu, dddud uudud p2 p = ddd uu, d, d, d uu, p2 uu, p2 uu, P 2 P 2 =,,,, =,, π π =, =,, π π Th P 2 indicats a scond nwly dfind proton with ngativ charg. Th P 2 indicats a scond nwly dfind proton with positiv charg. W hav th sns of th duality principl btwn th particl wav for a photon. Th nxt xprssion with th π boson is th lctron-positron pair annihi- lation by [6]. Th gamma-ray ( ) indicats th nutrino its antinutrino connction., udud, π, π π u d u d, udud, π π π 2 u d u d Nxt indicats an lctron-positron pair cration. ud, ud ud ud π π, Copyright 211 SciRs.

5 Th nrgy quanta (or th photon) ( u, d, u ) indicat u, u, d, d,,,,, rspctivly. Th nrgy quanta particl, u, d,, u π may b dark nrgy dark mattr in spac Idntity of th Strang Charm quark Th chargd kaons, K K, consist of u, s u s, rspctivly. Th main K dcay is K,.. Th muon consists of ud,, K u, d,, = u, d, ud ( K )= u, s = u, d, = ud = π, s= d, = d In th sam way, th K compositions ar found. K = u, s = u, d, = ud =, ( s)= d, = d kaon s quark Th chargd kaons consist of th chargd pion th nutrino-antinutrino pairs (or nrgy quanta). Th nutral kaons, K K, consist of ds, d, s, rspctivly. K = d, s = dd = d, K = d, s = d, d, = d, = K 5 Z =,, = ud ud = uudd = uu dd = u, d, = u, K = u, K = π, = π,, By th rsult of th strang quark, th charm anti-charm quarks ar shown from th dcay by [7]. π s, sc, sss ud, = d,, u, d = d,, π = d, K = udd, = u, K = =, = d,, u, d = d,, = d, K = udd, = u, K ()= c s, u, d = s,π c s u d s Th scond, third, fourth K dcays ar shown by K π π, K π π π, K π π π. It sms that th Z bosons ar missing in th lft sids. W considr about K Z π π, K Z π π π, K Z Z π π π. Thir ractions ar rvolvd. K Z u, d, u, u, d, d, ud udud, π π, ud udud, ud ud ud, π π π, K Z u d u u d d Copyright 211 SciRs.

6 6 K Z Z ud uudd uudd ud udud udud, π π π Th rar K dcay is K π. It sms that th Z boson is also missing in th lft sid. W considr about K Z π K Z u, d, u, u, d, d,,, udud ud, udud, ud, π, It is considrd that th π cration is mor favorabl than th on by comparing th scond, third, fourth K dcays with th rar K on. Th K s consists of th dssd,. K = d, s, s, d = d, d,, d,, d Th K s dcays ar K s π π Ks π π. It sms that th Z bosons ar missing in th lft sids. Thir ractions ar as follows. K Z Z d d d d Th vry rar K dcay is K π v by [8]. It is connsidrd that K π v h. Sinc th K + consists of π,, th corrsponding to h, rspctivly. Th pair connction of th particl its antiparticl is rgardd as an annihilation in this study Idntity of th Lambda particl (Dscription of th Lambda Dcay) Th dcays ar shown by th thr ractions. n π P π P Th xprssions of th quarks nutrinos as follows. uds udd udud, uds udd, ud, ud, s uds udd, ud, ud Th xprssions ar changd by s d, Ks Z d, d d du, u, d, d, d. ud ud, dd, d, d, ud d, udd udud, ud, ud d d, ud d, udd, ud, ud, π π, d d, ud d, s, udd, ud, ud uudd uudd It sms that th udud, udud, sids. dd, dd ud, d, uudd udud, udud,,, d d, udd udud, π π d d, ud d, uudd Th K l dcay is Kl π. udd, ud, ud, Kl Z d, d,, d du, u, d, d, ud ud, dd, d, d, ud d, uudd {, ud} ud, d d, udd, ud, ud π, d d, Z bosons ar missing in th lft Th ractions with th addition of photon as follows. Copyright 211 SciRs.

7 , ud d uudd udd udud, n π, ud d uudd udd, ud, ud, P π Z u d d u u d d Z u d d u u d d, ud d uudd, udd, ud, ud P particl consists of ud d, Z u d d u u d d Th ud d,. Th particl includs th nutron Idntity of th Bottom Top quark Th b consists of udb. Its two dcays ar b p π b pk as shown by [9]. Thir dcays ar shown. b udb udd, ud, ud, udb udd, ud, ud If b quark is a composit, th minimum configura- tion s b quark is qual to d, u, d, u, d d, π. Th othr configuration s b quark consists of d, u, d, u, d,, d d, Z W rcogniz th top anti-top quarks producd in proton-antiproton collisions by [1]. Th top quarks instantly dcay into two W bosons two b quarks. On W in turn dcays into a muon a nutrino, th othr into up down quarks. Th gnral raction is considrd. W = u, d, = π, W = u, d, = π, b= d, u, d, u, d = d, π b = d, u, d, u, d = d, π P P t t W b W b Th proton-antiproton collision, P P t t W b W b, is shown from th abov rlationship. PP = u, d, d, u, d u, d, du, d tt W bw b = ud d, udud, ud d, udud, = ud, d, udud, ud, d, udud, Th anti-proton is usd by,.,, of uud. It can not xplain by th anti-proton is ithr by th udd ud instad 7 uud. Thrfor udd, ud or uddud structur in natur. Th following is th t t configuration. tt = W bw b = ud d, udud, ud d, udud, = udd, ud, du, ud d, ud, ud, = udd, ud, ud d, ud, udud, = udd, ud, ud d, ud, π, Thus, th proton-antiproton collision nds th componnt of π, Z. Th following is th idal xprssion of a sris of proton-antiproton col lisions. Copyright 211 SciRs.

8 8,,,,, t t udd, ud, du, ud d, ud, ud, u u d d u d d u u d d u d d u n n u n n W b W b ud d, udud, ud d, udud, ud, d, udud, ( ud, d, u, d, u, d d, π d, π P P u d d u d u d d u d = = From th abov nuclar ractions, th nrgy quanta p air is a pair of, not a pair of. Thrfor w try to us th, pair instad of th, o n. Th xprssion such as th x primnt is considrd by th fo llowing. or PP π, udd, ud, ud d, ud, π, PP Z tt udd, ud du, ( udd, ud, ud, π b W2 b ud, d, udud, ud d, udud, ud, d, udud, ud v, d, u, d, u, d u d d, π d, π Th, pair may b prfrd through all ractions than th symmtric xprimnt with th, pair. Thos ractions ar not a two-body collision Idntity of Higgs Boson Th followings show th compositions of som hypothtical Higgs bosons by [11,12]. Th light Higgs boson H = b, b light = d, u, d, u, d, d, u, d, u, d = π, dd π Th havy Higgs bosons H = W, W havy(1) ud, ud =, = π, H = Z, Z = u, u, K, Z havy2 = π, π π A nutral pion particl of Higgs boson. is th common minimum 4.6. Idntity of Pntaquark Composit It was rportd on th vidnc of pntaquark composit by [13]. n p ( tc.) ( composit) uudds K p ( othrs) K K p ( othrs) n Analisys Th composition of pntaquark composit is analizd. Th following is th nw xprssion. π n P ( tc.) composit,π, n, P,( tc.) uudd s ( K P) ( othrs) n K K P ( othrs) Copyright 211 SciRs.

9 9 Nxt is th simpl xprssion. n P udud udd,( udd ), ud, uddud, ud udd, ud, udd ud ud udd, ud, n K K P consists of th This pntaquark composit nrgy quanta th f iv mmbrs of quark. Howvr this raction can b also xplaind with th traditional proton uud. π n p,, udud udd, uud uddud, ud uud udd ud ud uud n K K p 4.7. Idntity of th Dbatd Pntaquark Composit JL ab Nws Rlas, Pntaquark Dbat Hats Up (April 28) It was rportd that Pntaquarks ar built of fiv quarks: for xampl, th is built of two up quarks, two down quarks an anti-strang quark. by [14]. p K K n π π Rsults of Analysis Th composition of composit is analizd. Th proton dcays with a nutral pion π som gammarays by a law of consrvation of numbr of particl. It is shown that th compositions ar uddud,. It is an xotic composit. P π or P P P, u, K n, π, Z π,, n π, K n π π = P π or = P Z =, π, n = u, d, d P= u, d, d, u, d π = ud, π = ud, π = udud, s= d, K = u, d, = π, K = d, d, = d, s= d, d, Dtails of Analysis of P K K n π π ud udd ud, ud,,, ud udd ud ud tc Th ud, ud, tc K dd. Th tc is. ud udd ud, ud, ud, udd ud ud ud udd, udud,, or, P P (I is must hav th componnts P P Z f π a kind of ) P Analizd Dscription P P = P,, =,, = n, K Z = Z P, u, u, K udd, ud udud ud, udd ud ud ud udd ud, ud, or n Z Copyright 211 SciRs.

10 1 Th Θ composit consists of th nwly dfind proton th nrgy quanta. This raction cannot b xplai th th traditional proton uud. nd wi 4.8. Idntity of th B Composits B B On Enhancd CP Violation with B KD D Mods Extraction of th Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Angl [15] Th B dcay th quark xprssion ar as follows. B D π D K π, π, π b, b, u, u cu, uudd, cu, ud π, π, π d,π, u, d,π, u d u, d, u u, d, π, π, π Th undtctd nrgis ar missing. is complt. Nxt xprssion d,π, u, d,π, u d u, d, uu, d, π, π, π bb uu, cu, uudd, uudd, cu, ud π, π, π ( D ) π π D ( K π, π, π B =,π,π, = π, π, π = u, d, =, B d u d u K D = c, urf16= s, u, d, u = d,, u, d, u= c, u= D b= d, = d,( u, u, d, d b= d, = d, u, u, d, d c= s, = s, u, d c= s, = s,( u, d s= d, s= d, On First Evidnc of th Dcay B DK Followd by D K & (21) Two B dcays th quark xprssions ar as fol- lows [17]. (First) B D W D K b), uc, uu, d, c, uu, d, d, π, ud u, d, uu, d, Th quark xprssion is uncomplt. It sms that th undtctd nrgy is missing. Nxt xprssion is complt. d, π, u d u, d, uu, d, d u, d, uu, d, B D W D K (Scond) {( B )} { u} {( W )} { u} D K b, u u u, d, u c, us, u d,, u u u, d, u d u, d, ud u, Th undtctd nrgis Nxt xprssion is complt. dd ar missing. d,, u u d, du, d, u d u, d, ud u b, u u d, du, d, u cu, s, u B u d, dw u D K Copyright 211 SciRs.

11 5. Summary B = d, π, u= π, π Th fundamntal particls ar xpctd to b up quark u, down quark d, nutrino, muon-nutrino, thos anti-particls. Th diffrnc btwn nutrino muon-nutrino is thir kintic nrgis. Th lptons of lctron, positron, nrgy quanta hav th subatomic structur. = u, d, = u, d, u = uu, d = dd, =, =, Th mmbrs of chargd muons,, wr shown. = ud, = π = ud,, = π Th mmbrs of W / W / Z bosons th minimum mmbr of Higgs boson wr shown. W = u, d = π W = u, d = π Z = u, u, d, d,, = π 1 Z = u, u, d, d,, = π 2 minimumh = u, u, d, d = Th mmbrs of K / K / K / Ks / / / B/ B composits wr shown. K = u, s= u, d, = ud = π, K = u, s= u, d, = ud = π, K = d, s= d, d, = d, K = d, s= d, d, = d, = K Ks= d, s, s, d= d, d d d 11 = ud d, = udd, = n, b = udd, uudd, = n, π = uddud, = P, B d u d u B = d, π, u = π, π =,π,π, = π, π, π Th scond third quark no longr say quark. Thy ar th xotic scond third stats of th first gnration s quark composits. s = d,,,, = d, c= s, u, d= s, π =, = =, = u, d, d, = u, d, = u, K b= d, u, d, u, d= d, π t t {, } d u d d d K 1 = udd, ud ud d, ud, t, t 2 = udd, ud udd, ud, Th proton might b a pntaquark. 6. Acknowldgmnt P= u, u, d, d, d uddud udd, ud, I thank you for grat accomplishmnt for mankind. May pac b upon all living things forvr vr. I thank my dad fathr for this study. All t h inhritanc from him hlpd m. 7. Rfrncs [1] Rydn, B. (23) Introduction to Cosmology, 1st dition, Japans languag dition, (Parson Education, Inc.), Chaptr 1. [2] M. Gll-Mann, A Schmatic Modl of Baryons Msons, Physics Lttrs Vol 8, 1964, PP [3] Zwig, G. (1964) AN SU MODEL FOR STRONG 3 Copyright 211 SciRs.

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